{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:41:42Z","timestamp":1782970902711,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-025-03715-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T06:45:17Z","timestamp":1756104317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy features among Filipino eyes with neovascular AMD: application of the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society non-ICGA criteria"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Jonathan Paul B.","family":"Lacanilao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Carlo M.","family":"Artiaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3715_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-022-00365-5","volume":"8","author":"AC Permadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Permadi AC, Djatikusumo A, Adriono GA (2022) Optical coherence tomography in diagnosing polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Looking into the future: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Retin Vitr 8(1):14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-022-00365-5","journal-title":"Int J Retin Vitr"},{"key":"3715_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.11.019","volume":"125","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, Lai TYY, Ruamviboonsuk P et al (2018) Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Ophthalmology 125:708\u2013724","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3715_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.07.024","volume":"244","author":"V Chaikitmongkol","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaikitmongkol V, Ozimek M, Srisomboon T et al (2022) Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy based on non-ICGA criteria in white patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 244:58\u201367","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.006","volume":"128","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, Lai TYY, Teo K et al (2021) Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: consensus nomenclature and non-indocyanine green angiograph diagnostic criteria from the Asia-Pacific ocular imaging society PCV workgroup. Ophthalmology 128:443\u2013452","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3715_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4050782","volume":"4","author":"C Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong C, Wong T, Cheung C (2015) Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Asians. J Clin Med 4:782\u2013821","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"3715_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001872","volume":"38","author":"TD Lorentzen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lorentzen TD, Subhi Y, S\u00f8rensen TL (2018) Prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in white patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. Retina 38:2363\u20132371","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3715_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-310074","volume":"101","author":"S Yadav","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yadav S, Parry DG, Beare NAV et al (2017) Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a common type of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in caucasians. Br J Ophthalmol 101:1377\u20131380","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000573","volume":"12","author":"P Ruamviboonsuk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ruamviboonsuk P, Lai TYY, Chen S-J et al (2023) Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: updates on risk factors, diagnosis, and treatments. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 12:184\u2013195","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"3715_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.04.002","volume":"53","author":"CW Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong CW, Yanagi Y, Lee WK et al (2016) Age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Asians. Prog Retin Eye Res 53:107\u2013139","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"3715_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.027","volume":"119","author":"AR Rudnicka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rudnicka AR, Jarrar Z, Wormald R et al (2012) Age and gender variations in age-related macular degeneration prevalence in populations of European ancestry: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 119:571\u2013580","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3715_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01849-8","volume":"36","author":"I De Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Silva I, Thomas MG, Shirodkar A et al (2022) Patterns of attendances to the hospital emergency eye care service: a multicentre study in England. Eye 36:2304\u20132311","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"3715_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.05.017","volume":"217","author":"K Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim K, Yang J, Feuer W et al (2020) A comparison study of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy imaged with indocyanine green angiography and swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Am J Ophthalmol 217:240\u2013251","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR13","first-page":"1228.e1","volume":"158","author":"SG De","year":"2014","unstructured":"De SG, Vaz-Pereira S, Keane PA et al (2014) Sensitivity and specificity of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in detecting idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 158:1228.e1-1238.e1","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00253-6","volume":"129","author":"H Iijima","year":"2000","unstructured":"Iijima H, Iida T, Imai M et al (2000) Optical coherence tomography of orange-red subretinal lesions in eyes with idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 129:21\u201326","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002228","volume":"39","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, Yanagi Y, Akiba M et al (2019) Improved detection and diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy using a combination of optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina 39:1655\u20131663","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3715_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002139","volume":"39","author":"TE de Carlo","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Carlo TE, Kokame GT, Kaneko KN et al (2019) Sensitivity and specificity of detecting polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with en face optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina 39:1343\u20131352","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3715_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000440","volume":"92","author":"J Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yu Z, Liu L (2015) Multimodality imaging in diagnosing polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Optom Vis Sci 92:e21\u2013e26","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3715_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000794","volume":"36","author":"R Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu R, Li J, Li Z et al (2016) Distinguishing polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy from typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Retina 36:778\u2013786","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3715_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.0565","volume":"137","author":"V