{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:39:06Z","timestamp":1792071546388,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006211","name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Children with social anxiety disorder (SAD) often perceive their social performance more negatively than external observers, reinforcing negative self-appraisals. Cognitive models suggest a vicious cycle between such distortions and heightened anxiety. This study tested whether repeated exposure to a social-evaluative task, paired with brief, ecologically valid support strategies, improves self-appraisal in children with SAD compared to baseline without support. Participants were 76 children (SAD:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200933,\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = 11.73,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.46, 64% female; healthy controls [HC]:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200943,\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = 11.40,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.45, 62% female), recruited from an urban setting in Germany. In two sessions one week apart, children delivered a 5-min speech to a peer video audience. In Session 1, they performed without support; in Session 2, they received either brief parental support or a self-instruction during preparation. After each speech, children rated their performance. Observer-rated performance was assessed by three independent, trained coders blind to group, session, and condition. Self-rated performance improved across sessions in both groups, but children with SAD consistently rated themselves more negatively than HC peers. Observer-rated performance did not differ between groups or across sessions. No differential effects emerged between support types. Negative self-appraisal is a core, though partially modifiable, feature of childhood SAD. Repeated exposure to social stress paired with brief support may modestly improve self-perception, though effects may reflect exposure rather than specific support. Targeting distorted self-appraisals remains a key clinical focus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-026-01422-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:39:26Z","timestamp":1773315566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Self-Evaluation in Childhood Social Anxiety Disorder: Effects of Repeated Exposure with Support Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3768-0153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Vietmeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2565-7792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brunna","family":"Tuschen-Caffier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2740-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Asbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition). American Psychiatric Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"10","key":"1422_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9101515","volume":"9","author":"J Asbrand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asbrand, J., & Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2022). Taking a closer look at social performance in childhood social anxiety disorder: Biopsychosocial context considerations and effects of cognitive behavior therapy. Children, 9(10), Article 1515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children9101515","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"12","key":"1422_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-019-00558-x","volume":"47","author":"J Asbrand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asbrand, J., Schmitz, J., Kr\u00e4mer, M., Nitschke, K., Heinrichs, N., & Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2019). Effects of group-based CBT on post-event processing in children with social anxiety disorder following an experimental social stressor. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(12), 1945\u20131956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-019-00558-x","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"1422_CR4","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: The exercise of control","author":"A Bandura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W H Freeman."},{"issue":"3","key":"1422_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2009.06.002","volume":"32","author":"K Beesdo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beesdo, K., Knappe, S., & Pine, D. S. (2009). Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: Developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 32(3), 483\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2009.06.002","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(00)80005-2","volume":"31","author":"DC Beidel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., Hamlin, K., & Morris, T. L. (2000). The social phobia and anxiety inventory for children (SPAI-C): External and discriminative validity. Behavior Therapy, 31(1), 75\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7894(00)80005-2","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12107","volume":"25","author":"AW Bl\u00f6te","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bl\u00f6te, A. W., Miers, A. C., & Westenberg, P. M. (2015a). The role of social performance and physical attractiveness in peer rejection of socially anxious adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 25(1), 189\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jora.12107","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"issue":"2","key":"1422_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.039713","volume":"6","author":"AW Bl\u00f6te","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bl\u00f6te, A. W., Poungjit, A., Miers, A. C., Van Beek, Y., & Westenberg, P. M. (2015b). The speech performance observation scale for youth (SPOSY): Assessing social performance characteristics related to social anxiety. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 6(2), 168\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5127\/jep.039713","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1422_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199707000-00012","volume":"59","author":"A Buske-Kirschbaum","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buske-Kirschbaum, A., Jobst, S., Wustmans, A., Kirschbaum, C., Rauh, W., & Hellhammer, D. (1997). Attenuated free cortisol response to psychosocial stress in children with atopic dermatitis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59(4), 419\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006842-199707000-00012","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1422_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00159","volume":"44","author":"S Cartwright-Hatton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cartwright-Hatton, S., Hodges, L., & Porter, J. (2003). Social anxiety in childhood: The relationship with self and observer rated social skills. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(5), 737\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00159","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.12.003","volume":"43","author":"S Cartwright-Hatton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cartwright-Hatton, S., Tschernitz, N., & Gomersall, H. (2005). Social anxiety in children: Social skills deficit, or cognitive distortion? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(1), 131\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2003.12.003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"1422_CR12","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","author":"DM Clark","year":"1995","unstructured":"Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69\u201393). The Guilford Press."},{"key":"1422_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (0 ed). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203771587","edition":"0 ed"},{"issue":"32","key":"1422_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28130","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03755-y","volume":"42","author":"J Ernst","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ernst, J., Ollmann, T. M., K\u00f6nig, E., Pieper, L., Voss, C., Hoyer, J., R\u00fcckert, F., Knappe, S., & Beesdo-Baum, K. (2023). Social anxiety in adolescents and young adults from the general population: An epidemiological characterization of fear and avoidance in different social situations. Current Psychology, 42(32), 28130\u201328145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-022-03755-y","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1422_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"1422_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245920951747","volume":"3","author":"DB Flora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Flora, D. B. (2020). Your coefficient alpha is probably wrong, but which coefficient omega is right? A tutorial on using R to obtain better reliability estimates. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(4), 484\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2515245920951747","journal-title":"Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2307\/1130905","volume":"63","author":"W Furman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1992). Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships. Child Development, 63(1), 103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1130905","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"1422_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","volume":"38","author":"R Goodman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), 581\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"1422_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1989). Effects of marital discord on young children's peer interaction and health. Developmental psychology, 25(3), 373.","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.25.3.373"},{"key":"1422_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-375096-9.00015-8","volume-title":"Social Anxiety","author":"RG Heimberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heimberg, R. G., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2010). A Cognitive Behavioral Model of Social Anxiety Disorder. Social Anxiety (pp. 395\u2013422). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-375096-9.00015-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"1422_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1017\/s1352465808004487","volume":"36","author":"KJ Hodson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hodson, K. J., McManus, F. V., Clark, D. M., & Doll, H. (2008). Can Clark and Wells\u2019 (1995) cognitive model of social phobia be applied to young people? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36(4), 449\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1352465808004487","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(01)80052-6","volume":"32","author":"DR Hopko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hopko, D. R., McNeil, D. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Eifert, G. H. (2001). The relation between anxiety and skill in performance-based anxiety disorders: A behavioral formulation of social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 185\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7894(01)80052-6","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032671","volume":"140","author":"CE Hostinar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hostinar, C. E., Sullivan, R. M., & Gunnar, M. R. (2014). Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the social buffering of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis: A review of animal models and human studies across development. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 256\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0032671","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"1422_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-006-9166-y","volume":"37","author":"PE Jose","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jose, P. E., & Brown, I. (2008). When does the gender difference in rumination begin? Gender and age differences in the use of rumination by adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(2), 180\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-006-9166-y","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"1422_CR25","unstructured":"Klasen, H., Woerner, W., Rothenberger, A., & Goodman, R. (2003). Die deutsche Fassung des Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Deu)\u2014\u00dcbersicht und Bewertung erster Validierungs- und Normierungsbefunde. https:\/\/www.psycharchives.org\/en\/item\/86f7e970-a515-4eb6-84e2-e942bda4d051"},{"issue":"11","key":"1422_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-021-00824-x","volume":"49","author":"AM Klein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klein, A. M., Liber, J. M., Van Lang, N. D. J., Reichart, C., Nauta, M., Van Widenfelt, B. M., & Utens, E. M. W. J. (2021). The role of social skills in predicting treatment-recovery in children with a social anxiety disorder. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(11), 1461\u20131472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-021-00824-x","journal-title":"Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1422_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","journal-title":"Journal of Chiropractic Medicine"},{"key":"1422_CR28","volume-title":"The Children\u2019s Depression Inventory. Technical manual update.","author":"M Kovacs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kovacs, M. (2003). The Children\u2019s Depression Inventory. Technical manual update. (1st ed). Multi-Health Systems.","edition":"1st ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"1422_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.0016311","volume":"2","author":"M Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer, M., Schmitz, J., Heinrichs, N., & Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2011). Self-evaluation, social and cognitive performance in children with social phobia. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 2(4), 586\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5127\/jep.0016311","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology"},{"key":"1422_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.092","volume":"278","author":"SL Kunas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kunas, S. L., Lautenbacher, L. M., Lueken, U., & Hilbert, K. (2021). Psychological predictors of cognitive-behavioral therapy outcomes for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 278, 614\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.092","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2201_2","volume":"22","author":"AM La Greca","year":"1993","unstructured":"La Greca, A. M., & Stone, W. L. (1993). Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised: Factor structure and concurrent validity. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22(1), 17\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp2201_2","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1422_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-021-02194-w","volume":"32","author":"N Lau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lau, N., Zhou, A. M., Yuan, A., Parigoris, R., Rosenberg, A. R., & Weisz, J. R. (2023). Social skills deficits and self-appraisal biases in children with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(9), 2889\u20132900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-021-02194-w","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"1422_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-018-0258-5","volume":"21","author":"E Leigh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leigh, E., & Clark, D. M. (2018). Understanding social anxiety disorder in adolescents and improving treatment outcomes: Applying the cognitive model of Clark and Wells (1995). Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(3), 388\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-018-0258-5","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"1422_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1026\/0012-1924\/a000153","volume":"61","author":"A Lohbeck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lohbeck, A., Schulthei\u00df, J., Petermann, F., & Petermann, U. (2015). Die Deutsche selbstbeurteilungsversion des strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ-Deu-S): Psychometrische eigenschaften, faktorenstruktur und grenzwerte. [The German self-report version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ-Deu-S): Psychometric properties, factor structure, and critical values]. Diagnostica, 61(4), 222\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1026\/0012-1924\/a000153","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"issue":"4","key":"1422_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.1977.9626708","volume":"6","author":"D Meichenbaum","year":"1977","unstructured":"Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive behaviour modification. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 6(4), 185\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16506073.1977.9626708","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy"},{"key":"1422_CR37","unstructured":"Melfsen, S., & Warnke, A. (2011). SASC-R-D \u2013 Social Anxiety Scale for Children Revised \u2013 Deutsche Version. In C. Barkmann, M. Schulte-Markwort, & E. Br\u00e4hler (Eds.), Klinisch-psychiatrische Ratingskalen f\u00fcr das Kindes- und Jugendalter (Vol. 6, pp. 406\u2013410). Hogrefe. 978-3-8017-2349-1."},{"issue":"6","key":"1422_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1024\/1422-4917\/a000138","volume":"39","author":"S Melfsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melfsen, S., Walitza, S., & Warnke, A. (2011). Psychometrische eigenschaften und normierung des sozialphobie und -angstinventars f\u00fcr kinder (SPAIK) an einer klinischen stichprobe. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 39(6), 399\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/1422-4917\/a000138","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie"},{"issue":"3","key":"1422_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2021.8","volume":"38","author":"AC Miers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miers, A. C. (2021). An investigation into the influence of positive peer feedback on self-relevant cognitions in social anxiety. Behaviour Change, 38(3), 193\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/bec.2021.8","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"issue":"12","key":"1422_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.07.017","volume":"47","author":"AC Miers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miers, A. C., Bl\u00f6te, A. W., Bokhorst, C. L., & Michiel Westenberg, P. (2009). Negative self-evaluations and the relation to performance level in socially anxious children and adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(12), 1043\u20131049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2009.07.017","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9345-x","volume":"38","author":"AC Miers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miers, A. C., Bl\u00f6te, A. W., & Westenberg, P. M. (2010). Peer perceptions of social skills in socially anxious and nonanxious adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(1), 33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-009-9345-x","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9651-6","volume":"41","author":"AC Miers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miers, A. C., Bl\u00f6te, A. W., De Rooij, M., Bokhorst, C. L., & Westenberg, P. M. (2013). Trajectories of social anxiety during adolescence and relations with cognition, social competence, and temperament. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(1), 97\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-012-9651-6","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1422_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.09.008","volume":"28","author":"AC Miers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miers, A. C., Bl\u00f6te, A. W., Heyne, D. A., & Westenberg, P. M. (2014). Developmental pathways of social avoidance across adolescence: The role of social anxiety and negative cognition. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(8), 787\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.09.008","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"1422_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3502_13","volume":"35","author":"J Morgan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morgan, J., & Banerjee, R. (2006). Social anxiety and self-evaluation of social performance in a nonclinical sample of children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 35(2), 292\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp3502_13","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1422_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.115.3.424","volume":"115","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Girgus, J. S. (1994). The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115(3), 424\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.115.3.424","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"1422_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026221101379","volume":"11","author":"A Pittig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pittig, A., Heinig, I., Goerigk, S., Richter, J., Hollandt, M., Lueken, U., Pauli, P., Deckert, J., Kircher, T., Straube, B., Neudeck, P., Koelkebeck, K., Dannlowski, U., Arolt, V., Fydrich, T., Fehm, L., Str\u00f6hle, A., Totzeck, C., Margraf, J., & Wittchen, H. U. (2023). Change of threat expectancy as mechanism of exposure-Based psychotherapy for anxiety disorders: Evidence from 8,484 exposure exercises of 605 patients. Clinical Psychological Science, 11(2), 199\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21677026221101379","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"1422_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.07.015","volume":"45","author":"PA Rao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rao, P. A., Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., Ammerman, R. T., Crosby, L. E., & Sallee, F. R. (2007). Social anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence: Descriptive psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(6), 1181\u20131191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2006.07.015","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1422_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.01.005","volume":"51","author":"RM Rapee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rapee, R. M., MacLeod, C., Carpenter, L., Gaston, J. E., Frei, J., Peters, L., & Baillie, A. J. (2013). Integrating cognitive bias modification into a standard cognitive behavioural treatment package for social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(4\u20135), 207\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2013.01.005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"1422_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103501","volume":"123","author":"RM Rapee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rapee, R. M., Oar, E. L., Johnco, C. J., Forbes, M. K., Fardouly, J., Magson, N. R., & Richardson, C. E. (2019). Adolescent development and risk for the onset of social-emotional disorders: A review and conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 123, Article 103501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103501","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1422_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001","volume":"6","author":"JTE Richardson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Richardson, J. T. E. (2011). Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 135\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"issue":"7","key":"1422_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.07.001","volume":"29","author":"L Rood","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rood, L., Roelofs, J., B\u00f6gels, S. M., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schouten, E. (2009). The influence of emotion-focused rumination and distraction on depressive symptoms in non-clinical youth: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(7), 607\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.07.001","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"1422_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-024-00789-9","volume":"45","author":"N Salari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salari, N., Heidarian, P., Hassanabadi, M., Babajani, F., Abdoli, N., Aminian, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2024). Global prevalence of social anxiety disorder in children, adolescents and youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Prevention, 45(5), 795\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10935-024-00789-9","journal-title":"Journal of Prevention"},{"key":"1422_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.05.008","volume":"42","author":"S Scaini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scaini, S., Belotti, R., Ogliari, A., & Battaglia, M. (2016). A comprehensive meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral interventions for social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 42, 105\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.05.008","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"1422_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2014.895938","volume":"44","author":"LA Scharfstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scharfstein, L. A., & Beidel, D. C. (2015). Social skills and social acceptance in children with anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(5), 826\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2014.895938","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1422_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9421-2","volume":"38","author":"J Schmitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schmitz, J., Kr\u00e4mer, M., Blechert, J., & Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2010). Post-event processing in children with social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(7), 911\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-010-9421-2","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1422_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.09.001","volume":"49","author":"J Schmitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schmitz, J., Kr\u00e4mer, M., & Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2011). Negative post-event processing and decreased self-appraisals of performance following social stress in childhood social anxiety: An experimental study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(11), 789\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2011.09.001","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"1422_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schneider, S., Pflug, V., Margraf, J., & In-Albon, T. (2017). Kinder-DIPS: Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen St\u00f6rungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter [PDF]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13154\/RUB.101.90","DOI":"10.13154\/RUB.101.90"},{"key":"1422_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-04927-9_12","volume-title":"Clinical guide to exposure therapy: Beyond phobias","author":"S Schneider","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schneider, S., Pflug, V., & Lavallee, K. L. (2022). Applying exposure therapy with children. Clinical guide to exposure therapy: Beyond phobias (pp. 221\u2013237). Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-04927-9_12"},{"key":"1422_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.06.007","volume":"86","author":"SH Spence","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spence, S. H., & Rapee, R. M. (2016). The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 86, 50\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2016.06.007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"1422_CR60","volume-title":"Depressionsinventar f\u00fcr Kinder und Jugendliche","author":"J Stiensmeier-Pelster","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stiensmeier-Pelster, J., Braune-Krickau, M., Sch\u00fcrmann, M., & Duda, K. (2014). Depressionsinventar f\u00fcr Kinder und Jugendliche (3rd ed). Hogrefe.","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"1422_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taylor, S. E. (2012). Social Support: A Review. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Health Psychology (1st ed., pp. 190\u2013214). Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195342819.013.0009","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195342819.013.0009"},{"issue":"2","key":"1422_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.12.005","volume":"42","author":"B Tuschen-Caffier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tuschen-Caffier, B., K\u00fchl, S., & Bender, C. (2011). Cognitive-evaluative features of childhood social anxiety in a performance task. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(2), 233\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.12.005","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95032-8","volume":"15","author":"N Vietmeier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vietmeier, N., Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Asbrand, J. (2025). Social stress task with parental support or self-instruction decreases negative cognitions in children with social anxiety disorder. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 10220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-95032-8","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"1422_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.06.005","volume":"82","author":"PM Westenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Westenberg, P. M., Bokhorst, C. L., Miers, A. C., Sumter, S. R., Kallen, V. L., van Pelt, J., & Bl\u00f6te, A. W. (2009). A prepared speech in front of a pre-recorded audience: Subjective, physiological, and neuroendocrine responses to the Leiden Public Speaking Task. Biological Psychology, 82(2), 116\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.06.005","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1422_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0889-2","volume":"15","author":"DJ Stein","year":"2017","unstructured":"WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators, Stein, D. J., Lim, C. C. W., Roest, A. M., De Jonge, P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Bromet, E. J., Bruffaerts, R., De Girolamo, G., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Haro, J. M., Harris, M. G., He, Y., Hinkov, H., Horiguchi, I., \u2026 Scott, K. M. (2017). The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. BMC Medicine, 15(1), Article 143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-017-0889-2","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"1422_CR66","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2004). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th revision, 2nd edition). World Health Organization.","edition":"10th revision,"}],"container-title":["Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-026-01422-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10802-026-01422-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10802-026-01422-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:52:10Z","timestamp":1781639530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10802-026-01422-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-026-01422-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-7166","2730-7174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-7166","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-7174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Freiburg, Germany (application no. 24\/19), and conducted in accordance with the institutional guidelines and the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and their legal guardians following detailed written and verbal explanations of the study procedures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing of interest"}}],"article-number":"45"}}