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We examine these opportunities through the lens of \u2018affordances\u2019, which refers to the specific possibilities a technology offers when users interact with it. This lens provides a frame of reference that can help researchers better understand and exploit the opportunities VR offers for the design of assessments and treatments, boost their effectiveness, and provide a shared vocabulary across disciplines. We illustrate the utility of this approach with a scoping review of VR applications in forensic settings. Most of the 25 studies that were included used multiple VR affordances. While all studies employed transportation (100%), i.e., sensory immersion in a virtual environment that differs from the current physical environment, fewer utilized transformation (30%), i.e., user-embodiment in avatars with characteristics that differ from their own. The proposed affordances-based approach offers a transdiagnostic and user-centered approach to guide development and design of VR-based assessment and treatment across diverse mental health domains. It provides a shared conceptual approach for the organization of intervention components as well as for communication between stakeholders, facilitating the conversion of an idea into a full intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-025-01383-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T15:37:01Z","timestamp":1761320221000},"page":"1843-1863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Affordances-Based Approach and Scoping Review of Virtual Reality Applications in Forensic Behavioral and Mental Health Assessment and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9279-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther C. 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