{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T22:02:50Z","timestamp":1793484170365,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]],"date-time":"2016-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]],"date-time":"2016-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH095969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH095969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH056630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH056630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008590","name":"Dr. Ralph and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006948","name":"FISA Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006948","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008360","name":"Hamilton Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Abnorm Child Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-016-0231-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T23:55:21Z","timestamp":1479513321000},"page":"1133-1145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Longitudinal Profiles of Girls\u2019 Irritable, Defiant and Antagonistic Oppositional Symptoms: Evidence for Group Based Differences in Symptom Severity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Khrista","family":"Boylan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Duku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin","family":"Waldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Stepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Hipwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"231_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12233","volume":"55","author":"RR Althoff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Althoff, R. R., Kuny-Slock, A. V., Verhulst, F. C., Hudziak, J. J., & van der Ende, J. (2014). Classes of oppositional-defiant behavior: concurrent and predictive validity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 1162\u20131171.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR2","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (2013). (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"231_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199609000-00018","volume":"35","author":"A Angold","year":"1996","unstructured":"Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (1996). Toward establishing an empirical basis for the diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1205\u20131212.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179700593X","volume":"28","author":"A Angold","year":"1998","unstructured":"Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Worthman, C. M. (1998). Puberty and depression: the roles of age, pubertal status and pubertal timing. Psychological Medicine, 28, 51\u201361.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"231_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199704000-00018","volume":"36","author":"B Birmaher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & McKenzie Neer, S. (1997). The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545\u2013553.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2004.00755.x","volume":"75","author":"IL Bongers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bongers, I. L., Koot, H. M., van der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2004). Developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Child Development, 75, 1523\u20131537.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"231_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0277-7","volume":"43","author":"KR Boylan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boylan, K. R., Vaillancourt, T., & Szatmari, P. (2012). Linking oppositional behaviour trajectories to the development of depressive symptoms in childhood. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43, 484\u2013497.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry and Human Development"},{"key":"231_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02598.x","volume":"53","author":"JD Burke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burke, J. D. (2012). An affective dimension within oppositional defiant disorder symptoms among boys: personality and psychopathology outcomes into early childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 1176\u20131183.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR9","first-page":"319","volume":"17","author":"J Burke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burke, J., & Loeber, R. (2010). Oppositional defiant disorder and the explanation of the comorbidity between behavioral disorders and depression. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17, 319\u2013326.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"231_CR10","first-page":"484","volume":"49","author":"JD Burke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burke, J. D., Hipwell, A. E., & Loeber, R. (2010). Dimensions of oppositional defiant disorder as predictors of depression and conduct disorder in preadolescent girls. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 484\u2013492.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12150","volume":"55","author":"JD Burke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burke, J. D., Rowe, R., & Boylan, K. (2014). Functional outcomes of child and adolescent oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in young adult men. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 264\u2013272.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1086\/231402","volume":"103","author":"A D\u2019Unger","year":"1998","unstructured":"D\u2019Unger, A., Land, K. C., McCall, P. L., & Nagin, D. S. (1998). How many latent classes of delinquent\/criminal careers? Results from mixed Poisson regression analyses of the London, Philadelphia and Racine cohort studies. American Journal of Sociology, 103, 1593\u20131960.","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"231_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.01.010","volume":"51","author":"DAG Drabick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Drabick, D. A. G., & Gadow, K. D. (2012). Deconstructing oppositional defiant disorder: clinic-based evidence for an anger\/irritability phenotype. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51, 384\u2013393.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR14","unstructured":"Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (1994). Child symptom inventories manual. Stony Brook: Checkmate Plus. 53, 1128\u20131138."},{"key":"231_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gadow, K. D. &, Drabick, D. A. (2012). Anger and irritability symptoms among youth with ODD: cross-informant versus source-exclusive syndromes. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 1073\u201385.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9637-4"},{"key":"231_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.1.128","volume":"107","author":"BL Hankin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A., McGee, R., & Angell, K. E. (1998). Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 128\u2013140.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"231_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12423","volume":"57","author":"K Herzhoff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herzhoff, K., & Tackett, J. L. (2016). Subfactors of oppositional defiant disorder: converging evidence from structural and latent class analyses. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57, 18\u201329.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.489","volume":"12","author":"AE Hipwell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hipwell, A. E., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Keenan, K., White, H. R., & Kroneman, L. (2002). Characteristics of girls with early onset disruptive and antisocial behaviour. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 12, 99\u2013118.","journal-title":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"},{"key":"231_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199912000-00019","volume":"38","author":"PS Jensen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jensen, P. S., Rubio-Stipec, M., Canino, G., Bird, H. R., Dulcan, M. K., Schwab-Stone, M. E., & Lahey, B. B. (1999). Parent and child contributions to diagnosis of mental disorder: are both informants always necessary? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1569\u20131579.