{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:32:27Z","timestamp":1791325947218,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD049878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD049878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous literature shows that aspects of temperament, executive functioning, and EEG frontal asymmetry are related to externalizing behaviors in children. We examined whether frontal EEG asymmetry measured at age 6 would moderate the impact of negative affectivity, attentional control, and working memory at age 6 on conduct problems at age 9. Behavioral tasks were given to assess children\u2019s attentional control and working memory. Parents completed questionnaires about their children\u2019s negative affectivity and conduct problems. Results showed that greater negative affectivity reported at age 6 predicted for more conduct problems reported at age 9, regardless of EEG frontal asymmetry. Lower levels of attentional control and working memory at age 6 predicted for more conduct problems reported at age 9 when children also exhibited greater left EEG frontal asymmetry, which has been linked to approach motivation. These findings illustrate the importance of assessing multiple intrinsic factors, both independent and interactive, that contribute to children\u2019s conduct problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-024-01191-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T06:51:21Z","timestamp":1710831081000},"page":"1119-1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Examining Conduct Problems in a Community Sample during Middle Childhood: The Role of Frontal EEG Asymmetry, Temperament, and Working Memory"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8951-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Zerrouk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9222-0374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Ann Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1191_CR75","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Ratings of relations between DSM-IV diagnostic categories and items of the CBCL\/6-18, TRF, and YSR (pp. 1\u20139). University of Vermont."},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-018-9659-5","volume":"40","author":"H Andershed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andershed, H., Colins, O. F., Salekin, R. T., Lordos, A., Kyranides, M. N., & Fanti, K. A. (2018). Callous-unemotional traits only versus the multidimensional psychopathy construct as predictors of various antisocial outcomes during early adolescence. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 40(1), 16\u201325. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/10.1007\/s10862-018-9659-5.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"key":"1191_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00539","volume":"11","author":"G Austin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Austin, G., Bond\u00fc, R., & Elsner, B. (2020). Executive function, theory of mind, and conduct- problem symptoms in middle childhood. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00539.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"5044","key":"1191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1736359","volume":"255","author":"A Baddeley","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255(5044), 556\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1736359.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1191_CR4","unstructured":"Bates, J. E., Goodnight, J. A., & Fite, J. E. (2008). Temperament and emotion. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 485\u2013496). The Guilford."},{"key":"1191_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Anderson, S. W. (1998). Dissociation of working memory from decision making within the human prefrontal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 18(1), 428\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00428.1998.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00428.1998"},{"issue":"12","key":"1191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200112000-00012","volume":"40","author":"KJ Bennett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bennett, K. J., & Offord, D. R. (2001). Screening for conduct problems: Does the predictive accuracy of conduct disorder symptoms improve with age? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(12), 1418\u20131425. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/10.1097\/00004583-200112000-00012.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420001054","volume":"34","author":"A Brieant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brieant, A., King-Casas, B., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2022). Transactional relations between developmental trajectories of executive functioning and internalizing and externalizing symptomatology in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 34(1), 213\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579420001054.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2016.1170669","volume":"31","author":"A Brzezicka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brzezicka, A., Kami\u0144ski, J., Kami\u0144ska, O. K., Wo\u0142y\u0144czyk-Gmaj, D., & Sedek, G. (2017). Frontal EEG alpha band asymmetry as a predictor of reasoning deficiency in depressed people. Cognition and Emotion, 31(5), 868\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2016.1170669.","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"1191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.015","volume":"103","author":"RGM Cassiano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cassiano, R. G. M., Gaspardo, C. M., Furini, G. C. B., Martinez, F. E., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2016). Impact of neonatal risk and temperament on behavioral problems in toddlers born preterm. Early Human Development, 103, 175\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.015.","journal-title":"Early Human Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-007-9119-0","volume":"32","author":"R Chambers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B. (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(3), 303\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-007-9119-0.","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"1191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007318","volume":"8","author":"D Cicchetti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 8(4), 597\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579400007318. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.03.002","volume":"67","author":"JA Coan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coan, J. A., & Allen, J. J. B. (2004). Frontal EEG asymmetry as a moderator and mediator of emotion. Biological Psychology, 67(1\u20132), 7\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.03.002.","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-008-9261-5","volume":"37","author":"DM Dandreaux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dandreaux, D. M., & Frick, P. J. (2009). Developmental pathways to conduct problems: A further test of the childhood and adolescent-onset distinction. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(3), 375\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-008-9261-5.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/09594388(95)80029-8","volume":"5","author":"RJ Davidson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Davidson, R. J., & Sutton, S. K. (1995). Affective neuroscience: The emergence of a discipline. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 5(2), 217\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/09594388(95)80029-8.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01653.x","volume":"48","author":"K Deater-Deckard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deater-Deckard, K., Petrill, S. A., & Thompson, L. A. (2007). Anger\/frustration, task persistence, and conduct problems in childhood: A behavioral genetic analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(1), 80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01653.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038498","volume":"141","author":"A De Los Reyes","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Los Reyes, A., Augenstein, T. M., Wang, M., Thomas, S. A., Drabick, D. A. G., Burgers, D. E., & Rabinowitz, J. (2015). The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 141(4), 858\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0038498.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2004.06.005","volume":"27","author":"TJ Dishion","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dishion, T. J., Nelson, S. E., & Bullock, B. M. (2004). Premature adolescent autonomy: Parent disengagement and deviant peer process in the amplification of problem behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 27(5), 515\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2004.06.005.","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.2.349","volume":"39","author":"KA Dodge","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dodge, K. A., & Pettit, G. S. (2003). A biopsychosocial model of the development of chronic conduct problems in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 39(2), 349\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.39.2.349.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-222","volume":"2","author":"Y Dong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dong, Y., & Peng, C. Y. (2013). Principled missing data methods for researchers. Springer Plus, 2(1), 222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2193-1801-2-222.","journal-title":"Springer Plus"},{"key":"1191_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, D. M. (2007). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (4th ed.). NCS Pearson.","DOI":"10.1037\/t15144-000"},{"key":"1191_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eccles, J. S. (1999). The development of children ages 6 to 14. The Future of Children, 30\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1602703.","DOI":"10.2307\/1602703"},{"issue":"4","key":"1191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016213","volume":"45","author":"N Eisenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Spinrad, T. L., Cumberland, A., Liew, J., Reiser, M., Zhou, Q., & Losoya, S. H. (2009). Longitudinal relations of children\u2019s effortful control, impulsivity, and negative emotionality to their externalizing, internalizing, and co-occurring behavior problems. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 988\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0016213.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326942dn2802_6","volume":"28","author":"KA Espy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Espy, K. A., & Bull, R. (2005). Inhibitory processes in young children and individual variation in short-term memory. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28(2), 669\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15326942dn2802_6.","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0095-y","volume":"5","author":"G Fairchild","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fairchild, G., Hawes, D. J., Frick, P. J., Copeland, W. E., Odgers, C. L., Franke, B., Freitag, C. M., & De Brito, S. A. (2019). Conduct disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1), 43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-019-0095-y.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9726-z","volume":"41","author":"KA Fanti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fanti, K. A. (2013). Individual, social, and behavioral factors associated with co-occurring conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(5), 811\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-013-9726-z. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1191_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00289335","volume":"24","author":"C Feiring","year":"1991","unstructured":"Feiring, C., & Lewis, M. (1991). The transition from middle childhood to early adolescence: Sex differences in the social network and perceived self-competence. Sex Roles, 24(7), 489\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00289335.","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"issue":"8","key":"1191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00387.x","volume":"46","author":"DM Fergusson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, J., L., & Ridder, E. M. (2005). Show me the child at seven: The consequences of conduct problems in childhood for psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(8), 837\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00387.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716003226","volume":"47","author":"E Flouri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flouri, E., Ruddy, A., & Midouhas, E. (2017). Maternal depression and trajectories of child internalizing and externalizing problems: The roles of child decision making and working memory. Psychological Medicine, 47(6), 1138\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291716003226.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01442.x","volume":"47","author":"EE Forbes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Forbes, E. E., Shaw, D. S., Fox, N. A., Cohn, J. F., Silk, J. S., & Kovacs, M. (2005). Maternal depression, child frontal asymmetry, and child affective behavior as factors in child behavior problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(1), 79\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01442.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"1191_CR29","unstructured":"Fox, N. A., Henderson, H. A., P\u00e9rez-Edgar, K., & White, L. K. (2001). The biology of temperament: An integrative approach. In C. A. Nelson, & M. Luciana (Eds.), Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (pp. 839\u2013853). MIT Press."