{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:31:23Z","timestamp":1792729883424,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Diakonhjemmet Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive functions and psychopathology develop in parallel in childhood and adolescence, but the temporal dynamics of their associations are poorly understood. The present study sought to elucidate the intertwined development of decision-making processes and attention problems using longitudinal data from late childhood (9\u201310 years) to mid-adolescence (11\u201313 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (n\u2009=\u20098918). We utilised hierarchical drift-diffusion modelling of behavioural data from the stop-signal task, parent-reported attention problems from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and multigroup univariate and bivariate latent change score models. The results showed faster drift rate was associated with lower levels of inattention at baseline, as well as a greater reduction of inattention over time. Moreover, baseline drift rate negatively predicted change in attention problems in females, and baseline attention problems negatively predicted change in drift rate. Neither response caution (decision threshold) nor encoding- and responding processes (non-decision time) were significantly associated with attention problems. There were no significant sex differences in the associations between decision-making processes and attention problems. The study supports previous findings of reduced evidence accumulation in attention problems and additionally shows that development of this aspect of decision-making plays a role in developmental changes in attention problems in youth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-023-01148-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T06:01:50Z","timestamp":1702706510000},"page":"803-817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessing the Longitudinal Associations Between Decision-Making Processes and Attention Problems in Early Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0018-583X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thea","family":"Wiker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads L.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Ferschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linn B.","family":"Norbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilmann","family":"von Soest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Agartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole A.","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torgeir","family":"Moberget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars T.","family":"Westlye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene J.","family":"Huster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian K.","family":"Tamnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.21.8.265","volume":"21","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M., & Ruffle, T. M. (2000). The child Behavior Checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral\/emotional problems and competencies. Pediatrics in Review, 21(8), 265\u2013271.","journal-title":"Pediatrics in Review"},{"issue":"22","key":"1148_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12419","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001517117","volume":"117","author":"D Aln\u00e6s","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aln\u00e6s, D., Kaufmann, T., Marquand, A. F., Smith, S. M., & Westlye, L. T. (2020). Patterns of sociocognitive stratification and perinatal risk in the child brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(22), 12419\u201312427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2001517117.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"1148_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"1148_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60185","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60185","volume":"10","author":"PG Bissett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bissett, P. G., Hagen, M. P., Jones, H. M., & Poldrack, R. A. (2021). Design issues and solutions for stop-signal data from the adolescent brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. eLife, 10, e60185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.60185.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1054-3","volume":"50","author":"U Boehm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boehm, U., Marsman, M., Matzke, D., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2018). On the importance of avoiding shortcuts in applying cognitive models to hierarchical data. Behavior Research Methods, 50(4), 1614\u20131631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-018-1054-3.","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"1148_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bompas, A., Sumner, P., & Hedge, C. (2023). Non-decision time: The Higg\u2019s boson of decision. bioRxiv, 20230220529290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.02.20.529290.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.20.529290"},{"key":"1148_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cai, W., Warren, S. L., Duberg, K., Pennington, B., Hinshaw, S. P., & Menon, V. (2021). Latent brain state dynamics distinguish behavioral variability, impaired decision-making, and inattention. Molecular Psychiatry, 26(9), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-021-01022-3. Article 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01022-3"},{"key":"1148_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.03.001","volume":"32","author":"BJ Casey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Casey, B. J., Cannonier, T., Conley, M. I., Cohen, A. O., Barch, D. M., Heitzeg, M. M., Soules, M. E., Teslovich, T., Dellarco, D. V., Garavan, H., Orr, C. A., Wager, T. D., Banich, M. T., Speer, N. K., Sutherland, M. T., Riedel, M. C., Dick, A. S., Bjork, J. M., Thomas, K. M., & Dale, A. M. (2018). The adolescent brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study: Imaging acquisition across 21 sites. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 32, 43\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.03.001.","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.04.023","volume":"46","author":"J Chamorro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chamorro, J., Bernardi, S., Potenza, M. N., Grant, J. E., Marsh, R., Wang, S., & Blanco, C. (2012). Impulsivity in the general population: A national study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(8), 994\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.04.023.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"1148_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2022.03.030","volume":"61","author":"MM Cordova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cordova, M. M., Antovich, D. M., Ryabinin, P., Neighbor, C., Mooney, M. A., Dieckmann, N. F., Miranda-Dominguez, O., Nagel, B. J., Fair, D. A., & Nigg, J. T. (2022). Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder: Restricted phenotypes prevalence, Comorbidity, and polygenic risk sensitivity in the ABCD Baseline Cohort. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 61(10), 1273\u20131284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2022.03.030.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"1148_CR37","unstructured":"R Core Team (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523","volume":"77","author":"S Dalsgaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dalsgaard, S., Thorsteinsson, E., Trabjerg, B. B., Schullehner, J., Plana-Ripoll, O., Brikell, I., Wimberley, T., Thygesen, M., Madsen, K. B., Timmerman, A., Schendel, D., McGrath, J. J., Mortensen, P. B., & Pedersen, C. B. (2020). Incidence rates and cumulative incidences of the full spectrum of diagnosed Mental disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(2), 155\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0803_5","volume":"8","author":"CK Enders","year":"2001","unstructured":"Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Missing Data in Structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8(3), 430\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15328007SEM0803_5.","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"1148_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Epstein, J. N., Karalunas, S. L., Tamm, L., Dudley, J. A., Lynch, J. D., Altaye, M., Simon, J. O., Maloney, T. C., & Atluri, G. (2022). Examining reaction time variability on the stop-signal task in the ABCD study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617722000431.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617722000431"},{"issue":"5","key":"1148_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz073","volume":"142","author":"NJ Evans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Evans, N. J., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2019). Theoretically meaningful models can answer clinically relevant questions. Brain, 142(5), 1172\u20131175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awz073.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1148_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.04.004","volume":"32","author":"H Garavan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garavan, H., Bartsch, H., Conway, K., Decastro, A., Goldstein, R. Z., Heeringa, S., Jernigan, T., Potter, A., Thompson, W., & Zahs, D. (2018). Recruiting the ABCD sample: Design considerations and procedures. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 32, 16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.04.004.","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177011136","volume":"7","author":"A Gelman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gelman, A., & Rubin, D. B. (1992). Inference from Iterative Simulation using multiple sequences. Statistical Science, 7(4), 457\u2013472.","journal-title":"Statistical Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12964","volume":"60","author":"TU Hauser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hauser, T. U., Will, G. J., Dubois, M., & Dolan, R. J. (2019). Annual Research Review: Developmental computational psychiatry. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 60(4), 412\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12964.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"1148_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000117","volume":"124","author":"A Heathcote","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heathcote, A., Suraev, A., Curley, S., Gong, Q., Love, J., & Michie, P. T. (2015). Decision processes and the slowing of simple choices in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 961\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000117.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"1148_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, T. H., Loughnan, R., Thompson, W. K., & Fan, C. C. (2022). The Impact of Population Stratification on the Analysis of Multimodal Neuroimaging Derived Measures (p.\u00a02022.08.06.503037). bioRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.08.06.503037.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.08.06.503037"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027205","volume":"121","author":"CL Huang-Pollock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang-Pollock, C. L., Karalunas, S. L., Tam, H., & Moore, A. N. (2012). Evaluating vigilance deficits in ADHD: A meta-analysis of CPT performance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(2), 360\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0027205.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-016-0151-y","volume":"45","author":"CL Huang-Pollock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang-Pollock, C. L., Ratcliff, R., McKoon, G., Shapiro, Z., Weigard, A., & Galloway-Long, H. (2017). Using the Diffusion Model to explain cognitive deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(1), 57\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-016-0151-y.