{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:03:26Z","timestamp":1784192606507,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/FST\/College-2024\/1648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/FST\/College-2024\/1648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-026-04176-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T08:08:52Z","timestamp":1784189332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An integrative review on disease pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, management strategies, and futuristic innovations in ocular malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Shabana R.","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay J.","family":"Kshirsagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4038-3953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umesh D.","family":"Laddha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4176_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2024.10.004","author":"H Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu H, Rokohl AC, Ju X, Guo Y, Hou X, Fan W (2025) Global incidence and trends of ocular cancer: a bibliometric analysis. Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aopr.2024.10.004","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res"},{"key":"4176_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Dimas, E Ulukaya, N Sakellaridis (2015) Cancer of the Eye (Intraocular Cancer). Biomedical Sciences","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.99473-X"},{"key":"4176_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638733","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638733","volume":"12","author":"J Bai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bai J, Wan Z, Gao Y, Peng Q (2025) Global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease study. Front Med 12:1638733","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"4176_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.975565","author":"Y Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui Y, Yin S, Qin X, Jiao W, Ren A, Wang F, Zhao B (2022) Advances in the treatment of intraocular malignancies: a literature review. Front Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.975565","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"4176_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/wasj.2024.307","author":"R Parashar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parashar R, Dewangan A, Thakur K, Thakur P, Sahu P, Suresh PK (2025) Insights into ocular cancer oncogenesis (review). World Acad Sci J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/wasj.2024.307","journal-title":"World Acad Sci J"},{"key":"4176_CR6","unstructured":"American Cancer Society (2025) Immunotherapy and Targeted Drugs for Eye Cancer. (accessed on 18 November 2025). https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/eye-cancer\/treating\/targeted-therapy.html."},{"key":"4176_CR7","first-page":"208","volume":"6","author":"L Konstantinidis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Konstantinidis L, Damato B (2017) Intraocular metastases\u2014a review. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol 6:208\u2013214","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4176_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000530730","author":"T Milman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Milman T, Grossniklaus HE, Goldman-Levy G, Kivela TT (2023) The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumours of the eye and orbit. Ocul Oncol Pathol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000530730","journal-title":"Ocul Oncol Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4176_CR9","first-page":"143","volume":"6","author":"N Silverman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silverman N, Shinder R (2017) What\u2019s new in eyelid tumors. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol 6(2):143\u2013152","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4176_CR10","volume-title":"Starpearls","author":"H Rana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rana H, Stokkermans TJ, Purt B, Chou E (2023) Malignant eyelid lesions. Starpearls. Starpearls, Treasure Island"},{"key":"4176_CR11","unstructured":"Canadian Cancer Society (2024) (22 October 2025). https:\/\/share.google\/HzYlMQ3ipdrsNCcuG."},{"key":"4176_CR12","unstructured":"S. C. C. Center (2025) \u201cUniversity of Miami Health System,\u201d [Online]. Available: umiamihealth.org. [Accessed 22 October 2025]."