},{"issue":"8","key":"1191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20039","volume":"41","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frick, P. J. (2004). Developmental pathways to conduct disorder: Implications for serving youth who show severe aggressive and antisocial behavior. Psychology in the Schools, 41(8), 823\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pits.20039.","journal-title":"Psychology in the Schools"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3301_6","volume":"33","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frick, P. J., & Morris, A. S. (2004). Temperament and developmental pathways to conduct problems. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 54\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3301_6.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1191_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409990071","volume":"21","author":"P Frick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frick, P., & Viding, E. (2009). Antisocial behavior from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 21(4), 1111\u20131131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579409990071.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000491","volume":"24","author":"L Gatzke-Kopp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gatzke-Kopp, L., Greenberg, M., Fortunato, C., & Coccia, M. (2012). Aggression as an equifinal outcome of distinct neurocognitive and neuroaffective processes. Development and Psychopathology, 24(3), 985\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579412000491.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21092","volume":"56","author":"LM Gatzke-Kopp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gatzke-Kopp, L. M., Jetha, M. K., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2014). The role of resting frontal EEG asymmetry in psychopathology: Afferent or efferent filter? Developmental Psychobiology, 56(1), 73\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dev.21092. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12879","volume":"55","author":"E Harmon-Jones","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harmon-Jones, E., & Gable, P. A. (2018). On the role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in approach and withdrawal motivation: An updated review of the evidence. Psychophysiology, 55(1), 42\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12879. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.111.1.127","volume":"111","author":"SP Hinshaw","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hinshaw, S. P. (1992). Externalizing behavior problems and academic underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships and underlying mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 111(1), 127\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.111.1.127. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.5.1.64","volume":"5","author":"WT Hoyt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hoyt, W. T. (2000). Rater bias in psychological research: When is it a problem and what can we do about it? Psychological Methods, 5(1), 64\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.5.1.64. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/.","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"1191_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hudec, K. L., & Mikami, A. Y. (2018). Diagnostic issues for ODD\/CD with ADHD comorbidity. In J. E. Lochman & W. Matthys (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of disruptive and impulse-control disorders (pp. 55\u201371). Wiley Blackwell. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119092254.ch4.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119092254.ch4"},{"key":"1191_CR39","unstructured":"Kazdin, A. E. (2003). Problem-solving skills training and parent management training for conduct disorder. In A. E. Kazdin, & J. R. Weisz (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (pp. 241\u2013262). The Guilford."},{"issue":"7","key":"1191_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2020.1747114","volume":"21","author":"R Kleine Deters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kleine Deters, R., Naaijen, J., Rosa, M., Aggensteiner, P. M., Banaschewski, T., Saam, M. C., Schulze, U. M. E., Sethi, A., Craig, M. C., Sagar-Ouriaghli, I., Santosh, P., Castro- Fornieles, J., Penzol, M. J., Arango, C., Werhahn, J. E., Brandeis, D., Franke, B., Glennon, J., Buitelaar, J. K., & Dietrich, A. (2020). Executive functioning and emotion recognition in youth with oppositional defiant disorder and\/or conduct disorder. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 21(7), 539\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15622975.2020.1747114.","journal-title":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"1191_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.013","volume":"147","author":"MF Lacey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lacey, M. F., Neal, L. B., & Gable, P. A. (2020). Effortful control of motivation, not withdrawal motivation, relates to greater right frontal asymmetry. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 147, 18\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.013.","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2307\/1132078","volume":"69","author":"LJ Lengua","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lengua, L. J., West, S. G., & Sandler, I. N. (1998). Temperament as a predictor of symptomatology in children: Addressing contamination of measures. Child Development, 69(1), 164\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1132078.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"1191_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.02.006","volume":"40","author":"ST Lipscomb","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lipscomb, S. T., Schmitt, S. A., Pratt, M., Acock, A., & Pears, K. C. (2014). Living in non- parental care moderates effects of prekindergarten experiences on externalizing behavior problems in school. Children and Youth Services Review, 40, 41\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.02.006.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.17446171.2004.tb00003.x","volume":"17","author":"J Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu, J. (2004). Childhood externalizing behavior: Theory and implications. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 17(3), 93\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.17446171.2004.tb00003.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-019-00306-z","volume":"23","author":"R Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, R., & Bell, M. A. (2020). Fearful temperament and the risk for child and adolescent anxiety: The role of attention biases and effortful control. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 23(2), 205\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-019-00306-z.","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420000309","volume":"33","author":"R Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, R., Calkins, S. D., & Bell, M. A. (2021). Frontal EEG asymmetry moderates the associations between negative temperament and behavioral problems during childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 33(3), 1016\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579420000309.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1191_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0518-7","volume":"46","author":"L L\u00f3pez-Romero","year":"2015","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Romero, L., Romero, E., & Andershed, H. (2015). Conduct problems in childhood and adolescence: Developmental trajectories, predictors and outcomes in a six-year follow up. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 46(5), 762\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-014-0518-7.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry & Human Development"},{"issue":"8","key":"1191_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00163-3","volume":"113","author":"PJ Marshall","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marshall, P. J., Bar-Haim, Y., & Fox, N. A. (2002). Development of the EEG from 5 months to 4 years of age. Clinical Neurophysiology, 113(8), 1199\u20131208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00163-3.","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000222","volume":"22","author":"A Masten","year":"2010","unstructured":"Masten, A., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 491\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579410000222.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"1191_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.03.002","volume":"115","author":"JD McQuade","year":"2013","unstructured":"McQuade, J. D., Murray-Close, D., Shoulberg, E. K., & Hoza, B. (2013). Working memory and social functioning in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 115, 422\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.03.002.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-006-9037-6","volume":"29","author":"C Meesters","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meesters, C., Muris, P., & van Rooijen, B. (2007). Relations of neuroticism and attentional control with symptoms of anxiety and aggression in non-clinical children. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29(3), 149\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-006-9037-6.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"1191_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.3.771","volume":"44","author":"JL Miner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miner, J. L., & Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (2008). Trajectories of externalizing behavior from age 2 to age 9: Relations with gender, temperament, ethnicity, parenting, and rater. Developmental Psychology, 44(3), 771\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.44.3.771. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1191_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004302","volume":"5","author":"TE Moffitt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moffitt, T. E. (1993). The neuropsychology of conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 5(1\u20132), 135\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579400004302.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002097","volume":"13","author":"TE Moffitt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2001). Childhood predictors differentiate life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways among males and females. Development and Psychopathology, 13(2), 355\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579401002097.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-010-0034-0","volume":"18","author":"AB Morrison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morrison, A. B., & Chein, J. M. (2011). Does working memory training work? The promise and challenges of enhancing cognition by training working memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18(1), 46\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-010-0034-0.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"1191_CR56","unstructured":"Niedermeyer, E. (1999). Maturation of the EEG: Development of waking and sleep patterns. In E. Niedermeyer, & da F. H. L. Silva (Eds.), Electroencephalography: Basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields (pp. 189\u2013214). Williams & Wilkins."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"1191_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01612.x","volume":"47","author":"JT Nigg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nigg, J. T. (2006). Temperament and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3-4), 395\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01612.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"1191_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oosterlaan, J., Logan, G. D., & Sergeant, J. A. (1998). Response inhibition in AD\/HD, CD, comorbid AD\/HD\u2002+\u2002CD, anxious, and control children: A meta-analysis of studies with the stop task. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39(3), 411\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0021963097002072.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021963097002072"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR58","first-page":"20","volume":"22","author":"D Pardini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pardini, D., & Frick, P. J. (2013). Multiple developmental pathways to conduct disorder: Current conceptualizations and clinical implications. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 22(1), 20.","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1191_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21223","volume":"56","author":"MJ Peltola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peltola, M. J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Alink, L. R., Huffmeijer, R., Biro, S., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2014). Resting frontal EEG asymmetry in children: Meta\u2010analyses of the effects of psychosocial risk factors and associations with internalizing and externalizing behavior. Developmental Psychobiology, 56(6), 1377\u20131389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dev.21223.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"key":"1191_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119170174.epcn409","volume":"4","author":"K P\u00e9rez-Edgar","year":"2018","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Edgar, K., & Hastings, P. D. (2018). Emotion development from an experimental and individual differences lens. Stevens\u2019 Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 289\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119170174.epcn409. https:\/\/doi-org.