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"1148_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000636","volume":"34","author":"CL Huang-Pollock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang-Pollock, C. L., Ratcliff, R., McKoon, G., Roule, A., Warner, T., Feldman, J., & Wise, S. (2020). A diffusion model analysis of sustained attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology, 34, 641\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/neu0000636.","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"1148_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.02.002","volume":"32","author":"TL Jernigan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jernigan, T. L., & Brown, S. A. (2018). Introduction. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 32, 1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.02.002.","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"1148_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9715-2","volume":"41","author":"SL Karalunas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karalunas, S. L., & Huang-Pollock, C. L. (2013). Integrating impairments in reaction time and executive function using a diffusion model framework. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(5), 837\u2013850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-013-9715-2.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1148_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029936","volume":"26","author":"SL Karalunas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karalunas, S. L., Huang-Pollock, C. L., & Nigg, J. T. (2012). Decomposing attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related effects in response speed and variability. Neuropsychology, 26(6), 684\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0029936.","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"1148_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105137","volume":"148","author":"P Karvelis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karvelis, P., Paulus, M. P., & Diaconescu, A. O. (2023). Individual differences in computational psychiatry: A review of current challenges. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 148, 105137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105137.","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"1148_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.11.007","volume":"33","author":"RA Kievit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kievit, R. A., Brandmaier, A. M., Ziegler, G., van Harmelen, A. L., de Mooij, S. M. M., Moutoussis, M., Goodyer, I. M., Bullmore, E., Jones, P. B., Fonagy, P., Lindenberger, U., & Dolan, R. J. (2018). Developmental cognitive neuroscience using latent change score models: A tutorial and applications. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 33, 99\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.11.007.","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0740-2","volume":"49","author":"V Lerche","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lerche, V., Voss, A., & Nagler, M. (2017). How many trials are required for parameter estimation in diffusion modeling? A comparison of different optimization criteria. Behavior Research Methods, 49(2), 513\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-016-0740-2.","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001466","volume":"34","author":"PM Lewinsohn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lewinsohn, P. M., Shankman, S. A., Gau, J. M., & Klein, D. N. (2004). The prevalence and co-morbidity of subthreshold psychiatric conditions. Psychological Medicine, 34(4), 613\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291703001466.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s42113-020-00087-7","volume":"4","author":"C Manning","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manning, C., Wagenmakers, E. J., Norcia, A. M., Scerif, G., & Boehm, U. (2021). Perceptual decision-making in children: Age-related differences and EEG correlates. Computational Brain & Behavior, 4(1), 53\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42113-020-00087-7.","journal-title":"Computational Brain & Behavior"},{"key":"1148_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McArdle, J. J., & Hamagami, F. (2001). Latent difference score structural models for linear dynamic analyses with incomplete longitudinal data. New methods for the analysis of change (pp. 139\u2013175). American Psychological Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/10409-005.","DOI":"10.1037\/10409-005"},{"issue":"11","key":"1148_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1783","volume":"158","author":"FG Moeller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moeller, F. G., Barratt, E. S., Dougherty, D. M., Schmitz, J. M., & Swann, A. C. (2001). Psychiatric aspects of Impulsivity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(11), 1783\u20131793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1783.","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"1148_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Poulton, R., Roberts, B. W., Ross, S., Sears, M. R., Thomson, W. M., & Caspi, A. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7), 2693\u20132698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1010076108.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010076108"},{"issue":"5","key":"1148_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054714558872","volume":"19","author":"AM Mowinckel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mowinckel, A. M., Pedersen, M. L., Eilertsen, E., & Biele, G. (2015). A Meta-analysis of decision-making and attention in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 19(5), 355\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1087054714558872.","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"1148_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.03.012","author":"ML Pedersen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pedersen, M. L., Aln\u00e6s, D., van der Meer, D., Fernandez-Cabello, S., Berthet, P., Dahl, A., Kjelkenes, R., Schwarz, E., Thompson, W. K., Barch, D. M., Andreassen, O. A., & Westlye, L. T. (2022). Computational modeling of the n-Back Task in the ABCD Study: Associations of Drift Diffusion Model parameters to Polygenic scores of Mental disorders and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.03.012.","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162203000975","volume":"45","author":"TM Pitcher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pitcher, T. M., Piek, J. P., & Hay, D. A. (2003). Fine and gross motor ability in males with ADHD. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 45(8), 525\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0012162203000975.","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2010.06.005","volume":"19","author":"KH Racer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Racer, K. H., & Dishion, T. J. (2012). Disordered attention: Implications for understanding and treating Internalizing and Externalizing disorders in Childhood. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(1), 31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpra.2010.06.005.","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.114.164350","volume":"197","author":"A Raj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raj, A., Stephens, M., & Pritchard, J. K. (2014). fastSTRUCTURE: Variational Inference of Population structure in large SNP data sets. Genetics, 197(2), 573\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1534\/genetics.114.164350.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.85.2.59","volume":"85","author":"R Ratcliff","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ratcliff, R. (1978). A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review, 85(2), 1\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.85.2.59.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2008.12-06-420","volume":"20","author":"R Ratcliff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ratcliff, R., & McKoon, G. (2008). The diffusion decision model: Theory and data for two-choice decision tasks. Neural Computation, 20(4), 873\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/neco.2008.12-06-420.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2009.09.001","volume":"60","author":"R Ratcliff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ratcliff, R., Thapar, A., & McKoon, G. (2010). Individual differences, aging, and IQ in two-choice tasks. Cognitive Psychology, 60(3), 127\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2009.09.001.","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01683.x","volume":"83","author":"R Ratcliff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ratcliff, R., Love, J., Thompson, C. A., & Opfer, J. E. (2012). Children are not like older adults: A Diffusion Model Analysis of Developmental changes in speeded responses. Child Development, 83(1), 367\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01683.x.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.92.3.726","volume":"92","author":"D Rogosa","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rogosa, D., Brandt, D., & Zimowski, M. (1982). A growth curve approach to the measurement of change. Psychological Bulletin, 92(3), 726\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.92.3.726.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"1148_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9312-6","volume":"37","author":"NNJ Rommelse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rommelse, N. N. J., Altink, M. E., Fliers, E. A., Martin, N. C., Buschgens, C. J. M., Hartman, C. A., Buitelaar, J. K., Faraone, S. V., Sergeant, J. A., & Oosterlaan, J. (2009). Comorbid problems in ADHD: Degree of Association, Shared endophenotypes, and formation of distinct subtypes. Implications for a future DSM. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(6), 793\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-009-9312-6.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"1148_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","volume":"48","author":"Y Rosseel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R Package for Structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v048.i02.","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"1148_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schubert, A. L., Frischkorn, G. T., Hagemann, D., & Voss, A. (2016). Trait characteristics of Diffusion Model parameters. Journal of Intelligence, 4(3), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jintelligence4030007.","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence4030007"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015156","volume":"116","author":"PL Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith, P. L., & Ratcliff, R. (2009). An integrated theory of attention and decision making in visual signal detection. Psychological Review, 116(2), 283\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015156.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"1148_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sripada, C., & Weigard, A. (2021). Impaired evidence Accumulation as a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor in psychopathology. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.627179.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.627179"},{"key":"1148_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46323","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.46323","volume":"8","author":"F Verbruggen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verbruggen, F., Aron, A. R., Bissett, P. G., Brockett, A. T., Brown, J. W., Chamberlain, S. R., Chambers, C. D., Colonius, H., Colzato, L. S., Corneil, B. D., Coxon, J. P., Dupuis, A., Eagle, D. M., Garavan, H., Greenhouse, I., Heathcote, A., Huster, R. J., Jahfari, S., Kenemans, J. L., & Thakkar, K. N. (2019). A consensus guide to capturing the ability to inhibit actions and impulsive behaviors in the stop-signal task. ELife, 8, e46323.","journal-title":"ELife"},{"key":"1148_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vink, M., Kaldewaij, R., Zandbelt, B. B., Pas, P., & Plessis, S. (2015). du. The role of stop-signal probability and expectation in proactive inhibition. European Journal of Neuroscience, 41(8), 1086\u20131094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.12879.","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12879"},{"key":"1148_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.002","volume":"32","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Volkow, N. D., Koob, G. F., Croyle, R. T., Bianchi, D. W., Gordon, J. A., Koroshetz, W. J., P\u00e9rez-Stable, E. J., Riley, W. T., Bloch, M. H., Conway, K., Deeds, B. G., Dowling, G. J., Grant, S., Howlett, K. D., Matochik, J. A., Morgan, G. D., Murray, M. M., Noronha, A., Spong, C. Y., & Weiss, S. R. B. (2018). The conception of the ABCD study: From substance use to a broad NIH collaboration. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 32, 4\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.002.","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"1148_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"von Krause, M., Radev, S. T., & Voss, A. (2022). Mental speed is high until age 60 as revealed by analysis of over a million participants. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(5), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01282-7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01282-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2011.557344","volume":"18","author":"T Von Soest","year":"2011","unstructured":"Von Soest, T., & Hagtvet, K. A. (2011). Mediation Analysis in a latent growth curve modeling Framework. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 18(2), 289\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2011.557344.","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"1148_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12250","volume":"55","author":"A Weigard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weigard, A., & Huang-Pollock, C. L. (2014). A diffusion modeling approach to understanding contextual cueing effects in children with ADHD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(12), 1336\u20131344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12250.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"1148_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000257","volume":"30","author":"A Weigard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weigard, A., Huang-Pollock, C. L., & Brown, S. (2016). Evaluating the consequences of impaired monitoring of learned behavior in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder using a bayesian hierarchical model of choice response time. Neuropsychology, 30, 502\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/neu0000257.","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"1148_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weigard, A., McCurry, K. L., Shapiro, Z., Martz, M. E., Angstadt, M., Heitzeg, M. M., Dinov, I. D., & Sripada, C. (2023). Generalizable prediction of childhood ADHD symptoms from neurocognitive testing and youth characteristics. Translational Psychiatry, 13(1), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02502-6.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02502-6"},{"issue":"10","key":"1148_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.07.011","volume":"54","author":"T White","year":"2015","unstructured":"White, T. (2015). Subclinical Psychiatric symptoms and the brain: What can Developmental Population Neuroimaging bring to the table? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(10), 797\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.07.011.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmp.2010.01.004","volume":"54","author":"CN White","year":"2010","unstructured":"White, C. N., Ratcliff, R., Vasey, M. W., & McKoon, G. (2010). Using diffusion models to understand clinical disorders. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 54(1), 39\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmp.2010.01.004.","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology"},{"key":"1148_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"White, C. N., Curl, R. A., & Sloane, J. F. (2016). Using Decision Models to Enhance Investigations of Individual Differences in Cognitive Neuroscience. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00081.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00081"},{"key":"1148_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wiecki, T., Sofer, I., & Frank, M. (2013). HDDM: Hierarchical Bayesian estimation of the Drift-Diffusion Model in Python. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 7. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fninf.2013.00014.","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2013.00014"},{"key":"1148_CR62","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1993). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Diagnostic criteria for research: Vol. Vol. 2. World Health Organization."},{"issue":"11","key":"1148_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13848","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013848","volume":"5","author":"BB Zandbelt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zandbelt, B. B., & Vink, M. (2010). On the role of the striatum in response inhibition. PLOS ONE, 5(11), e13848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0013848.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"1148_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.09.002","volume":"71","author":"S Ziegler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ziegler, S., Pedersen, M. L., Mowinckel, A. M., & Biele, G. (2016). Modelling ADHD: A review of ADHD theories through their predictions for computational models of decision-making and reinforcement learning. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 633\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.09.002.","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"}],"container-title":["Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01148-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01148-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01148-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T13:16:32Z","timestamp":1714569392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01148-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01148-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-7166","2730-7174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-7166","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-7174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}