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124106292364","volume":"35","author":"BL Jones","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jones, B. L., & Nagin, D. S. (2007). Advances in group-based trajectory modeling and an SAS procedure for estimating them. Sociological Methods & Research, 35, 542\u2013571.","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"key":"231_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124101029003005","volume":"29","author":"BL Jones","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jones, B. L., Nagin, D. S., & Roeder, K. (2001). A SAS procedure based on mixture models for estimating developmental trajectories. Sociological Methods & Research, 29, 373\u2013394.","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"key":"231_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x","volume":"2","author":"T Jung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jung, T., & Wickrama, T. A. S. (2008). An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modelling. Social and Personality Psychology, 2, 302\u2013317.","journal-title":"Social and Personality Psychology"},{"key":"231_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021811307364","volume":"2","author":"K Keenan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Keenan, K., Loeber, R., & Green, S. (1999). Conduct disorder in girls: a review of the literature. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2, 3\u201319.","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"231_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2010.486320","volume":"39","author":"K Keenan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keenan, K., Hipwell, A., Chung, T., Stepp, S., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., & McTigue, K. (2010). The Pittsburgh girls study: overview and initial findings. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 39, 506\u2013521.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"231_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.10.005","volume":"52","author":"AV Kuny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuny, A. V., Althoff, R. R., Copeland, W., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Baer, J., & Hudziak, J. J. (2013). Separating the domains of oppositional behavior: comparing latent models of the conners\u2019 oppositional subscale. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52, 172.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9919-0","volume":"43","author":"JV Lavigne","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lavigne, J. V., Bryant, F., Hopkins, J., & Gouze, K. (2014). Dimensions of oppositional defiant disorder in young children: model comparisons, gender and longitudinal invariance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43, 423\u2013439.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"231_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9908-3","volume":"43","author":"BJ Leadbeater","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leadbeater, B. J., & Homel, J. (2015). Irritable and defiant sub-dimensions of ODD: their stability and prediction of internalizing symptoms and conduct problems from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43, 407\u2013421.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"231_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.694608","volume":"41","author":"BJ Leadbeater","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leadbeater, B. J., Thompson, K., & Gruppuso, V. (2012). Co-occurring trajectories of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and oppositional defiance from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41, 719\u2013730.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"231_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20176","volume":"14","author":"JE Lochman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lochman, J. E., Evans, S. C., Burke, J. D., Roberts, M. C., Fite, P. J., Reed, G. M., de la la Pe\u00f1a, F. R., Matthys, W., Ezpeleta, L., Siddiqui, S., & Elena Garralda, M. (2015). An empirically based alternative to DSM-5\u2019s disruptive mood dysregulation disorder for ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 14, 30\u201333.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02070.x","volume":"24","author":"B Muth\u00e9n","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, B., & Muth\u00e9n, L. K. (2000). Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analyses: growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, 882\u2013891.","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"231_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041318","volume-title":"Group-based modeling of development","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nagin, D. S. (2005). Group-based modeling of development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"231_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00086","volume":"70","author":"D Nagin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nagin, D., & Tremblay, R. E. (1999). Trajectories of boys\u2019 physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and nonviolent juvenile delinquency. Child Development, 70, 1181\u20131196.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"231_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2307\/271063","volume":"25","author":"AE Raftery","year":"1995","unstructured":"Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayesian model selection in social research. Sociological Methodology, 25, 111\u2013164.","journal-title":"Sociological Methodology"},{"key":"231_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474179","volume":"94","author":"K Roeder","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roeder, K., Lynch, K., & Nagin, D. (1999). Modeling uncertainty in latent class membership: a case study in criminology. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94, 766\u2013776.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"231_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005299429060","volume":"29","author":"KD Rudolph","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rudolph, K. D., & Clark, A. G. (2001). Conceptions of relationships in children with depressive and aggressive symptoms: social-cognitive distortion or reality? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 41\u201356.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"231_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01989.x","volume":"50","author":"A Stringaris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stringaris, A., & Goodman, R. (2009). Three dimensions of oppositionality in youth. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 50, 216\u2013223.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry"},{"key":"231_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.6.1220","volume":"42","author":"M Wiesner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wiesner, M., & Kim, H. K. (2006). Co-occurring delinquency and depressive symptoms of adolescent boys and girls: a dual trajectory modeling approach. Developmental Psychology, 42, 122\u2013135.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10802-016-0231-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-016-0231-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-016-0231-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:58:28Z","timestamp":1657760308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10802-016-0231-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-016-0231-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-0627","1573-2835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-0627","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 November 2016","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The Pittsburgh Girls Study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH056630), the FISA Foundation and the Falk Fund. The manuscript preparation was supported by an early career award to Dr. Boylan from the Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation, and a grant to Dr. Burke (MH095969) from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Drs Boylan, Rowe, Duku, Waldman, Stepp, Hipwell and Burke have no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the instutitional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}