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Participants were 224 children aged 7\u201311 years old and their parent. Parents were required to either have a history of MDD or no lifetime history of any depressive disorder. To measure reward outcome processing, we focused on the reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential (ERP) elicited following gain and loss outcome feedback while children completed a monetary reward task. Census-derived measures of neighborhood disadvantage based upon families\u2019 addresses included the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), neighborhood crime risk, and the Child Opportunity Index (COI). The general pattern of findings across indices was that higher levels of neighborhood disadvantage were associated with more blunted neural reactivity to both gain and loss feedback, but only among children with a parental history of MDD and not among children of never depressed parents. These results suggest that broader contextual stressors may impact how youth process reward outcome feedback, especially youth already at heightened risk for depression, which may have implications for understanding risk for disorders associated with reward dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-025-01310-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T02:42:13Z","timestamp":1742697733000},"page":"849-860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Parental History of Major Depressive Disorder Moderates the Relation Between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Reward Responsiveness in Children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2659-3660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elana S.","family":"Israel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cope","family":"Feurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliona","family":"Tsypes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon E.","family":"Gibb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1310_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0679","volume":"33","author":"D Acevedo-Garcia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Acevedo-Garcia, D., McArdle, N., Hardy, E. 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Israel, Cope Feurer, Aliona Tsypes, and Brandon E. Gibb, was originally published without open access. Following the author\u2019s\/authors\u2019 decision to opt for open access, the copyright of the chapter changed on June 11, 2026 to \u00a9 The Author(s) 2025 and the chapter is now distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"This project was supported by grants National Institute of Mental Health grants MH135649 (EI), MH129564 (CF), MH130664 (AT), MH098060 (BG), and MH130397 (BG). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing or potential conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All study procedures were approved by the university\u2019s Institutional Review Board. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent\/assent was collected from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}