},{"issue":"4","key":"4176_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2024.01.005","volume":"42","author":"R Brown","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brown R, Fard S, Feng P, Kerr PE (2024) Evaluation and management of benign tumors of the eye and eyelid. Clin Dermatol 42(4):343\u2013350","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"4176_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9799","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199799","volume":"26","author":"L Iavarone","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iavarone L, Franco R, Zito Marino F, D\u2019Abbronzo G, Argenziano G, Scharf C, Nucci G, Ronchi A, Cazzato G (2025) Ocular melanoma: a comprehensive review with a focus on molecular biology. Int J Mol Sci 26:9799","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4176_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-023-02219-6","author":"Y Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang Y, Guo Y (2012) Quality of life among people with eye cancer: a systematic review from 2012 to 2022. Health Qual Life Outcomes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-023-02219-6","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"4176_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133066","volume":"14","author":"PS Rodrigues","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodrigues PS, Fernandez Diaz D, Bande M, Pardo M, Loidi L, Blanco Teijeiro MJ (2022) GNAQ and GNA11 genes: a comprehensive review on oncogenesis, prognosis and therapeutic opportunities in uveal melanoma. Cancers 14:3066","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"4176_CR17","first-page":"19","volume":"2","author":"J Krishnaraj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krishnaraj J, Das SS, Vendhan KE (2016) Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Inter J Ocular Oncol Oculoplast 2:19\u201330","journal-title":"Inter J Ocular Oncol Oculoplast"},{"key":"4176_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.040","author":"AD Singh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh AD, Turell ME, Topham AK (2011) Uveal melanoma: trends in incidence, treatment, and survival. Ophthalmology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.040","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4176_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1159\/000480640","volume":"4","author":"ME Aronow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aronow ME, Topham AK, Singh AD (2018) Uveal melanoma: 5-year update on incidence, treatment, and survival. Ocular Oncol Pathol 4(3):145\u2013151","journal-title":"Ocular Oncol Pathol"},{"key":"4176_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.208","volume":"127","author":"CL Shields","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shields CL, Furuta M, Thangappan A, Nagori S, Mashayekhi A, Lally DR, Kelly CC, Raudich DS, Nagori AV, Wakade OA, Mehta S, Forte L, Long A, Dellacava EF, Kalpan B, Jerry A (2009) Metastasis of uveal melanoma millimeter-by-millimeter in 8033 consecutive eyes. Arch Ophthalmol 127:989\u2013998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4176_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00767-8","volume":"8","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, Dai X, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Mao B, Shuohan W, Zhu T, Huang F, Maimaiti N, Cai X, Stan Z, Sheng J, Guo T, Ye J (2024) AI-driven eyelid tumor classification in ocular oncology using proteomic data. Precis Oncol 8:289","journal-title":"Precis Oncol"},{"key":"4176_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081758","volume":"12","author":"M Kulbey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kulbey M, Marcotte E, Remtulla R, Lau TH, Escamilla MP, Wu KY, Burnier MN (2024) Uveal melanoma: comprehensive review of its pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future perspectives. Biomedicines 12:1758","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"4176_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/apjcb.2025.10.3.759-768","author":"R Shatnawi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shatnawi R, Al-Hyari A, Al-Latayfeh M, Abu Ain M, Shatnawi H, Shatnawi Y, Yousef YA (2025) Advances in uveal melanoma: from molecular pathogenesis to precision diagnostics and personalized therapies: narrative overview. Asian Pac J Cancer Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31557\/apjcb.2025.10.3.759-768","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4176_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100058","volume":"13","author":"M Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou M, Tang J, Fan J, Wen X, Shen J, Jia R, Chaia P, Fana X (2024) Recent progress in retinoblastoma: pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis and management. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol 13(2):100058","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4176_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13090307","author":"A Kumari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumari A, Singh SP, Kumar P, Kondaveeti SB, Garg VK, Kaur R, Buttar HS, Sak K, Yadav K, Yadav V (2025) A comprehensive review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment strategies for retinoblastoma. Diseases. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases13090307","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"4176_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.237","author":"RC Eagle Jr.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eagle RC Jr. (2013) The pathology of ocular cancer. Eye. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2012.237","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"4176_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.e15070","author":"SF Maleki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maleki SF, Yousefi M, Hajiesmailpoor Z, Jafarizadeh A, Pedrammehr S, Alizadehsani R, Saez JMG (2025) Role of artificial intelligence in ocular tumors: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.e15070","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4176_CR28","unstructured":"Carol Karp, Martin David Harp (2025) Envision Summit. AI in the diagnosis of Ocular tumors. Ophthalmology times"},{"key":"4176_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"T Chokshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chokshi T, Cruz MJ, Ross J, Yiu G (2024) Advances in teleophthalmology and artificial intelligence for diabetic retinopathy screening: a narrative review. Annu Eye Sci 9:1\u201314","journal-title":"Annu Eye Sci"},{"key":"4176_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.11.020","volume":"263","author":"JL Berry","year":"2024","unstructured":"Berry JL, Pike S, Shah R, Reid MW, Peng CC, Wang Y, Yellapantula V, Biegel J, Kuhn P, Hicks J, Xu L (2024) Aqueous humor liquid biopsy as a companion diagnostic for retinoblastoma: implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic options: five years of progress. Am J Ophthalmol 263:188\u2013205","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4176_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16081565","volume":"16","author":"A Gerrish","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gerrish A, Mashayamombe-Wolfgarten C, Stone E, Rom\u00e1n-Monta\u00f1ana C, Abbott J, Jenkinson H, Millen G, Gurney S, McCalla M, Staveley SJ, Kainth A (2024) Genetic diagnosis of retinoblastoma using aqueous humour\u2014findings from an extended cohort. Cancers 16(8):1565","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"4176_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJMIO_25_2024","author":"M Agrawal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Agrawal M, Surendran AK, Girish S, Reji RG, Parikh P (2024) Genomic profiling of retinoblastoma using aqueous humor liquid biopsy - a rapid review. Inter J Mol Immun Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/IJMIO_25_2024","journal-title":"Inter J Mol Immun Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4176_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijooo.v.11.i.2.2","volume":"11","author":"D Shivam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shivam D (2025) Novel diagnostic and therapeutic measures in the field of ocular oncology: current advances and future directions. IP Inter J Oncol Oculoplast 11(2):45\u201349","journal-title":"IP Inter J Oncol Oculoplast"},{"key":"4176_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1194590","author":"L-F He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He L-F, Mou P, Yang C-H, Huang C, Shen Y, Zhang J-d, Wei R-l (2023) Single-cell sequencing in primary intraocular tumors: understanding heterogeneity, the microenvironment, and drug resistance. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1194590","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4176_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33248-2","author":"H-T Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H-T, Xu L, Weisenberger DJ, Li M, Zhou W, Peng C-C, Stachelek K, Cobrinik D, Liang G, Berry JL (2022) Characterizing DNA methylation signatures of retinoblastoma using aqueous humor liquid biopsy. Nat Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-33248-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4176_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17469899.2021.1851598","author":"N Venkateswaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Venkateswaran N, Mercado C, Wall SC, Galor A, Wang J, Karp CL (2021) High resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography of ocular surface lesions: a review and handbook. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17469899.2021.1851598","journal-title":"Expert Rev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4176_CR37","unstructured":"Pavlin CJ (2023) Diagnostic applications of UBM in anterior segment tumors. Ophthalmic Ultrasound in Oncology"},{"key":"4176_CR38","unstructured":"Shousha MA (2024) Hyperspectral imaging in Ocular Oncology. Biomedical Ophthalmology Express"},{"key":"4176_CR39","unstructured":"Liu T (2023) Photoacaustic characterization of Inraocular tumours. Biophotonics"},{"key":"4176_CR40","unstructured":"Charters, Lynda (2024) Next-generation sequencing in Ocular Oncology brings advances in diagnosis, management. Ophthalmology Times"},{"key":"4176_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000584","author":"M Tagami","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tagami M, Honda S (2025) Applications of new generation sequencing (NGS) in ocular oncology. Int Ophthalmol Clin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000584","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"4176_CR42","first-page":"590","volume":"14","author":"TV Venkateswaran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Venkateswaran TV, Kumari U (2024) Next Generation Sequencing and Structural Identification of retinoblastoma data Analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Med 14:590","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"4176_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2024.03.005","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Rokohl AC, Guo Y, Yao K, Fan W (2024) Personalized treatment approaches in intraocular cancer. Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aopr.2024.03.005","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res"},{"key":"4176_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcto3010001","author":"M Masalkhi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Masalkhi M, Wahoud N, Moran B, Elhassadi E (2025) Immunotherapy in ophthalmic oncology: current trends and future directions. J Clin Transl Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcto3010001","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4176_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14010134","author":"K Bilmin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bilmin K, Synoradzki KJ, Czarnecka AM, Spa\u0142ek MJ, Kujawska T, Solnik M, Merks P, Toro MD, Rejdak R, Fiedorowicz M (2022) New perspectives for eye-sparing treatment strategies in primary uveal melanoma. Cancers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14010134","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4176_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01780-w","volume":"9","author":"JH Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang JH, Gessler DJ, Zhan W, Gallagher TL, Gao G (2024) Adeno-associated virus as a delivery vector for gene therapy of Human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Therapy 9(1):78","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Therapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"4176_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-025-01330-8","volume":"26","author":"DU Kapoor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kapoor DU, Patel G, Prajapati BG (2025) Nanomedicine-based treatments for rare and aggressive ocular cancers: advances in drug delivery. Curr Treat Opt Oncol 26(7):569\u2013586","journal-title":"Curr Treat Opt Oncol"},{"key":"4176_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S532074","author":"X Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin X, Zhou Y, Lv K, Wu W, Chen C (2025) Nanomedicine-based ophthalmic drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular diseases. Int J Nanomed. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S532074","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"4176_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2024.12.001","volume":"5","author":"S Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma S, In\u2019t Veld RV, de Los PE, Ossendorp FA, Jager MJ (2025) Targeting ocular malignancies using a novel light-activated virus-like drug conjugate. Adv Ophthalmol Prac Res 5(1):49\u201357","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Prac Res"},{"key":"4176_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072441","author":"JH Francis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Francis JH, Gobin YP, Dunkel IJ, Marr BP, Brodie SE, Jonna G, Abramson DH (2013) Carboplatin +\/\u2212 topotecan ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for intraocular retinoblastoma. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0072441","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4176_CR51","unstructured":"Nagaraj, Gayathri (2025) Hemonc.org. (accessed on 18 November 2025). https:\/\/hemonc.org\/wiki\/Drug_index."},{"key":"4176_CR52","unstructured":"Ayoola O. Awosika, Jameshia Below, Joe M. Das (2023) Vincristine. Starpearls"},{"key":"4176_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17091403","author":"K Hanratty","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hanratty K, Finegan G, Rochfort KD, Kennedy S (2025) Current treatment of uveal melanoma. Cancers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17091403","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"4176_CR54","unstructured":"Drug Bank (2025) (accessed on 18 November 2025). https:\/\/go.drugbank.com\/drugs\/DB09074."},{"issue":"2","key":"4176_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c02002","volume":"67","author":"M Visser","year":"2025","unstructured":"Visser M, Papillon J, Luzzio M, LaMarche MJ, Fan J (2025) Discovery of darovasetib (NVP-LXS-196) a Pan-PKC inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma. J Med Chem 67(2):1447\u20131459","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"4176_CR56","unstructured":"Rodrigues, Dr Manuel (2025) Institut Curie. ESMO. (accessed on 18 November 2025. https:\/\/institut-curie.org\/news\/metastatic-uveal-melanoma."},{"key":"4176_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.9597","author":"AM Di Giacomo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Giacomo AM, Simonelli M, Santangelo F, Amato G, Simonetti E, Graham J, Lahn MMF (2024) Roginolisib, an oral, highly selective and allosteric modulator of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor delta (PI3K\u03b4) in patients with uveal melanoma and advanced cancers. J Clin Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.9597","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4176_CR58","unstructured":"Moffitt, H. Lee (2025) Study of Cemiplimab Plus Ziv-Aflibercept for Subjects With Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06121180"},{"key":"4176_CR59","unstructured":"Orcione, Renee (2025) Melanoma Research Alliance. (accessed on 18 November 2025). https:\/\/www.curemelanoma.org\/blog\/melanoma-clinical-trials-to-watch-fall-2025."