{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T20:52:02Z","timestamp":1793911922509,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-023-01048-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T08:03:34Z","timestamp":1681200214000},"page":"1273-1287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Childhood Trauma and PTSD Symptoms: Disentangling the Roles of Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1200-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna E.","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepali M.","family":"Dhruve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arazais D.","family":"Oliveros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akbari, M., Hosseini, Z. S., Seydavi, M., Zegel, M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2021). Distress tolerance and posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 51(1), 42\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16506073.2021.1942541","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2021.1942541"},{"issue":"6","key":"1048_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9314-4","volume":"37","author":"LRA Alink","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alink, L. R. A., Cicchetti, D., Kim, J., & Rogosch, F. A. (2009). Mediating and moderating processes in the relation between maltreatment and psychopathology: Mother-child relationship quality and emotion regulation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(6), 831\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-009-9314-4","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1048_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1037\/cns0000024","volume":"1","author":"V Ameral","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ameral, V., Palm Reed, K. M., Cameron, A., & Armstrong, J. L. (2014). What are measures of distress tolerance really capturing? A mixed methods analysis. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1(4), 357\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cns0000024","journal-title":"Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice"},{"key":"1048_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2011.631526","volume":"26","author":"C Andreotti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andreotti, C., Thigpen, J., Dunn, M., Watson, K., Potts, J., Reising, M., Robinson, K., Rodriguez, E., Roubinov, D., Luecken, L., & Compas, B. (2013). Cognitive reappraisal and secondary control coping: Associations with working memory, positive and negative affect, and symptoms of anxiety\/depression. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 26(1), 20\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10615806.2011.631526","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress & Coping"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1048_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559514548315","volume":"19","author":"AM Arens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arens, A. M., Gaher, R. M., Simons, J. S., & Dvorak, R. D. (2014). Child maltreatment and deliberate self-harm: A negative binomial hurdle model for explanatory constructs. Child Maltreatment, 19(3\u20134), 168\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559514548315","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"1048_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ashbaugh, A. R., Houle-Johnson, S., Herbert, C., El-Hage, W., & Brunet, A. (2016). Psychometric validation of the English and French versions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). PloS One, 11(10), e0161645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0161645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161645"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2012.07.007","volume":"44","author":"CL Badour","year":"2013","unstructured":"Badour, C. L., & Feldner, M. T. (2013). Trauma-related reactivity and regulation of emotion: Associations with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 44(1), 69\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2012.07.007","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"1048_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2017.01.004","volume":"47","author":"AN Banducci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Banducci, A. N., Connolly, K. M., Vujanovic, A. A., Alvarez, J., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2017). The impact of changes in distress tolerance on PTSD symptom severity post-treatment among veterans in residential trauma treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 47, 99\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2017.01.004","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"1048_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.12.007","volume":"38","author":"AN Banducci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Banducci, A. N., Hoffman, E. M., Lejuez, C. W., & Koenen, K. C. (2014). The impact of childhood abuse on inpatient substance users: Specific links with risky sex, aggression, and emotion dysregulation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(5), 928\u2013938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.12.007","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.01.003","volume":"27","author":"JR Bardeen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bardeen, J. R., Kumpula, M. J., & Orcutt, H. K. (2013). Emotion regulation difficulties as a prospective predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a mass shooting. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(2), 188\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.01.003","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(01)80017-1","volume":"8","author":"CB Becker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Becker, C. B., & Zayfert, C. (2001). Integrating DBT-based techniques and concepts to facilitate exposure treatment for PTSD. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 8(2), 107\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1077-7229(01)80017-1","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice"},{"key":"1048_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-012-9471-6","volume":"37","author":"A Bernstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bernstein, A., & Brantz, H. (2013). Tolerance of negative affective states (TNAS): Development and evaluation of a novel construct and measure. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 421\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-012-9471-6","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"1048_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22291","volume":"31","author":"RM Birn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Birn, R. M., Patriat, R., Phillips, M. L., Germain, A., & Herringa, R. J. (2014). Childhood maltreatment and combat posttraumatic stress differentially predict fear-related fronto-subcortical connectivity. Depression and Anxiety, 31(10), 880\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22291","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"6","key":"1048_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","volume":"28","author":"CA Blevins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22059","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"11","key":"1048_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","volume":"28","author":"MJ Bovin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bovin, M. J., Marx, B. P., Weathers, F. W., Gallagher, M. W., Rodriguez, P., Schnurr, P. P., & Keane, T. M. (2016). Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1379\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000254","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"1048_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024409817437","volume":"16","author":"RG Bradley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bradley, R. G., & Follingstad, D. R. (2003). Group therapy for incarcerated women who experienced interpersonal violence: A pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(4), 337\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1024409817437","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.214","volume":"162","author":"RG Bradley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bradley, R. G., Greene, J., Russ, E. U., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005). A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 214\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.214","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"1048_CR19","unstructured":"Briere, J. N. (1992). Child abuse trauma: Theory and treatment of the lasting effects. Sage Publications, Inc."},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20317","volume":"21","author":"JN Briere","year":"2008","unstructured":"Briere, J. N., Kaltman, S., & Green, B. L. (2008). Accumulated childhood trauma and symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(2), 223\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20317","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"8","key":"1048_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.04.016","volume":"38","author":"JY Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi, J. Y., Choi, Y. M., Gim, M. S., Park, J. H., & Park, S. H. (2014). The effects of childhood abuse on symptom complexity in a clinical sample: Mediating effects of emotion regulation difficulties. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(8), 1313\u20131319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.04.016","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80060-7","volume":"36","author":"M Cloitre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cloitre, M., Miranda, R., Stovall-McClough, K. C., & Han, H. (2005). Beyond PTSD: Emotion regulation and interpersonal problems as predictors of functional impairment in survivors of childhood abuse. Behavior Therapy, 36(2), 119\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80060-7","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"1048_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20444","volume":"22","author":"M Cloitre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cloitre, M., Stolbach, B. C., Herman, J. L., van der Kolk, B., Pynoos, R., Wang, J., & Petkova, E. (2009). A developmental approach to complex PTSD: Childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(5), 399\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20444","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"1048_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1993.1028","volume":"16","author":"BE Compas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Compas, B. E., Orosan, P. G., & Grant, K. E. (1993). Adolescent stress and coping: Implications for psychopathology during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 16(3), 331\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jado.1993.1028","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"1048_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.577","volume":"64","author":"WE Copeland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Copeland, W. E., Keeler, G., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2007). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(5), 577\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.577","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.003","volume":"46","author":"MG Craske","year":"2008","unstructured":"Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zelikowsky, M., Mystkowski, J., Chowdhury, N., & Baker, A. (2008). Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 5\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"1048_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.01.008","volume":"28","author":"M Dong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dong, M., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Williamson, D. F., Thompson, T. J., Loo, C. M., & Giles, W. H. (2004). The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(7), 771\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.01.008","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect: THe International Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"1048_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.09.004","volume":"50","author":"DM Dunkley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dunkley, D. M., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., & McGlashan, T. H. (2009). Self-criticism versus neuroticism in predicting depression and psychosocial impairment for 4 years in a clinical sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50(4), 335\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.09.004","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"1048_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.05.014","volume":"51","author":"CP Fairholme","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fairholme, C. P., Nosen, E. L., Nillni, Y. I., Schumacher, J. A., Tull, M. T., & Coffey, S. F. (2013). Sleep disturbance and emotion dysregulation as transdiagnostic processes in a comorbid sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(9), 540\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2013.05.014","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"1048_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"1048_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fetzner, M. G., Peluso, D. L., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2014). Tolerating distress after trauma: Differential associations between distress tolerance and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavior Assessment, 36, 475\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-014-9413-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-014-9413-6"},{"issue":"7","key":"1048_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133481","volume":"10","author":"AL Finlay-Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finlay-Jones, A. L., Rees, C. S., & Kane, R. T. (2015). Self-Compassion, emotion regulation and stress among Australian psychologists: Testing an emotion regulation model of self-compassion using structural equation modeling. PLoS ONE, 10(7), 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0133481","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1048_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M.\nJ. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information. Psychological\nBulletin, 99, 20-35.