{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:48:50Z","timestamp":1764604130045,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0H7818N","G007720N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0H7818N","G007720N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-025-01353-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:58:03Z","timestamp":1756515483000},"page":"1499-1512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment Engagement and Multiple Specifiers among Boys and Girls with Conduct Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7929-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmely","family":"Delamillieure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9532-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier F.","family":"Colins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.11.1097","volume":"60","author":"KM Abram","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abram, K. M., Teplin, L. A., McClelland, G. M., & Dulcan, M. K. (2003). Comorbid psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(11), 1097\u20131108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.60.11.1097","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"1353_CR2","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M. (2001). Manual for ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth & Families."},{"key":"1353_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110045","volume":"105","author":"M Aghajani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aghajani, M., Klapwijk, E. T., Andershed, H., Fanti, K. A., van der Wee, N. J. A., Vermeiren, R., & Colins, O. F. (2021). Neural processing of socioemotional content in conduct-disordered juvenile offenders with limited prosocial emotions. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 105, 110045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110045","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"1353_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andershed, H. A., Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Levander, S. (2002). Psychopathic traits in non-referred youths: A new assessment tool. In E. Blaauw, & L. Sheridan (Eds.), Psychopaths: Current international perspectives (pp. 131\u2013158). Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1037\/t07576-000"},{"key":"1353_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-018-9659-5","volume":"40","author":"H Andershed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andershed, H., Colins, O. F., Salekin, R. T., Lordos, A., Kyranides, M. N., & Fanti, K. A. (2018). Callous-unemotional traits only versus the multidimensional psychopathy construct as predictors of various antisocial outcomes during early adolescence. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 40, 16\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-018-9659-5","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"key":"1353_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. The American Psychiatric Association Publishing.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"4","key":"1353_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2012.746758","volume":"11","author":"R Atkinson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Atkinson, R., & Tew, J. (2012). Working with psychopathic offenders: Lessons from the Chromis program. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11(4), 299\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14999013.2012.746758","journal-title":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"1353_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-022-00974-6","volume":"50","author":"A Bisback","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bisback, A., Recul\u00e9, C., & Colins, O. F. (2022). Psychopathic traits, treatment engagement, and their interrelation in criminal Justice-Involved boys: A Cross-Sectional network analysis. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50(12), 1589\u20131604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-022-00974-6","journal-title":"Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"},{"key":"1353_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonta, J., & Andrews, D. A. (2023). The psychology of criminal conduct. Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003292128"},{"key":"1353_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3702","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0507-5","volume":"25","author":"SL Buckingham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buckingham, S. L., Brandt, N. E., Becker, K. D., Gordon, D., & Cammack, N. (2016). Collaboration, empowerment, and advocacy: Consumer perspectives about treatment engagement. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 3702\u20133715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-016-0507-5","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"10","key":"1353_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-022-00924-2","volume":"50","author":"JD Burke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burke, J. D., Johnston, O. G., & Perkins, A. G. (2022). Where should psychopathic traits be placed in a diagnostic framework?? Evidence for a Grandiose-Manipulative specifier for ODD. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50(10), 1289\u20131298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-022-00924-2","journal-title":"Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/0886571X.2015.1004285","volume":"32","author":"AN Byers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Byers, A. N., & Lutz, D. J. (2015). Therapeutic alliance with youth in residential care: Challenges and recommendations. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 32(1), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886571X.2015.1004285","journal-title":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth"},{"issue":"5","key":"1353_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14060723","volume":"172","author":"E Caligor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caligor, E., Levy, K. N., & Yeomans, F. E. (2015). Narcissistic personality disorder: Diagnostic and clinical challenges. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(5), 415\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14060723","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1353_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/154120400730129","volume":"5","author":"E Cauffman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cauffman, E., Lexcen, F. J., Goldweber, A., Shulman, E. P., & Grisso, T. (2007). Gender differences in mental health symptoms among delinquent and community youth. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5(3), 287\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/154120400730129","journal-title":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice"},{"key":"1353_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7, 309\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.7.3.309","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.3.309"},{"key":"1353_CR16","unstructured":"Cleckley, H. (1988). The mask of sanity. C.V. Mosby Company."},{"key":"1353_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"issue":"9","key":"1353_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13090932","volume":"13","author":"OF Colins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colins, O. F. (2016). Psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the youth self-report DSM-oriented scales: A field study among detained male adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(9), 932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph13090932","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000708","volume":"16","author":"OF Colins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., & Fanti, K. A. (2025). The multispecifier model for conduct disorder in detained boys: Relations with conduct disorder criteria and etiologically and clinically relevant correlates. Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 16(1), 31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/per0000708","journal-title":"Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"1353_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500409","volume":"55","author":"OF Colins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Vermeiren, R., Vreugdenhil, C., van den Brink, W., Doreleijers, T., & Broekaert, E. (2010). Psychiatric disorders in detained male adolescents: A systematic literature review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(4), 255\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674371005500409","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"1353_CR21","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Hermans, M., & Vermeiren, R. (2011). Neuropsychologische factoren in relatie tot succes Van behandeling Van Jongeren Met Een Maatregel Plaatsing in Een inrichting voor jeugdigen (PIJ) En Jongeren Met Een machtiging gesloten Jeugdzorg (GJZ). Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Datacentrum."},{"key":"1353_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-013-9385-y","volume":"36","author":"OF Colins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Andershed, H., Frogner, L., Lopez-Romero, L., Veen, V., & Andershed, A. K. (2014). A new measure to assess psychopathic personality in children: The child problematic traits inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 36, 4\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-013-9385-y","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0869-7","volume":"26","author":"OF Colins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Van Damme, L., Fanti, K. A., & Andershed, H. (2017). The prospective usefulness of callous-unemotional traits and conduct disorder in predicting treatment engagement among detained girls. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(1), 75\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-016-0869-7","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-018-9653-y","volume":"40","author":"OF Colins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Andershed, H., Salekin, R. T., & Fanti, K. A. (2018). Comparing different approaches for subtyping children with conduct problems: Callous-Unemotional traits only versus the multidimensional psychopathy construct. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 40(1), 6\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-018-9653-y","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-020-09799-3","volume":"42","author":"OF Colins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Van Damme, L., Hendriks, A. M., & Georgiou, G. (2020). The DSM-5 with limited prosocial emotions specifier for conduct disorder: A systematic literature review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 42(2), 248\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-020-09799-3","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"8","key":"1353_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.09.022","volume":"60","author":"OF Colins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Fanti, K. A., & Andershed, H. (2021). The DSM-5 limited prosocial emotions specifier for conduct disorder: Comorbid problems, prognosis, and antecedents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(8), 1020\u20131029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.09.022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"1353_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2020.101774","volume":"80","author":"OF Colins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Van Damme, L., & Andershed, H. (2022). Testing the utility of the psychopathy construct for predicting criminal recidivism among detained girls. Journal of Criminal Justice, 80, 101774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2020.101774","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"issue":"4","key":"1353_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911221094256","volume":"30","author":"OF Colins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Bisback, A., Recul\u00e9, C., Batky, B. D., Lopez-Romero, L., Hare, R. D., & Salekin, R. T. (2023a). The proposed specifiers for conduct disorder (PSCD) scale: Factor structure and validation of the self-report version in a forensic sample of Belgian youth. Assessment, 30(4), 1302\u20131320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10731911221094256","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"10","key":"1353_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.09.026","volume":"62","author":"OF Colins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., Andershed, H., L\u00f3pez-Romero, L., & Romero, E. (2023b). The prognostic usefulness of multiple specifiers for subtyping conduct problems in early childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 62(10), S160\u2013S161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.09.026","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1353_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.05.022","volume":"63","author":"OF Colins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Colins, O. F., L\u00f3pez-Romero, L., Romero, E., & Andershed, H. (2024). The prognostic usefulness of multiple specifiers for subtyping conduct problems in early childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 63(4), 443\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.05.022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"1353_CR31","unstructured":"Day, A., Casey, S., Ward, T., Howells, K., & Vess, J. (2010). Transitions to better lives: Offender readiness and rehabilitation. Willan Publishing."},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR32","first-page":"204","volume":"34","author":"RA Desai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Desai, R. A., Goulet, J. L., Robbins, J., Chapman, J. F., Migdole, S. J., & Hoge, M. A. (2006). Mental health care in juvenile detention facilities: A review. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 34(2), 204\u2013214. PMID: 16844801.","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1353_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517698822","volume":"35","author":"DR DeSorcy","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeSorcy, D. R., Olver, M. E., & Wormith, J. S. (2020). Working alliance and psychopathy: Linkages to treatment outcome in a sample of treated sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(7\u20138), 1739\u20131760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260517698822","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-1849(96)80002-3","volume":"5","author":"R DiGiuseppe","year":"1996","unstructured":"DiGiuseppe, R., Linscott, J., & Jilton, R. (1996). Developing the therapeutic alliance in child\u2014adolescent psychotherapy. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 5(2), 85\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0962-1849(96)80002-3","journal-title":"Applied and Preventive Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1353_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-024-01167-z","volume":"52","author":"M Elhami Athar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elhami Athar, M. (2024). Utility of multiple specifiers for subtyping oppositional defiant problems: Investigating multiple psychopathy dimensions as specifiers. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 52(6), 949\u2013967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-024-01167-z","journal-title":"Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-025-10207-x","volume":"47","author":"M Elhami Athar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elhami Athar, M. (2025). Utilizing multiple psychopathy components as specifiers for conduct problems: Implications for subtyping conduct problems in school-attending youths. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 47(2), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-025-10207-x","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"1353_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2022.2117046","volume":"105","author":"M Elhami Athar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elhami Athar, M., Kargari Padar, L., Sharifi Nejad, A., Karimi, S., Ebrahimi, A., Salekin, R. T., & Colins, O. F. (2023). Validation of the proposed specifiers for conduct disorder (PSCD) self-report version in Iranian school-attending adolescents. Journal of Personality Assessment, 105(4), 555\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2022.2117046","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"1353_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2007.11.005","volume":"30","author":"C Englebrecht","year":"2008","unstructured":"Englebrecht, C., Peterson, D., Scherer, A., & Naccarato, T. (2008). It\u2019s not my fault: Acceptance of responsibility as a component of engagement in juvenile residential treatment. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(4), 466\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2007.11.005","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"1353_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2012.00809.x","volume":"22","author":"KA Fanti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fanti, K. A., & Kimonis, E. R. (2012). Bullying and victimization: The role of conduct problems and psychopathic traits. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(4), 617\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2012.00809.x","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"1353_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-008-9111-3","volume":"31","author":"KA Fanti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fanti, K. A., Frick, P. J., & Georgiou, S. (2009). Linking callous-unemotional traits to instrumental and non-instrumental forms of aggression. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 285\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-008-9111-3","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"key":"1353_CR41","unstructured":"Fisher, R. A. (1970). Statistical methods for research workers. Oliver and Boyd."},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424jccp2901_10","volume":"29","author":"P Florsheim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Florsheim, P., Shotorbani, S., Guest-Warnick, G., Barratt, T., & Hwang, W. C. (2000). Role of the working alliance in the treatment of delinquent boys in community-based programs. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29(1), 94\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15374424jccp2901_10","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child Psychology"},{"key":"1353_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t62639-000","author":"JP Frick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frick, J. P. (2004). Inventory of callous\u2013unemotional traits. APA PsycTests. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t62639-000. Database record.","journal-title":"APA PsycTests"},{"key":"1353_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102215","volume":"98","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frick, P. J. (2022). We do know that multiple dimensions of psychopathy can contribute to research on and diagnosis of conduct disorder: The question is how. Clinical Psychology Review, 98, 102215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102215","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"1353_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143150","volume":"8","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frick, P. J., & Nigg, J. T. (2012). Current issues in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 77\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143150","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1353_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.4.382","volume":"12","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frick, P. J., Bodin, S. D., & Barry, C. T. (2000). Psychopathic traits and conduct problems in community and clinic-referred samples of children: Further development of the psychopathy screening device. Psychological Assessment, 12(4), 382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.12.4.382","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033076","volume":"140","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frick, P. J., Ray, J. V., Thornton, L. C., & Kahn, R. E. (2014a). Can Callous-Unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents?? A comprehensive review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 1\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033076","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033076","volume":"140","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frick, P. J., Ray, J. V., Thornton, L. C., & Kahn, R. E. (2014b). Can Callous-Unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents?? A comprehensive review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 1\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033076","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000205","volume":"88","author":"L Frogner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frogner, L., Gibson, C. L., Andershed, A. K., & Andershed, H. (2018). Childhood psychopathic personality and Callous-Unemotional traits in the prediction of conduct problems. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 88(2), 211\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ort0000205","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"1353_CR50","unstructured":"George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 11.0 update (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon."},{"issue":"3","key":"1353_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-011-9159-1","volume":"41","author":"AT Harder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harder, A. T., Knorth, E. J., & Kalverboer, M. E. (2012). Securing the downside up: Client and care factors associated with outcomes of secure residential youth care. Child & Youth Care Forum, 41(3), 259\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10566-011-9159-1","journal-title":"Child & Youth Care Forum"},{"key":"1353_CR52","unstructured":"Hare, R. D. (2003). Manual for the revised psychopathy checklist. Multi-Health Systems."},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1081\/ada-200047913","volume":"31","author":"JM Hawke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hawke, J. M., Hennen, J., & Gallione, P. (2005). Correlates of therapeutic involvement among adolescents in residential drug treatment. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 31(1), 163\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1081\/ada-200047913","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000029","volume":"124","author":"LW Hyde","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hyde, L. W., Burt, S. A., Shaw, D. S., Donnellan, M. B., & Forbes, E. E. (2015). Early starting, aggressive, and\/or Callous-Unemotional? Examining the overlap and predictive utility of antisocial behavior subtypes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(2), 329\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000029","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"1353_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., Williamson, D., & Ryan, N. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 980\u2013988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034585","volume":"26","author":"ER Kimonis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kimonis, E. R., Fanti, K., Goldweber, A., Marsee, M. A., Frick, P. J., & Cauffman, E. (2014). Callous-Unemotional traits in incarcerated adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 227\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0034585","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033387","volume":"140","author":"BB Lahey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lahey, B. B. (2014). What we need to know about Callous-Unemotional traits: Comment on frick, ray, thornton, and Kahn (2014). Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 58\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033387","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"1353_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.1.2954.13672014","author":"W Lenhard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lenhard, W., & Lenhard, A. (2014). Hypothesis tests for comparing correlations. Psychometrica. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.2954.13672014","journal-title":"Psychometrica"},{"issue":"7","key":"1353_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-0007-x","volume":"43","author":"O Lindhiem","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lindhiem, O., Bennett, C. B., Hipwell, A. E., & Pardini, D. A. (2015). Beyond symptom counts for diagnosing oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(7), 1379\u20131387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-015-0007-x","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000093","volume":"54","author":"LA Mattos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mattos, L. A., Schmidt, A. T., Henderson, C. E., & Hogue, A. (2017). Therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome in the outpatient treatment of urban adolescents: The role of callous\u2013unemotional traits. Psychotherapy, 54(2), 136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pst0000093","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1353_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedinformatics2030028","volume":"2","author":"P Nieminen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nieminen, P. (2022). Application of standardized regression coefficient in meta-analysis. BioMedInformatics, 2(3), 434\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedinformatics2030028","journal-title":"BioMedInformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2370080210","volume":"8","author":"JR Ogloff","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ogloff, J. R., Wong, S., & Greenwood, A. (1990). Treating criminal psychopaths in a therapeutic community program. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 8(2), 181\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bsl.2370080210","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015001","volume":"77","author":"ME Olver","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olver, M. E., & Wong, S. C. P. (2009). Therapeutic responses of psychopathic sexual offenders: Treatment attrition, therapeutic change, and long-term recidivism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(2), 328\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015001","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.10.005","volume":"51","author":"D Pardini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pardini, D., Stepp, S., Hipwell, A., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Loeber, R. (2012). The clinical utility of the proposed DSM-5 Callous-Unemotional subtype of conduct disorder in young girls. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(1), 62\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.10.005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"1353_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241313282","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X241313282","volume":"0306624X","author":"P Pechorro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pechorro, P., Bonf\u00e1-Araujo, B., Nunes Baptista, M., Nunes, C., DeLisi, M., & Salekin, R. T. (2025). Psychometric examination of the proposed specifiers for conduct disorder Self-Report (PSCD) among an adult community sample from Brazil. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 0306624X, 241313282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624X241313282","journal-title":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"},{"key":"1353_CR66","unstructured":"Reichart, C. G., Wals, M., & Hillegers, M. (2000). Vertaling K-sads. H.C. R\u00fcmke Groep."},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911211044534","volume":"30","author":"D Ribeiro da Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ribeiro da Silva, D., Sousa, R., Rijo, D., Mendez, B., Tsang, S., & Salekin, R. T. (2023). Proposed specifiers for conduct disorder (PSCD): Factor structure and validation of the self-report version in community and forensic samples of Portuguese youth. Assessment, 30(1), 124\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10731911211044534","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000150","volume":"7","author":"Salekin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salekin. (2016). Psychopathy in childhood: Toward better informing the DSM-5 and ICD-11 conduct disorder specifiers. Personality Disorders-Theory Research and Treatment, 7(2), 180\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/per0000150","journal-title":"Personality Disorders-Theory Research and Treatment"},{"key":"1353_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salekin, R.T. (2022). Some critical comments on the paper titled \u201cSome critical considerations in applying the construct of psychopathy to research and classification of childhood disruptive behavior disorders\u201d. Clinical psychology review, 98, 102214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102214"},{"issue":"11","key":"1353_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12738","volume":"58","author":"RT Salekin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salekin, R. T. (2017). Research review: What do we know about psychopathic traits in children? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(11), 1180\u20131200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12738","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"1353_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salekin, R. T., & Hare, R. D. (2016). Proposed specifiers for conduct disorder (PSCD) scale. Department of Psychology University of Alabama.","DOI":"10.1037\/t91056-000"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2013.787559","volume":"12","author":"TP Simpson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simpson, T. P., Frick, P. J., Kahn, R. E., & Evans, L. J. (2013). Therapeutic alliance in Justice-Involved adolescents undergoing mental health treatment: The role of Callous-Unemotional traits. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 12(2), 83\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14999013.2013.787559","journal-title":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1353_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2011.617541","volume":"22","author":"JP Tangney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Hafez, L. (2011). Shame, guilt, and remorse: Implications for offender populations. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 22(5), 706\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14789949.2011.617541","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1353_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3928\/01484834-20230415-02","volume":"62","author":"JM Taylor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taylor, J. M., & Alanazi, S. (2023). Cohen\u2019s and hedges\u2019 g. Journal of Nursing Education, 62(5), 316\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01484834-20230415-02","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"1353_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.10.012","volume":"220","author":"L Van Damme","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Damme, L., Colins, O. E., & Vanderplasschen, W. (2014). Gender differences in psychiatric disorders and clusters of self-esteem among detained adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 220(3), 991\u2013997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.10.012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"1353_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.10.010","volume":"59","author":"L Van Damme","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Damme, L., Hoeve, M., Vanderplasschen, W., Vermeiren, R., Grisso, T., & Colins, O. F. (2015). Detained girls\u2019 treatment engagement over time: The role of psychopathology and quality of life. Children and Youth Services Review, 59, 47\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.10.010","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"1353_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854815613104","volume":"43","author":"L Van Damme","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Damme, L., Colins, O. F., & Vanderplasschen, W. (2016a). The limited prosocial emotions specifier for conduct disorder among detained girls: A Multi-Informant approach. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43(6), 778\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093854815613104","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"1353_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000177","volume":"40","author":"L Van Damme","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Damme, L., Hoeve, M., Vermeiren, R., Vanderplasschen, W., & Colins, O. F. (2016b). Quality of life in relation to future mental health problems and offending: Testing the good lives model among detained girls. Law and Human Behavior, 40(3), 285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/lhb0000177","journal-title":"Law and Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"1353_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-024-00792-2","volume":"18","author":"PM Waaler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Waaler, P. M., Bergseth, J., Vaskinn, L., Espenes, K., Holtan, T., Kj\u00f8bli, J., & Bj\u00f8rnebekk, G. (2024). Identification of treatment elements for adolescents with callous unemotional traits: A systematic narrative review. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 18(1), 110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-024-00792-2","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1353_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316031000116247","volume":"9","author":"T Ward","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ward, T., & Stewart, C. (2003). Criminogenic needs and human needs: A theoretical model. Psychology Crime & Law, 9(2), 125\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1068316031000116247","journal-title":"Psychology Crime & Law"},{"key":"1353_CR81","unstructured":"WHO (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https:\/\/icd.who.int\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"1353_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12494","volume":"57","author":"S Wilkinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilkinson, S., Waller, R., & Viding, E. (2016). Practitioner review: Involving young people with callous unemotional traits in treatment\u2013does it work? A systematic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(5), 552\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12494","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"1353_CR83","unstructured":"Wong, S., & Hare, R. D. (2006). Guidelines for a psychopathy treatment program. Multi-Health Systems."}],"container-title":["Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-025-01353-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10802-025-01353-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-025-01353-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T10:12:50Z","timestamp":1760436770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10802-025-01353-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-025-01353-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-7166","2730-7174"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2730-7166"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2730-7174"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 July 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by an ethical review board. Consent to participate and publish were provided by participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Participants signed a written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Participants signed a written informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}