},{"key":"4176_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2025.43.16_suppl.9509","author":"MS Carlino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Carlino MS, Dummer R, Gromke T, Hassel JC, Kapiteijn E, Kee D, Piperno-Neumann S (2025) A first-in-human study of DYP688, an antibody drug conjugate delivering a direct Gq\/11 inhibitor, in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) and other GNAQ\/11 mutant melanomas. J Clin Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2025.43.16_suppl.9509","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4176_CR61","unstructured":"Kiora Pharmaceuticals (2025) Kiora Pharmaceuticals Reports Third Quarter Results. 2025. (accessed on 18 November 2025). https:\/\/ir.kiorapharma.com\/news-events\/news-releases\/detail\/241\/kiora-pharmaceuticals-reports-third-quarter-2025-results-company-advances-pipeline-with-two-actively-enrolling-phase-2-clinical-trials-for-retinal-diseases"},{"key":"4176_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509645","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1509645","volume":"12","author":"C Larrosa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Larrosa C, Simao-Rafael M, Salvador N, Mu\u00f1oz JP, Lavarino C, Chantada G, Mora J (2025) Case Report: successful treatment of metastatic retinoblastoma with CNS involvement with anti-GD2 immunotherapy, intrathecal topotecan and reduced systemic chemotherapy. Front Pediatrics 12:1509645","journal-title":"Front Pediatrics"},{"key":"4176_CR63","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (2020) For Childhood Eye Cancer. Researchers Investigating \u201cPackaged\u201d CAR T Cells. (accessed on 28 November 2025). https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/news-events\/cancer-currents-blog\/2020\/retinoblastoma-car-t-cell-therapy-hydrogel"},{"key":"4176_CR64","unstructured":"UNC (2020) Therapy using immune system cells preserves vision in mice implanted with rare eye cancer. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre (accessed on 2 February 2026). Therapy using immune system cells preserves vision in mice implanted with rare eye cancer - UNC Lineberger"},{"key":"4176_CR65","unstructured":"Press Release (2025) Personalized Cancer Vaccine Proves Promising in a Phase 1 Trial at Mount Sinai (accessed on 28 November 2025). https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/about\/newsroom\/2025\/personalized-cancer-vaccine-proves-promising-in-a-phase-1-trial-at-mount-sinai"},{"issue":"8","key":"4176_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16081046","volume":"16","author":"R Reschke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reschke R, Enk AH, Hassel JC (2024) T Cell-engaging bispecific antibodies targeting gp100 and PRAME: expanding application from uveal melanoma to cutaneous melanoma. Pharmaceutics 16(8):1046","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"4176_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.15.31","author":"H Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi H, He X, Yang Z, Liao Q, Ruan J, Ge S, Chai P, Jia R, Fan J, Wen X, Fan X (2023) The use of rAAV2-RB1\u2013mediated gene therapy in retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.64.15.31","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4176_CR68","unstructured":"Clinical Trial (2025) A Phase I\/II, multi-center, open label study of DYP688 in patients with MUM and other GNAQ\/11 mutant melanomas (study CDYP688A12101) (accessed on 2 February 2026). A Phase I\/II, multi-center, open label study of DYP688 in patients with MUM and other GNAQ\/11 mutant melanomas (study CDYP688A12101)"},{"key":"4176_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.060","author":"I Ahmad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmad I, Pandit J, Sultana Y, Mishra AK, Hazari PP, Aqil M (2019) Optimization by design of etoposide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery: characterization, pharmacokinetic and deposition study. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.060","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"4176_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.03.036","author":"W Qu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qu W, Meng B, Yu Y, Wang S (2017) EpCAM antibody-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles to enhance the anticancer efficacy of carboplatin in retinoblastoma. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2017.03.036","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"4176_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v18i1.12727","author":"E Delrish","year":"2023","unstructured":"Delrish E, Jabbarvand M, Ghassemi F, Asadi Amoli F, Atyabi F, Keshel SH, Lashay A, Tekie FSM, Soleimani M, Dinarvand R (2023) The antitumor effect of topotecan loaded thiolated chitosan-dextran nanoparticles for intravitreal chemotherapy: a xenograft retinoblastoma model. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/jovr.v18i1.12727","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"4176_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2024.2357191","author":"A Ivanov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ivanov A, Getova-Kolarova V, Belcheva V, Grigorov E (2024) Research and pilot analysis of bevacizumab repurposing potential and its impact in clinical practice. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13102818.2024.2357191","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip"},{"issue":"6","key":"4176_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e328358b373","volume":"22","author":"A Manipal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manipal A, Tiajni L, Chan K, Laudadio M, Mastrangelo MJ, TSato (2012) A pilot study of sunitinib malate in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Melanoma Res 22(6):440\u2013446","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"4176_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13030101","author":"AV Vasiliadis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vasiliadis AV, Koukoulias N, Katakalos K (2022) From three-dimensional (3D)- to 6D-printing technology in orthopedics: science fiction or scientific reality? J Funct Biomater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb13030101","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"key":"4176_CR75","first-page":"249","volume":"14","author":"A Agrawal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Agrawal A, Jain SD, Ghosi A, Dangi S, Shaikh A, Gupta AK (2025) 6D Printing: a frontier in smart delivery of vaccines and biologic therapeutics. World J Pharm Res 14:249\u2013263","journal-title":"World J Pharm Res"},{"key":"4176_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-025-00337-6","author":"H Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim H, Ngo G-H, Hong W, Lee SH, Mahajan VB, DeBoer C (2025) 3D bioprinting of cellular therapeutic systems in ophthalmology: from bioengineered tissue to personalized drug delivery. Curr Ophthalmol Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40135-025-00337-6","journal-title":"Curr Ophthalmol Rep"},{"key":"4176_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414221106682","author":"Y Fakhoury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fakhoury Y, Ellabban A, Attia U, Sallam A, Elsherbiny S (2022) Three-dimensional printing in ophthalmology and eye care: current applications and future developments. Ther Adv Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25158414221106682","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4176_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ace9a4","author":"E Amiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amiri E, Sanjarnia P, Sadri B, Jafarkhani S (2023) Recent advances and future directions of 3D to 6D printing in brain cancer treatment and neural tissue engineering. Biomed Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ace9a4","journal-title":"Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"4176_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhip.2025.09.003","volume":"6","author":"J Tekawade","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tekawade J, Barse R, Jagtap V (2025) Holistic insights of 6D printing in healthcare. J Holist Integr Pharm 6(3):263\u2013275","journal-title":"J Holist Integr Pharm"},{"key":"4176_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-025-01476-4","author":"SR do Amaral","year":"2025","unstructured":"do Amaral SR, Atanasov AP, de Souza DCM (2025) 3D bioprinted melanoma models: a novel paradigm for the assessment of anticancer strategies combining PDT and drug delivery systems. BioMed Eng Online. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12938-025-01476-4","journal-title":"BioMed Eng Online"},{"key":"4176_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v15i6.7229","author":"AV Korde","year":"2025","unstructured":"Korde AV, Hiwe KA, Bakal RL, Hatwar PR, Sune PS (2025) Ocuserts: a novel ocular drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22270\/jddt.v15i6.7229","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Ther"},{"issue":"01","key":"4176_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.30574\/wjbphs.2023.13.1.0025","volume":"13","author":"N Nagpal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nagpal N, Singh S, Mir PA, Chhina MS, Arora M, Kaur DJ, Kumar R, Sharma A, Kumar N (2023) Ocuserts: a Novel Ocular-drug delivery method: an update. World J Biol Pharm Health Sci 13(01):470\u2013477","journal-title":"World J Biol Pharm Health Sci"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04176-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04176-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04176-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T08:09:02Z","timestamp":1784189342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04176-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-026-04176-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"294"}}