Chaikitmongkol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaikitmongkol V, Kong J, Khunsongkiet P et al (2019) Sensitivity and specificity of potential diagnostic features detected using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol 137:661","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1244-5","volume":"19","author":"J Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang J, Yuan M, Wang E et al (2019) Noninvasive multimodal imaging in diagnosing polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. BMC Ophthalmol 19:229","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3715_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2021.09.009","volume":"6","author":"BJ Fenner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fenner BJ, Teo KYC, Tham YC, Chakravarthy U, Cheung CMG (2022) Prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy using non-indocyanine green angiography-based criteria. Ophthalmol Retina 6(2):179\u2013181","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"3715_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.08.006","volume":"234","author":"F Corvi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corvi F, Chandra S, Invernizzi A et al (2022) Multimodal imaging comparison of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy between Asian and caucasian populations. Am J Ophthalmol 234:108\u2013116","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05190-4","volume":"260","author":"HC Roh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roh HC, Kim SJ, Kang SW et al (2022) Long-term outcomes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in comparison with typical exudative age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 260:83\u201392","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.2443","volume":"138","author":"TH Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim TH, Lai TYY, Takahashi K et al (2020) Comparison of ranibizumab with or without verteporfin photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol 138:935","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1804","volume":"136","author":"WK Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee WK, Iida T, Ogura Y et al (2018) Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in the PLANET study. JAMA Ophthalmol 136:786","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01236-x","volume":"37","author":"M Ohji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ohji M, Takahashi K, Okada AA et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept treat-and-extend regimens in exudative age-related macular degeneration: 52- and 96-week findings from ALTAIR. Adv Ther 37:1173\u20131187","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"3715_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.11.003","volume":"3","author":"KY Chong Teo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chong Teo KY, Squirrell DM, Nguyen V et al (2019) A multicountry comparison of real-world management and outcomes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Ophthalmol Retina 3:220\u2013229","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"3715_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001175","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2022-001175","volume":"8","author":"LF Nakayama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakayama LF, Mitchell WG, Shapiro S et al (2023) Sociodemographic disparities in ophthalmological clinical trials. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 8:e001175","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-007-0498-2","volume":"52","author":"SH Byeon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Byeon SH, Lee SC, Oh HS et al (2008) Incidence and clinical patterns of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Korean patients. Jpn J Ophthalmol 52:57\u201362","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2016.30.3.198","volume":"30","author":"YS Chang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang YS, Kim JH, Kim JW et al (2016) Optical coherence tomography-based diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Korean patients. Korean J Ophthalmol 30:198\u2013205","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.10.1392","volume":"121","author":"K Sho","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sho K, Takahashi K, Yamada H et al (2003) Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 121:1392","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.10.001","volume":"117","author":"K Mori","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mori K, Horie-Inoue K, Gehlbach PL et al (2010) Phenotype and genotype characteristics of age-related macular degeneration in a Japanese population. Ophthalmology 117:928\u2013938","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3715_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.05.004","volume":"158","author":"G Coscas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coscas G, Yamashiro K, Coscas F et al (2014) Comparison of exudative age-related macular degeneration subtypes in Japanese and French patients: multicenter diagnosis with multimodal imaging. Am J Ophthalmol 158(2):309-318.e2","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3715_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.03.047","volume":"144","author":"I Maruko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maruko I, Iida T, Saito M et al (2007) Clinical characteristics of exudative age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients. Am J Ophthalmol 144(1):15\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.03.047","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0575-8","volume":"245","author":"Y Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wen F, Huang S et al (2007) Subtype lesions of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Chinese patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245:1441\u20131445","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0667-z","volume":"242","author":"F Wen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wen F, Chen C, Wu D et al (2004) Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in elderly Chinese patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 242:625\u2013629","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3715_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101057","volume":"9","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, Li X, Mathur R et al (2014) A prospective study of treatment patterns and 1-year outcome of Asian age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. PLoS ONE 9:e101057","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3715_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20091030-07","volume":"40","author":"Y-C Chang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chang Y-C, Wu W-C (2009) Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Taiwanese patients. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 40:576\u2013581","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03715-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03715-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03715-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T18:05:43Z","timestamp":1766167543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03715-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03715-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JCMA has previously received speaker fees from Carl Zeiss Meditec, Roche and Bayer.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"351"}}