{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:56:48Z","timestamp":1776401808054,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012175","name":"Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2026ZL0233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026ZL0233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-026-04079-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:17:55Z","timestamp":1776399475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orthokeratology for stable mild-to-moderate keratoconus: a pilot study on safety and corneal remodeling via quantitative OCT analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ZhenXian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenliang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangqin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101559","volume":"45","author":"J Santodomingo-Rubido","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santodomingo-Rubido J, Carracedo G, Suzaki A, Villa-Collar C, Vincent SJ, Wolffsohn JS (2022) Keratoconus: an updated review. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 45(3):101559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101559","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"2","key":"4079_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002150","volume":"39","author":"H Hashemi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hashemi H, Heydarian S, Hooshmand E, Saatchi M, Yekta A, Aghamirsalim M, Valadkhan M, Mortazavi M, Hashemi A, Khabazkhoob M (2020) The prevalence and risk factors for keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cornea 39(2):263\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002150","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"7","key":"4079_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.02.029","volume":"126","author":"AC Ferdi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferdi AC, Nguyen V, Gore DM, Allan BD, Rozema JJ, Watson SL (2019) Keratoconus natural progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 11\u2009529 eyes. Ophthalmology 126(7):935\u2013945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.02.029","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4079_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2022.101794","volume":"46","author":"P Devi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Devi P, Kumar P, Bharadwaj SR (2023) Computational analysis of retinal image quality with different contact lens designs in keratoconus. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 46(2):101794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2022.101794","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"2","key":"4079_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-315942","volume":"105","author":"S Araki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Araki S, Koh S, Kabata D, Inoue R, Morii D, Maeda N, Shintani A, Jhanji V, Nishida K (2021) Effect of long-term rigid gas-permeable contact lens wear on keratoconus progression. Br J Ophthalmol 105(2):186\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-315942","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4079_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S345154","volume":"15","author":"A Marta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marta A, Marques JH, Almeida D, Jos\u00e9 D, Barbosa I (2021) Keratoconus and visual performance with different contact lenses. Clin Ophthalmol 15:4697\u20134705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S345154","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4079_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2017.11.02","volume":"10","author":"M Naderan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naderan M, Jahanrad A, Balali S (2017) Histopathologic findings of keratoconus corneas underwent penetrating keratoplasty according to topographic measurements and keratoconus severity. Int J Ophthalmol 10(11):1640\u20131646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2017.11.02","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4079_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7487186","volume":"2020","author":"R Farhat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farhat R, Ghannam MK, Azar G, Nehme J, Sahyoun M, Hanna NG, Abi Karam M, El Haber C, Schakal A, Jalkh A, Samaha A (2020) Safety, efficacy, and predictive factors of conventional epithelium-off corneal crosslinking in the treatment of progressive keratoconus. J Ophthalmol 2020:7487186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7487186","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4079_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201600106","volume":"10","author":"N Pahuja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pahuja N, Shroff R, Pahanpate P, Francis M, Veeboy L, Shetty R, Nuijts RMMA, Sinha Roy A (2017) Application of high resolution OCT to evaluate irregularity of Bowman\u2019s layer in asymmetric keratoconus. J Biophotonics 10(5):701\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.201600106","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4079_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.06.022","volume":"111","author":"MR Chalita","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chalita MR, Chavala S, Xu M, Krueger RR (2004) Wavefront analysis in post-LASIK eyes and its correlation with visual symptoms, refraction, and topography. Ophthalmology 111(3):447\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.06.022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4079_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.001524","volume":"2","author":"F Larocca","year":"2011","unstructured":"Larocca F, Chiu SJ, McNabb RP, Kuo AN, Izatt JA, Farsiu S (2011) Robust automatic segmentation of corneal layer boundaries in SDOCT images using graph theory and dynamic programming. Biomed Opt Express 2(6):1524\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.2.001524","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"4079_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S24219","volume":"6","author":"MR Sedghipour","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sedghipour MR, Sadigh AL, Motlagh BF (2012) Revisiting corneal topography