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Included patients had documentation of at least two comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and one high-quality optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan (signal strength\u2009\u2265\u20096). Extracted data included demographics, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, OCT-derived optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters, visual field (VF) metrics, glaucoma severity, comorbidities, and self-reported treatment adherence. Comparisons were performed by age group (&lt;\u200940 vs.\u2009\u2265\u200940\u00a0years) and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 324 patients (619 eyes) were included (mean age 58.3\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3\u00a0years; 66.0% female). At presentation, 51.0% had advanced-stage glaucoma, and only 17.3% reported consistent medication use. Hypertension and diabetes were common comorbidities (80.3% and 38.8%, respectively). Mean Goldmann IOP was 22.0\u00a0mmHg, mean RNFL thickness was 75.2\u2009\u00b1\u200914.9\u00a0\u03bcm, and mean cup-to-disc ratio was 0.73\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10. VF indices demonstrated moderate functional loss, with worse mean deviation among men. Longitudinal VF data were limited; only 17% of patients had more than one documented test, limiting cohort-wide assessment of functional progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This clinic-based characterization of glaucoma in Jamaica reveals a high burden of advanced disease at presentation, low treatment adherence, and gaps in longitudinal monitoring, supporting the need for prospective studies to develop ancestry\u2014and region-specific OCT reference data and improve equitable glaucoma care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-026-04020-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:53:42Z","timestamp":1777438422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and demographic characteristics of glaucoma patients in Kingston, Jamaica"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9170-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Briana L.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1823-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osahon J.","family":"Asowata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn L.","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kendall R.","family":"Pixley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9725-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camara S.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4001-8702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Cooke Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4020_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04252","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04252","volume":"14","author":"S Shan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shan S et al (2024) Global incidence and risk factors for glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. 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