{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T18:59:20Z","timestamp":1772477960665,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ongoing Research Funding program, King Saud University","award":["ORF-Ctr-2025-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-Ctr-2025-11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-026-04012-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T05:11:16Z","timestamp":1772428276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of intubation and dacryocystorhinostomy in the management of functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Terence","family":"Ang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veda","family":"Muthineni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Almater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"4012_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02791.x","volume":"40","author":"W Chan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chan W, Malhotra R, Kakizaki H, Leibovitch I, Selva D (2012) Perspective: what does the term functional mean in the context of epiphora? Clin Exp Ophthalmol 40(7):749\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02791.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4012_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2001.00366.x","volume":"29","author":"B O'Donnell","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell B, Shah R (2001) Dacryocystorhinostomy for epiphora in the presence of a patent lacrimal system. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 29(1):27\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2001.00366.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00836.x","volume":"29","author":"PJ Wormald","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wormald PJ, Tsirbas A (2004) Investigation and endoscopic treatment for functional and anatomical obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct system. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 29(4):352\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00836.x","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4012_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.152157","volume":"94","author":"NM Peter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peter NM, Pearson AR (2010) External dacryocystorhinostomy for the treatment of epiphora in patients with patent but non-functioning lacrimal systems. Br J Ophthalmol 94(2):233\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2008.152157","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"4012_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P271","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816655337j","volume":"155","author":"YJ Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung YJ, Park SH, Kim YH, Mo JH, Kwon SK (2016) Outcome of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy for functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Otolaryngology - Head Neck Surg United States 155(Supplement 1):P271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599816655337j","journal-title":"Otolaryngology - Head Neck Surg United States"},{"key":"4012_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin22.047","author":"Y Shapira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shapira Y, Macri C, Usmani E, Psaltis AJ, Chan WO, Selva D (2022) Outcomes of intubation and endoscopic DCR in functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Rhinology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhin22.047","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4012_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.5.533","volume":"86","author":"YM Delaney","year":"2002","unstructured":"Delaney YM, Khooshabeh R (2002) External dacryocystorhinostomy for the treatment of acquired partial nasolacrimal obstruction in adults. Br J Ophthalmol 86(5):533\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.86.5.533","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4012_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31803e1744","volume":"23","author":"BA O'Donnell","year":"2007","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell BA, Clement CI (2007) Assessing patients with epiphora who are patent to syringing: clinical predictors of response to dacryocystorhinostomy. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 23(3):173\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31803e1744","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"4012_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215107001107","volume":"122","author":"C Brewis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brewis C, Yung M, Merkonidis C, Hardman-Lea S (2008) Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in functional lacrimal obstruction. J Laryngol Otol 122(9):921\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022215107001107","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4012_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.078","volume":"115","author":"H Demirci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Demirci H, Elner VM (2008) Double silicone tube intubation for the management of partial lacrimal system obstruction. Ophthalmology 115(2):383\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.078","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4012_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2010.485715","volume":"29","author":"VB Pandya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pandya VB, Lee S, Benger R, Danks JJ, Kourt G, Martin PA et al (2010) External dacryocystorhinostomy: assessing factors that influence outcome. Orbit 29(5):291\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01676830.2010.485715","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"7","key":"4012_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20916","volume":"120","author":"CA Callejas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Callejas CA, Tewfik MA, Wormald PJ (2010) Powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with selective stenting. Laryngoscope 120(7):1449\u20131452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.20916","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"4012_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-2014-7","volume":"270","author":"WK Cho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cho WK, Paik JS, Yang SW (2013) Surgical success rate comparison in functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction: simple lacrimal stent versus endoscopic versus external dacryocystorhinostomy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 270(2):535\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-012-2014-7","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4012_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318230b110","volume":"28","author":"EE Moscato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moscato EE, Dolmetsch AM, Silkiss RZ, Seiff SR (2012) Silicone intubation for the treatment of epiphora in adults with presumed functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 28(1):35\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318230b110","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4012_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2016.02.20","volume":"9","author":"NX Tong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tong NX, Zhao YY, Jin XM (2016) Use of the crawford tube for symptomatic epiphora without nasolacrimal obstruction. Int J Ophthalmol 9(2):282\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2016.02.20","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4012_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3996854","volume":"2022","author":"C Ozturker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ozturker C, Purevdorj B, Karabulut GO, Seif G, Fazil K, Khan YA et al (2022) A comparison of transcanalicular, endonasal, and external dacryocystorhinostomy in functional epiphora: a minimum two-year follow-up study. J Ophthalmol 2022:3996854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3996854","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4012_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009783","volume":"35","author":"K Hodgson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hodgson K, Hussain A (2024) Outcomes of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy performed for functional nasolacrimal obstruction with delay on dacryoscintigraphy. J Craniofac Surg 35(2):501\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009783","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4012_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2023.05.007","volume":"59","author":"M Bernier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bernier M, Miller A, Leung V, Vagefi MR, Kersten RC, Kalin-Hajdu E (2024) Dacryoscintigraphy as a guide for surgery in patients with functional epiphora. Can J Ophthalmol 59(4):259\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2023.05.007","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4012_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.24381","volume":"45","author":"\u0130 \u015eim\u015fek","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u015eim\u015fek \u0130, Yaba\u015f K\u0131z\u0131lo\u011flu \u00d6, Ziylan \u015e (2015) External dacryocystorhinostomy for the treatment of functional nasolacrimal drainage obstruction. T\u00fcrk Oftalmoloji Dergisi 45(5):208\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/tjo.24381","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Oftalmoloji Dergisi"},{"issue":"7","key":"4012_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.20","volume":"31","author":"OA Vonica","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vonica OA, Obi E, Sipkova Z, Soare C, Pearson AR (2017) The value of lacrimal scintillography in the assessment of patients with epiphora. Eye 31(7):1020\u20131026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2017.20","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"9","key":"4012_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05654-1","volume":"260","author":"Y Shapira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shapira Y, Juniat V, Macri C, Selva D (2022) Syringing has limited reliability in differentiating nasolacrimal duct stenosis from functional delay. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 260(9):3037\u20133042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-022-05654-1","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4012_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02048-9","volume":"37","author":"Y Shapira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shapira Y, Macri C, Usmani E, Davis G, Selva D (2023) DCR for nasolacrimal duct stenosis may be less effective than for complete obstruction. Eye Lond 37(4):760\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-022-02048-9","journal-title":"Eye Lond"},{"issue":"3","key":"4012_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0000000000000708","volume":"25","author":"D Andalib","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andalib D, Nabiie R, Abbasi L (2014) Silicone intubation for nasolacrimal duct stenosis in adults: monocanalicular or bicanalicular intubation. J Craniofac Surg 25(3):1009\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/scs.0000000000000708","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4012_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13358","volume":"44","author":"K Cho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cho K, Kim YD, Woo KI (2019) Comparison of external and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy for distal canalicular or common canalicular obstruction: a retrospective study of 44 lacrimal systems. Clin Otolaryngol 44(4):693\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.13358","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04012-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04012-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04012-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T18:02:22Z","timestamp":1772474542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04012-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04012-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr Almater is receiving support from the \u201cOngoing Research Funding program, (ORF-Ctr-2025\u201311), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia\u201d. There are no other conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"135"}}