\u00a0","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20"},{"key":"1048_CR34","unstructured":"Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M.\nJ. (1991). Emotional processing: Theory, research, and clinical implications\nfor anxiety disorders. In J. D. Safran & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.),\u00a0Emotion,\npsychotherapy, and change\u00a0(pp. 21\u201349). The Guilford Press."},{"key":"1048_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., & Rothbaum, B. O., & Rauch, S. A. M. (2019). Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences: Therapist guide (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195308501.001.0001","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195308501.001.0001"},{"key":"1048_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cps0000111","volume-title":"The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) checklist for DSM\u20135: a systematic review of existing psychometric evidence","author":"SR Forkus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Forkus, S. R., Raudales, A. M., Rafiuddin, H. S., Weiss, N. H., Messman, B. A., & Contractor, A. A. (2022). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) checklist for DSM\u20135: A systematic review of existing psychometric evidence. Science and Practice. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cps0000111"},{"issue":"4","key":"1048_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022405","volume":"100","author":"P Frazier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frazier, P., Keenan, N., Anders, S., Perera, S., Shallcross, S., & Hintz, S. (2011). Perceived past, present, and future control and adjustment to stressful life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(4), 749\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0022405","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"1048_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18(3), 233\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"1048_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21819","volume":"26","author":"RE Goldsmith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldsmith, R. E., Chesney, S. A., Heath, N. M., & Barlow, M. R. (2013). Emotion regulation difficulties mediate associations between betrayal trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(3), 376\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.21819","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"1048_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.01.005","volume":"46","author":"F Gould","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gould, F., Clarke, J., Heim, C., Harvey, P. D., Majer, M., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2012). The effects of child abuse and neglect on cognitive functioning in adulthood. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(4), 500\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.01.005","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94","volume":"26","author":"KL Gratz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.1.224","volume":"74","author":"JJ Gross","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74(1), 224\u2013237.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality & Social Psychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1048_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000120","volume":"84","author":"CA Gutner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gutner, C. A., Suvak, M. K., Sloan, D. M., & Resick, P. A. (2016). Does timing matter? Examining the impact of session timing on outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(12), 1108\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000120","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1048_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559514539753","volume":"19","author":"MJ Hagan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hagan, M. J., Roubinov, D. S., Mistler, A. K., & Luecken, L. J. (2014). Mental health outcomes in emerging adults exposed to childhood maltreatment: The moderating role of stress reactivity. Child Maltreatment, 19(3\u20134), 156\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559514539753","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x","volume":"45","author":"J Hardt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hardt, J., & Rutter, M. (2004). Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: Review of the evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 45(2), 260\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"4","key":"1048_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360","volume":"76","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03637750903310360","journal-title":"Communication Monographs"},{"key":"1048_CR47","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications."},{"issue":"3","key":"1048_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/bmsp.12028","volume":"67","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2014). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 67(3), 451\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bmsp.12028","journal-title":"British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1048_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03395492","volume":"54","author":"SC Hayes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., Polusny, M. A., Dykstra, T. A., Batten, S. V., Bergan, J., Stewart, S. H., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., Bond, F. W., Forsyth, J. P., Karekla, M., & McCurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. Psychological Record, 54(4), 553\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03395492","journal-title":"Psychological Record"},{"key":"1048_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heim, C., Newport, J., Wagner, D., Wilcox, M. M., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2002). The role of early adverse experience and adulthood stress in the prediction of neuroendocrine stress reactivity in women: A multiple regression analysis. Depression & Anxiety (1091\u20134269), 15(3), 117\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.10015","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10015"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.09.003","volume":"28","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hofmann, S. G., & Asmundson, G. J. (2008). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy: New wave or old hat? Clinical Psychology Review, 28(1), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.09.003","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"1048_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445515619596","volume":"40","author":"ER Jeffries","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeffries, E. R., McLeish, A. C., Kraemer, K. M., Avallone, K. M., & Fleming, J. B. (2016). The role of distress tolerance in the use of specific emotion regulation strategies. Behavior Modification, 40(3), 439\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145445515619596","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"key":"1048_CR53","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"RB Kline","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.","edition":"4"},{"key":"1048_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koball, A. M., Himes, S.\nM., Sim, L., Clark, M. M., Collazo-Clavell, M. L., Mundi, M., Kellogg, T.,\nGraszer, K., & Grothe, K. B. (2016). Distress tolerance and psychological comorbidity in patients seeking bariatric surgery.\u00a0Obesity Surgery,\u00a026(7),\n1559\u20131564.\u00a0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1926-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2017.06.004","volume":"2","author":"L Kratzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kratzer, L., Heinz, P., Pfitzer, F., Padberg, F., Jobst, A., & Schennach, R. (2018). Mindfulness and pathological dissociation fully mediate the association of childhood abuse and PTSD symptomatology. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2(1), 5\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejtd.2017.06.004","journal-title":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation"},{"key":"1048_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lass, A. N. S., & Winer, E. S. (2020). Distress tolerance and symptoms of depression: A review and integration of literature. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 27(3), e12336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0101778.supp","DOI":"10.1037\/h0101778.supp"},{"issue":"9","key":"1048_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22297","volume":"72","author":"DJ Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, D. J., Witte, T. K., Bardeen, J. R., Davis, M. T., & Weathers, F. W. (2016). A factor analytic evaluation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(9), 933\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.22297","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1048_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019712","volume":"136","author":"TM Leyro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leyro, T. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2010). Distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders: A review of the empirical literature among adults. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 576\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0019712","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/1078390317710313","volume":"24","author":"Y Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, Y., & Seng, J. S. (2018). Child maltreatment trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and cortisol levels in women: A literature review. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 24(1), 35\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1078390317710313","journal-title":"Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association"},{"key":"1048_CR60","volume-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders","author":"MM Linehan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Linehan, M. M. (1993). Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Guilford Press."},{"key":"1048_CR61","unstructured":"MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Taylor & Francis Group\/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"1048_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marshall, B. E. C., Vujanovic, A. A., Bonn, M. M. O., Bernstein, A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2010). Multimethod study of distress tolerance and PTSD symptom severity in a trauma-exposed community sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(5), 623\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20568","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20568"},{"issue":"5","key":"1048_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.311","volume":"40","author":"HA Marusak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marusak, H. A., Martin, K. R., Etkin, A., & Thomason, M. E. (2015). Childhood trauma exposure disrupts the automatic regulation of emotional processing. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40(5), 1250\u20131258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2014.311","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1048_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-010-9295-1","volume":"35","author":"R McHugh","year":"2011","unstructured":"McHugh, R., Daughters, S., Lejuez, C., Murray, H., Hearon, B., Gorka, S., & Otto, M. (2011). Shared variance among self-report and behavioral measures of distress intolerance. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(3), 266\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-010-9295-1","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-012-9463-6","volume":"37","author":"R McHugh","year":"2013","unstructured":"McHugh, R., Reynolds, E., Leyro, T., & Otto, M. (2013). An examination of the association of distress intolerance and emotion regulation with avoidance. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 37(2), 363\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-012-9463-6","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy & Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"1048_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2019.03.006","volume":"50","author":"McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Gallagher, T., Suzuki, N., Yarvis, J. S., Litz, B. T., Mintz, J., Young-McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Foa, E. B., & STRONG STAR Consortium","year":"2019","unstructured":"McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Gallagher, T., Suzuki, N., Yarvis, J. S., Litz, B. T., Mintz, J., Young-McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Foa, E. B., & STRONG STAR Consortium. (2019). Trauma-related cognitions and cognitive emotion regulation as mediators of PTSD change among treatment-seeking active-duty military personnel with PTSD. Behavior Therapy, 50(6), 1053\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2019.03.006","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"1048_CR67","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Emotion regulation and psychopathology: a transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment","author":"DS Mennin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2010). Emotion regulation as an integrative framework for understanding and treating psychopathology. In A. M. Kring & D. M. Sloan (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 356\u2013379). The Guilford Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"1048_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1037\/h0099838","volume":"20","author":"S Murphy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murphy, S., Shevlin, M., Armour, C., Elklit, A., & Christoffersen, M. N. (2014). Childhood adversity and PTSD experiences: Testing a multiple mediator model. Traumatology, 20(3), 225\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0099838","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"1048_CR69","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"FH Norris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Norris, F. H., & Hamblen, J. L. (2004). Standardized self-report measures of civilian trauma and PTSD. In J. P. Wilson, T. M. Keane, & T. Martin (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 63\u2013102). Guilford Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037764","volume":"7","author":"EM O'Bryan","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Bryan, E. M., McLeish, A. C., Kraemer, K. M., & Fleming, J. B. (2015). Emotion regulation difficulties and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom cluster severity among trauma-exposed college students. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 7(2), 131\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0037764","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy"},{"key":"1048_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pan, M. C., & Yang, E. (2021). PTSD symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, and family functioning among trauma-exposed college students. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-021-01896-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01896-0"},{"key":"1048_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.12.011","volume":"61","author":"A Powers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Powers, A., Cross, D., Fani, N., & Bradley, B. (2015). PTSD, emotion dysregulation, and dissociative symptoms in a highly traumatized sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 61, 174\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.12.011","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"1048_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1154-2","volume":"47","author":"LE Prino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prino, L. E., Longobardi, C., & Settanni, M. (2018). Young adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: Prevalence of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse in Italy. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(6), 1769\u20131778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-018-1154-2","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09797-4","volume":"92","author":"T Qassem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qassem, T., Aly-ElGabry, D., Alzarouni, A., Abdel-Aziz, K., & Arnone, D. (2021). Psychiatric co-morbidities in post-traumatic stress disorder: Detailed findings from the adult psychiatric morbidity survey in the English population. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 92(1), 321\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11126-020-09797-4","journal-title":"The Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10879-006-9008-y","volume":"36","author":"S Rauch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rauch, S., & Foa, E. (2006). Emotional processing theory and exposure therapy for PTSD. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 36(2), 61\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10879-006-9008-y","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy: On the Cutting Edge of Modern Developments in Psychotherapy"},{"key":"1048_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.02.028","volume":"267","author":"AM Raudales","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raudales, A. M., Weiss, N. H., Schmidt, N. B., & Short, N. A. (2020). The role of emotion dysregulation in negative affect reactivity to a trauma cue: Differential associations through elicited posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 267, 203\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.02.028","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"1048_CR77","unstructured":"Resick, P. A., Monson, C. M., & Chard, K. M. (2017). Cognitive processing therapy for PTSD: A comprehensive manual. Guilford Publications."},{"issue":"4","key":"1048_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2017.10.4.283","volume":"10","author":"PL Rosencrans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosencrans, P. L., Bui, E., Rogers, A. H., Simon, N. M., & Baker, A. W. (2017). Disentangling distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and quality of life in childhood trauma and adult anxiety. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 10(4), 283\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/ijct.2017.10.4.283","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800102","volume":"8","author":"JL Schafer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schafer, J. L. (1999). Multiple imputation: A primer. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 8(1), 3\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096228029900800102","journal-title":"Statistical Methods in Medical Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"1048_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.103267","volume":"200","author":"KM Scott","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scott, K. M., McLaughlin, K. A., Smith, D. A., & Ellis, P. M. (2012). Childhood maltreatment and DSM-IV adult mental disorders: Comparison of prospective and retrospective findings. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(6), 469\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.103267","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry: THe Journal of Mental Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2014.980753","volume":"44","author":"AV Seligowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seligowski, A. V., Lee, D. J., Bardeen, J. R., & Orcutt, H. K. (2015). Emotion regulation and posttraumatic stress symptoms: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 44(2), 87\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16506073.2014.980753","journal-title":"Cognitive Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"1048_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.010","volume":"32","author":"A Shaffer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shaffer, A., Huston, L., & Egeland, B. (2008). Identification of child maltreatment using prospective and self-report methodologies: A comparison of maltreatment incidence and relation to later psychopathology. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(7), 682\u2013692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.010","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"1048_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.03.002","volume":"45","author":"L Shepherd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shepherd, L., & Wild, J. (2014). Emotion regulation, physiological arousal and PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed individuals. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 45(3), 360\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.03.002","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"1048_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Short, N., Norr, A., Mathes, B., Oglesby, M., & Schmidt, N. (2016). An Examination of the specific associations between facets of difficulties in emotion regulation and posttraumatic stress symptom clusters. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 40(6), 783\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-016-9787-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-016-9787-8"},{"key":"1048_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sicorello, M., Thome, J., Herzog, J., & Schmahl, C. (2020). Differential effects of early adversity and posttraumatic stress disorder on amygdala reactivity: The role of developmental timing. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.10.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.10.009"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-005-7955-3","volume":"29","author":"JS Simons","year":"2005","unstructured":"Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The distress tolerance scale: development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation & Emotion, 29(2), 83\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11031-005-7955-3","journal-title":"Motivation & Emotion"},{"key":"1048_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.03.002","volume":"67","author":"IM Steine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steine, I. M., Winje, D., Skogen, J. C., Krystal, J. H., Milde, A. M., Bjorvatn, B., Nordhus, I. H., Gr\u00f8nli, J., & Pallesen, S. (2017). Posttraumatic symptom profiles among adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A longitudinal study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 67, 280\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.03.002","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"1048_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-014-9656-8","volume":"30","author":"J Sundermann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sundermann, J., & DePrince, A. (2015). Maltreatment characteristics and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties as predictors of mental health symptoms: Results from a community-recruited sample of female adolescents. Journal of Family Violence, 30(3), 329\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-014-9656-8","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"issue":"3","key":"1048_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.10.001","volume":"38","author":"MT Tull","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tull, M. T., Barrett, H. M., McMillan, E. S., & Roemer, L. (2007). A preliminary investigation of the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 38(3), 303\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2006.10.001","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1048_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-020-00281-0","volume":"10","author":"R Von der Warth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Von der Warth, R., Hehn, P., Wolff, J., & Kaier, K. (2020). Hospital costs associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in somatic patients: A retrospective study. Health Economics Review, 10(1), 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13561-020-00281-0","journal-title":"Health Economics Review"},{"key":"1048_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vrana, S., & Lauterbach, D. (1994). Prevalence of traumatic events and post-traumatic psychological symptoms in a nonclinical sample of college students. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7(2), 289\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.2490070209","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490070209"},{"key":"1048_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.08.005","volume":"48","author":"AA Vujanovic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vujanovic, A. A., Dutcher, C. D., & Berenz, E. C. (2017). Multimodal examination of distress tolerance and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in acute-care psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 48, 45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.08.005","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"1048_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vujanovic, A. A., Litz, B. T., & Farris, S. G. (2015). Distress tolerance as risk and maintenance factor for PTSD: Empirical and clinical implications (pp. 1\u201313). In C. R. Martin, V. R. Preedy, & V. B. Patel (Eds.), Comprehensive guide to posttraumatic stress disorder. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-08613-2_66-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08613-2_66-1"},{"key":"1048_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vujanovic, A. A., & Zegel, M. (2020). Distress tolerance and posttraumatic stress. In M. T. Tull & N. A. Kimbrel (Eds.), Emotion in posttraumatic stress disorder (pp. 343\u2013376). New York, NY: Guilford Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-816022-0.00012-0","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816022-0.00012-0"},{"key":"1048_CR95","unstructured":"Weathers, F.W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Retrieved from the National Center for PTSD website: http:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov"},{"issue":"2","key":"1048_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801218766628","volume":"25","author":"AR Webermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Webermann, A. R., & Murphy, C. M. (2019). Childhood trauma and dissociative intimate partner violence. Violence against Women, 25(2), 148\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801218766628","journal-title":"Violence against Women"},{"issue":"12","key":"1048_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.12.1705","volume":"152","author":"R Yehuda","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yehuda, R., & McFarlane, A. C. (1995). Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(12), 1705\u20131713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.152.12.1705","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1048_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.03.008","volume":"38","author":"JC Young","year":"2014","unstructured":"Young, J. C., & Widom, C. S. (2014). Long-term effects of child abuse and neglect on emotion processing in adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(8), 1369\u20131381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.03.008","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"5","key":"1048_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-005-7263-y","volume":"34","author":"M Zeidner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zeidner, M. (2005). Contextual and personal predictors of adaptive outcomes under terror attack: The case of Israeli adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(5), 459\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-005-7263-y","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"1048_CR100","unstructured":"Zvolensky, M. J., Bernstein, A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2011). Distress tolerance: Theory, research, and clinical applications (M. J. Zvolensky, A. Bernstein, & A. A. Vujanovic (Eds.)). The Guilford Press."}],"container-title":["Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01048-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01048-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01048-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T07:05:28Z","timestamp":1693638328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01048-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01048-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-7166","2730-7174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-7166","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-7174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}