{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:07:32Z","timestamp":1768543652123,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSI2014-52605-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2014-52605-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSI2017-82550-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2017-82550-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-023-01052-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T03:23:04Z","timestamp":1679887384000},"page":"1037-1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Oppositional Defiant Disorder in the DSM-5: Does the Limited Prosocial Emotions Specifier Portend a More Severe Clinical Presentation?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Julie R.","family":"Chrysosferidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5602-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. Leonard","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9046-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore P.","family":"Beauchaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9846-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateu","family":"Servera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1052_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.","edition":"5"},{"key":"1052_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-021815093253","volume":"13","author":"TP Beauchaine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beauchaine, T. P., Zisner, A. R., & Sauder, C. L. (2017). Trait impulsivity and the externalizing spectrum. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 13, 343\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-021815093253","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"1052_CR3","volume-title":"The complexity of psychopathy, dangerous behavior in clinical and forensic psychology","author":"AP Bontemps","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bontemps, A. P., Batky, B. D., Mendez, B., & Salekin, R. T. (2022). Psychopathy and conduct disorder: do we need additional specifiers for adequate representation? In J. E. Vitale (Ed.), The complexity of psychopathy, dangerous behavior in clinical and forensic psychology. Springer."},{"key":"1052_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2021.04012","volume":"30","author":"JD Burke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burke, J. D., Johnston, O. G., & Butler, E. J. (2021). The irritable and oppositional dimensions of oppositional defiant disorder: integral factors in the explanation of affective and behavioral psychopathology. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 30, 637\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2021.04012","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"1052_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-022-00924-2","author":"JD Burke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burke, J. D., Johnson, O. G., & Perkins, A. G. (2022). Where should psychopathic traits be placed in a diagnostic framework: evidence for a grandiose-manipulative specifier for ODD. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-022-00924-2. Advance online publication.","journal-title":"Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"},{"key":"1052_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911211001929","volume":"29","author":"GL Burns","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burns, G. L., & Becker, S. P. (2022). Convergent and discriminant validity of the child and adolescent behavior inventory scale scores with well-established psychopathology and achievement measures in adolescents with ADHD. Assessment, 29, 1086\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10731911211001929","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"1052_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001148","volume":"34","author":"GL Burns","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burns, G. L., Geiser, C., Servera, M., & Becker, S. P. (2022). Consistency and source specificity of symptom ratings for child and adolescent behavior inventory scales with mother, father, and teacher ratings of Spanish children. Psychological Assessment, 34, 827\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0001148","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"1052_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2020.1852943","author":"GL Burns","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burns, G. L., Preszler, J., & Becker, S. P. (2021a). Psychometric and normative information on the child and adolescent behavior inventory in a nationally representative sample of United States children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2020.1852943. Advance online publication.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"1052_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2020.267","volume":"33","author":"GL Burns","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burns, G. L., Servera, M., & Becker, S. P. (2021b). Psychometric properties and initial normative information on Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory with mother, father, and teacher ratings of Spanish Children. Psicothema, 33, 139\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7334\/psicothema2020.267","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"1052_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-016-0641-8","volume":"48","author":"CA Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown, C. A., Granero, R., & Ezpeleta, L. (2017). The reciprocal influence of callous-unemotional traits, oppositional defiant disorder and parenting practices in preschoolers. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 48, 298\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-016-0641-8","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry and Human Development"},{"key":"1052_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191120927782","volume":"28","author":"PJ Castagna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castagna, P. J., Babinski, D. E., Pearl, A. M., Waxmonsky, J. G., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2021). Initial investigation of the psychometric properties of the limited prosocial emotions questionnaire (LPEQ). Assessment, 28, 1882\u20131896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191120927782","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"1052_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2022.2151452","author":"PJ Castagna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Castagna, P. J., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2022). Multi-informant ratings of childhood limited prosocial emotions: mother, father, and teacher perspective. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2022.2151452. Advance online publication.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"1052_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.09.022","volume":"60","author":"OF Colins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Fanti, K. A., & Andershed, H. (2021). The DSM-5 limited prosocial emotions specifier for conduct disorder: comorbid problems, prognosis, and antecedents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 60, 1020\u20131029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.09.022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"1052_CR14","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Understanding troubled and troubling youth: multiple perspectives","author":"TJ Dishion","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dishion, T. J. (1990). The peer context of troublesome child and adolescent behavior. In P. E. Leone (Ed.), Understanding troubled and troubling youth: multiple perspectives (pp. 128\u2013153). Sage."},{"key":"1052_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139346","volume":"10","author":"L Ezpeleta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ezpeleta, L., Granero, R., Osa, N., & Dom\u00e8nech, J. M. (2015). Clinical characteristics of preschool children with oppositional defiant disorder and callous-unemotional traits. PLoS One, 10, e0139346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139346","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1052_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-022-00910-8","volume":"50","author":"L Ezpeleta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ezpeleta, L., Penelo, E., Navarro, J. B., de la Osa, N., Trepat, E., & Wichstr\u00f8m, L. (2022). Recriprocal relations between dimensions of oppositional defiant problems and callous-unemotional traits. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50, 1179\u20131190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-022-00910-8","journal-title":"Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"},{"key":"1052_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.12.020","volume":"60","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frick, P. J. (2021). Editorial: testing the validity of the limited prosocial emotions specifier. Journal of the American Academic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 60, 952\u2013954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.12.020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"1052_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102188","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frick, P. J. (2022). Some critical considerations in applying the construct of psychopathy to research and classification of childhood disruptive behavior disorders. Clinical Psychology Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102188. Advance online publication.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"1052_CR19","volume-title":"A proposal to the DSM-V childhood disorders and the ADHD and disruptive behavior disorders work group to include a specifier to the diagnosis of conduct disorder based on the presence of callous-unemotional traits","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frick, P. J., & Moffitt, T. E. (2010). A proposal to the DSM-V childhood disorders and the ADHD and disruptive behavior disorders work group to include a specifier to the diagnosis of conduct disorder based on the presence of callous-unemotional traits. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"1052_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033076","volume":"140","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frick, P. J., Ray, J. V., Thornton, L. C., & Kahn, R. E. (2014). Can callous-unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents? A comprehensive review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033076","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"1052_CR21","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Child psychopathology","author":"ER Kimonis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., & McMahon, R. J. (2014). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 145\u2013179). Guilford.","edition":"3"},{"key":"1052_CR22","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Child and adolescent psychopathology","author":"BB Lahey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lahey, B. B., & Waldman, I. D. (2017). Oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and juvenile delinquency. In T. P. Beauchaine & S. P. Hinshaw (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 449\u2013496). Wiley.","edition":"3"},{"key":"1052_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000339","volume":"127","author":"HM McDonough-Caplan","year":"2018","unstructured":"McDonough-Caplan, H. M., Klein, D. N., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2018). Comorbidity and continuity of depression and conduct problems from elementary school to adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127, 326\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000339","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"1052_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.3390\/children81111020","volume":"8","author":"P Muratori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muratori, P., Buonanno, C., Gallani, A., Grossi, G., Levantini, V., Milone, A., Pisano, S., Salekin, R. T., Sesso, G., Masi, G., & Nocentini, A. (2021). Validation of the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) scale in a sample of Italian students. Children, 8, 1020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children81111020","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"1052_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000313","volume":"29","author":"J Preszler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Preszler, J., Burns, G. L., Litson, K., Geiser, C., & Servera, M. (2017). Trait and state variance in oppositional defiant disorder symptoms: a multi-source investigation with Spanish children. Psychological Assessment, 29, 135\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000313","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"1052_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j\/cpr2022.102214","author":"RT Salekin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salekin, R. T. (2022). Some critical comments on the Frick (2022) paper titled \u201csome critical considerations in applying the construct of psychopathy to research and classification of childhood disruptive behavior disorders.\u201d Clinical Psychology Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j\/cpr2022.102214","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"1052_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000496","volume":"30","author":"R Seijas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seijas, R., Servera, M., Garcia-Banda, G., Barry, C., & Burns, G. L. (2018). Evaluation of a four-item DSM-5 limited prosocial emotions specifier scale within and across settings with Spanish children. Psychological Assessment, 30, 474\u2013485.","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"1052_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0415-9","volume":"47","author":"R Seijas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seijas, R., Servera, M., Garcia-Banda, G., Burns, G. L., Preszler, J., Barry, C., Litson, K., & Geiser, C. (2019). Consistency of limited prosocial emotions across occasions, sources, and settings: trait- or state-like construct in a young community sample? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 47\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-018-0415-9","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"1052_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941900022","volume":"32","author":"M Servera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Servera, M., Seijas, R., Garc\u00eda-Banda, G., Barry, C. T., Beauchaine, T. P., & Burns, G. L. (2020). Longitudinal associations of callous\/unemotional and oppositional defiant behaviors over a three-year interval for Spanish children. Development and Psychopathology, 32, 481\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S095457941900022","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"1052_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.07.037","volume":"20","author":"R Waller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Waller, R., & Hyde, L. W. (2018). Callous-unemotional behaviors in early childhood: the development of empathy and prosociality gone awry. Current Opinion in Psychology, 20, 11\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.07.037","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"1052_CR31","volume-title":"International classification of diseases 11th revision (ICD-11)","author":"World Health Association","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Association. (2018). International classification of diseases 11th revision (ICD-11). World Health Organization."}],"container-title":["Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01052-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01052-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01052-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T07:10:42Z","timestamp":1686813042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01052-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01052-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-7166","2730-7174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-7166","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-7174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 March 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The research protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (Institutional Review Board) of the University of the Balearic Islands.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Mothers, fathers, and teachers provided written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors of the current study declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}