for the diagnosis of keratoconus: use of Rabinowitz\u2019s KISA% index. Clin Ophthalmol 6:181\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S24219","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4079_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.5.12","volume":"5","author":"R Shroff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shroff R, Francis M, Pahuja N, Veeboy L, Shetty R, Sinha Roy A (2016) Quantitative evaluation of microdistortions in Bowman\u2019s Layer and corneal deformation after small incision lenticule extraction. Transl Vis Sci Technol 5(5):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.5.5.12","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"4079_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56529-1","volume":"9","author":"A Alkanaan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alkanaan A, Barsotti R, Kirat O, Khan A, Almubrad T, Akhtar S (2019) Collagen fibrils and proteoglycans of peripheral and central stroma of the keratoconus cornea \u2013 ultrastructure and 3D transmission electron tomography. Sci Rep 9:19963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-56529-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4079_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1212314","volume":"10","author":"R Deshmukh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deshmukh R, Ong ZZ, Rampat R, Ali\u00f3 Del Barrio JL, Barua A, Ang M, Mehta JS, Said DG, Dua HS, Ambr\u00f3sio R Jr, Ting DSJ (2023) Management of keratoconus: an updated review. Front Med (Lausanne) 10:1212314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1212314","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"4079_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000001045","volume":"49","author":"Z Meng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meng Z, Chen S, Zhe N, Cao T, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wei R (2023) Short-term changes in epithelial and optical redistribution induced by different orthokeratology designs. Eye Contact Lens 49(12):528\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000001045","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"issue":"3","key":"4079_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002156","volume":"39","author":"J Franco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Franco J, White CA, Kruh JN (2020) Analysis of compensatory corneal epithelial thickness changes in keratoconus using corneal tomography. Cornea 39(3):298\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002156","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"12","key":"4079_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33341","volume":"10","author":"S Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang S, Zhu H, Zhang L, Gao M, Liu C, Zhao Q (2024) Effects of orthokeratology on corneal reshaping and the delaying of axial eye growth in children. Heliyon 10(12):e33341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33341","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"9","key":"4079_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000802","volume":"47","author":"E Shorter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shorter E, Harthan J, Nau A, Fogt J, Cao D, Schornack M, Nau C (2021) Dry eye symptoms in individuals with keratoconus wearing contact lenses. Eye Contact Lens 47(9):515\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000802","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"issue":"1","key":"4079_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.001","volume":"44","author":"L Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang L, Zhang L, Jian Hu R, Yu PP, Jin X (2021) The influence of overnight orthokeratology on ocular surface and dry eye-related cytokines IL-17A, IL-6, and PGE2 in children. Contact Lens Anterior Eye 44(1):81\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2020.04.001","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"12","key":"4079_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-1065-z","volume":"34","author":"L Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim L, Lim EWL (2020) Current perspectives in the management of keratoconus with contact lenses. Eye (Lond) 34(12):2175\u20132196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-020-1065-z","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"4079_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S446599","volume":"16","author":"ZA Rashid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rashid ZA, Moodley VR, Mashige KP, Agho KE (2024) Barriers to the diagnosis and management of keratoconus among optometrists in Kenya. Clin Optom (Auckl) 16:71\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTO.S446599","journal-title":"Clin Optom (Auckl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4079_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84370-y","volume":"11","author":"S Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren S, Xu L, Fan Q, Gu Y, Yang K (2021) Accuracy of new Corvis ST parameters for detecting subclinical and clinical keratoconus eyes in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 11(1):4962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-84370-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04079-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04079-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04079-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:17:56Z","timestamp":1776399476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04079-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04079-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial interest in Euclid Systems Corporation, and the lenses used were part of standard clinical care, not provided by the manufacturer for research purposes. The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The research protocol has received approval from the Ethics Committee at Tongde Hospital, with approval number: Zhetongderunshen 2024 Research No. 184-JY, and it adheres to the guidelines outlined in the Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants (and from their legal guardians for participants under the age of 18) prior to enrollment.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"207"}}