{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:21:49Z","timestamp":1793172109798,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]],"date-time":"2007-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Autism Dev Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0403-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T19:17:08Z","timestamp":1183058228000},"page":"362-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders in Pre-school Children Using Two Standardised Assessment Instruments: The ADI-R and the ADOS"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ann","family":"Le Couteur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyles","family":"Haden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Hammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"McConachie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"403_CR1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press Inc."},{"key":"403_CR47","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2004","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2004). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press Inc."},{"key":"403_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69041-7","volume":"368","author":"G. Baird","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baird, G., Siminoff, E., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., & Charman, T. (2006). Prevalence of disorders of the autistic spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: The Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). The Lancet, 368, 210\u2013215.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"403_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023080005650","volume":"29","author":"G. T. Baranek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baranek, G. T. (1999). Autism during infancy: A retrospective video of sensory-motor and social behaviours at 9\u201312\u00a0months of age. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 213\u2013224.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"403_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.175.5.444","volume":"175","author":"S. K. Berument","year":"1999","unstructured":"Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Pickles, A., & Bailey, A. (1999). Autism screening questionnaire: Diagnostic validity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 444\u2013451.","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"403_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00114","volume":"43","author":"D.V.M. Bishop","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bishop, D.V.M., & Norbury, C.F. (2002). Exploring the borderlands of autistic disorder and specific language impairment: A study using standardised diagnostic instruments. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 43, 917\u2013929.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"403_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370304800802","volume":"48","author":"S. E. Bryson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bryson, S. E., Rogers, S. J., & Fombonne, E. (2003). Autism spectrum disorders: Early detection, intervention, education, and psychopharmacological management. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 506\u2013518.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"403_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.24.3093","volume":"285","author":"S. Chakrabarti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chakrabarti, S., & Fombonne, E. (2001). Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 3093\u20133099.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"403_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1133","volume":"162","author":"S. Chakrabarti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chakrabarti, S., & Fombonne, E. (2005). Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children: Confirmation of high prevalence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1133\u20131141.","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"403_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1199","volume":"358","author":"T. Charman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Charman, T. (2003). Why is joint attention a pivotal skill in autism? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London\u2014Series B: Biological Sciences, 358, 315\u2013324.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London\u2014Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"403_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00022","volume":"43","author":"T. Charman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Charman, T., & Baird, G. (2002). Practitioner review: Diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder in 2- and 3- year-old children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 43, 289\u2013305.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"403_CR11","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences","author":"J. Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"403_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01584.x","volume":"47","author":"G. Conti-Ramsden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Conti-Ramsden, G., Simkin, Z., & Botting, N. (2006). The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in adolescents with a history of specific language impairment (SLI). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 621\u2013628.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"403_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00488","volume":"40","author":"A. Cox","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cox, A., Klein, K., Charman, T., Baird, G., Baron-Cohen, S., Swettenham, J., Drew, A., & Wheelwright, S. (1999). Autistic spectrum disorders at 20 and 42\u00a0months of age: Stability of clinical and ADI-R diagnosis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40, 719\u2013732.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"403_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022604.22374.5f","volume":"34","author":"A. Bildt de","year":"2004","unstructured":"de Bildt, A., Systema, S., Ketelaars, C., Kraijer, D., Mulder, E., Volkmar, F., & Minderaa, R. (2004). Interrelationship between Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule\u2014Generic (ADOS-G), Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2014Revised (ADI-R), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) classification in children and adolescents with mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 129\u2013137.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"403_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870050058","volume":"7","author":"A. Giacomo De","year":"1998","unstructured":"De Giacomo, A., & Fombonne, E. (1998). Parental recognition of developmental abnormalities in autism. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 7, 131\u2013136.","journal-title":"European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"403_CR16","volume-title":"Statistics in Psychiatry","author":"G. Dunn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dunn, G. (2000). Statistics in Psychiatry. London: Arnold."},{"key":"403_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021943802493","volume":"29","author":"P. A. Filipek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. J., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., Gordon, B., Gravel, J. S., Johnson, C. P., Kallen, R. J., Levy, S. E., Minshew, N. J., Prizant, B. M., Rapen, I., Rogers, S. J., Stone, W. L., Teplin, S., Tuchman, R. F., & Volkmar, F. R. (1999). The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 439\u2013484.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"403_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x","volume":"31","author":"C. Gillberg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gillberg, C., Ehlers, S., Schaumann, H., & Jakobsson, G. (1990). Autism under age 3\u00a0years: A clinical study of 28 cases referred for autistic symptoms in infancy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 31, 921\u2013934.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"403_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0280-1","volume":"37","author":"K. Gotham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gotham, K., Risi, S., Pickles, A., & Lord, C. (2006). The autism diagnostic observation schedule: Revised algorithms for improved diagnostic validity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 613\u2013627.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"403_CR20","first-page":"1365","volume":"37","author":"K. M. Gray","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gray, K. M., & Tonge, B. J. (2001). Are there early features of autism in infants and and preschool children? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 37, 1365\u20131382.","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"key":"403_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Honey, E., McConachie, H., Randle, V., Shearer, H., & Le Couteur, A. S. (2006). One-year change in repetitive behaviours in young children with communication disorders including autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. (In Press), doi: 10.1007\/s10803-006-0191-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0191-1"},{"key":"403_CR22","volume-title":"The National Autism Plan for Children","author":"A. S. Le Couteur","year":"2003","unstructured":"Le Couteur, A. S. (2003) The National Autism Plan for Children. London: National Autistic Society, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, and the All Party Parliamentary Group on Autism."},{"key":"403_CR23","volume-title":"The Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2014Revised (ADI-R)","author":"A. Le Couteur","year":"2003","unstructured":"Le Couteur, A., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (2003). The Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2014Revised (ADI-R). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"403_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x","volume":"36","author":"C. Lord","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lord, C. (1995). Follow-up of two-year-olds referred for possible autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 36, 1365\u20131382.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"403_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005592401947","volume":"30","author":"C. Lord","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, H. E., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule\u2014Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205\u2013223.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"403_CR26","volume-title":"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule","author":"C. Lord","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. D., & Risi, S. (2001). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"403_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145","volume":"24","author":"C. Lord","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2014Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659\u2013685.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"403_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200212000-00016","volume":"41","author":"D. S. Mandell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mandell, D. S., Listerud, J., Levy, S. E., & Pinto-Martin, J. A. (2002). Race differences in the age at diagnosis among Medicaid-eligible children with autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 1447\u20131453.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"403_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361306068505","volume":"10","author":"C. A. Mazefsky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mazefsky, C. A., & Oswald, D. P. (2006). The discriminative ability and diagnostic utility of the ADOS-G, ADI-R, and GARS for children in a clinical setting. Autism, 10, 533\u2013549.","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"403_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-004-1995-5","volume":"35","author":"H. McConachie","year":"2005","unstructured":"McConachie, H., Le Couteur, A., & Honey, E. (2005). Can a diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome be made in very young children with suspected autism spectrum disorder? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 167\u2013176.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"403_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.03.056","volume":"147","author":"H. McConachie","year":"2005","unstructured":"McConachie, H., Randle, V., Hammal, D., & Le Couteur, A. (2005). A controlled trial of a training programme for parents of children with suspected autism spectrum disorder. The Journal of Paediatrics, 147, 335\u2013340.","journal-title":"The Journal of Paediatrics"},{"key":"403_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00771.x","volume":"44","author":"J. Michelotti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Michelotti, J., Charman, T., Slonims, V., & Baird, G. (2002). Follow-up of children with language delay and features of autism from preschool years to middle childhood. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 44, 812\u2013819.","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"403_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206000788","volume":"48","author":"C. Miniscalco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miniscalco, C., Nygren, G., Hagberg, B., Kadesj\u00f6, B., & Gillberg, C. (2006). Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental outcome of children at age 6 and 7 years who screened positive for language problems at 30\u00a0months. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 48, 361\u2013366.","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"403_CR34","first-page":"47","volume":"7","author":"V. Moore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moore, V., & Goodson, S. (2003). How well does early diagnosis of autism stand the test of time? Follow-up study of children assessed for autism at age 2 and development of an early diagnostic service. Autism, 7, 47\u201363.","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"403_CR35","volume-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning","author":"E. Mullen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mullen, E. (1995). Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Circle Pines, MS: American Guidance Service."},{"key":"403_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361302006002003","volume":"6","author":"M. Noterdaeme","year":"2002","unstructured":"Noterdaeme, M., Mildenberger, K., Sitter, S., & Amarosa, H. (2002). Parent information and direct observation in the diagnosis of pervasive and specific developmental disorders. Autism, 6, 159\u2013168.","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"403_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3403_8","volume":"34","author":"S. Ozonoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ozonoff, S., Goodlin-Jones, B.L., & Solomon, M. (2005). Evidence-based assessment of autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 523\u2013540.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"403_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000227880.42780.0e","volume":"45","author":"S. Risi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Risi, S., Lord, C., Gotham, K., Corsello, C., Chrysler, C., Szatmari, P., Cook, E. H. Jr., Leventhal, B. L., & Pickles, A. (2006). Combining information from multiple sources in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 1094\u20131103.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"403_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199906000-00022","volume":"38","author":"J. M. Robertson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robertson, J. M., Tanguay, P. E., L\u2019Ecuyer, S., Sims, A., & Waltrip, C. (1999). Domains of social communication handicap in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 738\u2013745.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"403_CR40","unstructured":"Shearer, H. (2001). Executive function and autistic symptomatology in very young children. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham."},{"key":"403_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00435","volume":"40","author":"W. L. Stone","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stone, W. L., Lee, E. B., Ashford, L., Brissie, J., Hepburn, S. L., Coonrod, E. E., &Weiss, B. H. (1999). Can autism be diagnosed accurately in children under 3\u00a0years? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40, 219\u2013226.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"403_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200009000-00007","volume":"39","author":"P. E. Tanguay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tanguay, P. E. (2000). Pervasive developmental disorders: A 10- year review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1079\u20131095.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"403_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0128-8","volume":"36","author":"P. E. Ventola","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ventola, P. E., Kleinman, J., Pandey, J., Barton, M., Allen, S., Green, J., Robins, D., & Fein, D. (2006). Agreement among four diagnostic instruments for Autism Spectrum Disorders in toddlers. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 839\u2013847.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"403_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070159","volume":"56","author":"F. R. Volkmar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Volkmar, F. R., Charwarska, K., & