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Current research suggests that simulations within virtual reality (VR) improve traditional approaches. We expanded this research by developing a VR-based assessment (VR test) comprising three ambiguous and three hostile peer-related conflict scenarios. This pilot study examined the test\u2019s feasibility and psychometric properties in 8\u201312-year-old boys, including a clinical sample with aggressive behavior problems (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200942) and a non-clinical sample (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940). During the VR test, behavioral responses were observed and social information processing (SIP) explored. Additionally, we collected reports of peer-related aggression and disruptive behavior symptoms from parents, children, and teachers. Good feasibility of the test was demonstrated by various indicators (e.g., session duration, appeal, immersion). Internal consistencies of the aggressive behavioral response and SIP scales suggested mostly good reliability of the VR test scales. Intercorrelations between scale scores indicated partial overlaps (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.28\u2013.84). Discriminant validity of the VR test scenarios was demonstrated by higher scale scores for hostile than for ambiguous scenarios and higher scores for ambiguous scenarios compared to a neutral scenario (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Differences between the clinical and non-clinical sample revealed discriminant validity of VR test scales (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.57\u20131.76). With a few exceptions, correlations of the VR test scales with multi-informant ratings indicated convergent validity (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.02\u2013.71). Overall, these findings suggest feasibility and provide initial evidence of adequate psychometric properties. Further research is needed to ensure psychometric robustness and utility. Study registration:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.drks.de\/\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/www.drks.de\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    (Number\u2009=\u2009DRKS00032850, registration date\u2009=\u20092024\/01\/30, retrospectively registered).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-026-01481-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:41:10Z","timestamp":1783104070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Children\u2019s Responses to Peer Conflict Scenarios: Feasibility and Initial Psychometric Properties of an Interactive Virtual Reality Assessment in a Clinical and Non-Clinical Sample"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3040-3364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Klos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4094-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celina Eva-Maria","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2382-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Burwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7929-0463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfred","family":"D\u00f6pfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5874-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"G\u00f6rtz-Dorten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1481_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1177\/13591045211026160","volume":"26","author":"SC Alsem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alsem, S. 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Written and verbal informed assent was obtained from all participating children.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AGD and MD receive royalties from publishing companies for a manual used for developing the interactive virtual reality assessment and some of the rating scales used for evaluation. AGD has received income as head, supervisor, and lecturer of the Center for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CEKIP) and as a consultant for child behavior therapy at the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (Kassen\u00e4rztliche Bundesvereinigung). She has received royalties from publishing companies (Hogrefe, Huber, Kohlhammer, Springer) as an author of treatment manuals, books, and rating scales to assess mental disorders, and of psychological tests, computer programs, and smartphone applications. She has served as an Advisor for Digital Health Applications, for which she has received royalties from a company (eyelevel GmbH), and research support from the German Ministry of Education and Research. MD has received consulting income and research support from Medice, eyelevel GmbH, brainjo, and medigital, and research support from the German Research Foundation, the German Ministry of Education and Research, the German Ministry of Health, and the Innovation Fund. He has received income as head, supervisor, and lecturer of the Center for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CEKIP) and as a consultant for child behavior therapy at the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (Kassen\u00e4rztliche Bundesvereinigung). He has received royalties from treatment manuals, books, and psychological tests published by Beltz, Elsevier, Enke, Guilford, Hogrefe, Huber, Kohlhammer, Schattauer, Springer, and Wiley. All remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"85"}}