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu\/.","journal-title":"Stevens\u2019 Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3001_6","volume":"30","author":"MD Rapport","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rapport, M. D., Chung, K. M., Shore, G., & Isaacs, P. (2001). A conceptual model of child psychopathology: Implications for understanding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and treatment efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(1), 48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3001_6.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12965","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12965","volume":"55","author":"SJ Reznik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reznik, S. J., & Allen, J. J. (2018). Frontal asymmetry as a mediator and moderator of emotion: An updated review. Psychophysiology, 55(1), e12965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12965.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.1.55","volume":"103","author":"MK Rothbart","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rothbart, M. K., & Ahadi, S. A. (1994). Temperament and the development of personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(1), 55\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843X.103.1.55.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"1191_CR64","unstructured":"Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. (2006). Temperament. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development (pp. 99\u2013166). John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"1191_CR65","unstructured":"Rothbart, M. K., Chew, K. H., & Gartstein, M. A. (2001). Assessment of temperament in early development. In L. T. Singer, & P. S. Zeskind (Eds.), Biobehavioral Assessment of the infant (pp. 190\u2013208). The Guilford."},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940603700105","volume":"37","author":"M Rybak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rybak, M., Crayton, J. W., Young, I. J., Herba, E., & Konopka, L. M. (2006). Frontal alpha power asymmetry in aggressive children and adolescents with mood and disruptive behavior disorders. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 37(1), 16\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/155005940603700105.","journal-title":"Clinical EEG and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"1191_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0449-3","volume":"46","author":"S Saarinen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saarinen, S., Fontell, T., Vuontela, V., Carlson, S., & Aronen, E. T. (2015). Visuospatial working memory in 7-to 12-year-old children with disruptive behavior disorders. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 46(1), 34\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-014-0449-3.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry & Human Development"},{"key":"1191_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.104809","volume":"110","author":"G Santos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santos, G., Farrington, D. P., da Agra, C., & Cardoso, C. S. (2020). Parent-teacher agreement on children\u2019s externalizing behaviors: Results from a community sample of Portuguese elementary-school children. Children and Youth Services Review, 110, 104809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.104809.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"1191_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20427","volume":"52","author":"CL Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith, C. L., & Bell, M. A. (2010). Stability in infant frontal asymmetry as a predictor of toddlerhood internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, 52(2), 158\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dev.20427.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology"},{"key":"1191_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00573","volume":"10","author":"E Truedsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Truedsson, E., Fawcett, C., Wesevich, V., Gredeb\u00e4ck, G., & W\u00e5hlstedt, C. (2019). The role of callous-unemotional traits on adolescent positive and negative emotional reactivity: A longitudinal community-based study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00573.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"18","key":"1191_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.08.004","volume":"21","author":"S Wass","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wass, S., Porayska-Pomsta, K., & Johnson, M. H. (2011). Training attentional control in infancy. Current Biology, 21(18), 1543\u20131547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2011.08.004.","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"1191_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WhitleyJr, B. E., & Kite, M. E. (2012). Principles of research in behavioral science. Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203085219"},{"key":"1191_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072319-024242","volume":"16","author":"PD Zelazo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zelazo, P. D. (2020). Executive function and psychopathology: A neurodevelopmental perspective. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 16, 431\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072319-024242.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"1191_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zeng, S., Wang, Z., Zhang, R., & Yang, X. (2022). The longitudinal relationships between family functioning and children\u2019s conduct problems: The moderating role of attentional control indexed by intraindividual response time variability. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-022-09964-w.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-022-09964-w"}],"container-title":["Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-024-01191-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10802-024-01191-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-024-01191-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T23:35:26Z","timestamp":1719876926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10802-024-01191-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-024-01191-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-7166","2730-7174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-7166","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-7174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Boards at Virginia Tech and University of North Carolina Greensboro: #12\u2013947 and #13\u20130183 for Psychobiology of Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents and verbal assent was obtained from the children. Data included in this manuscript will be made available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval and Informed Consent"}}]}}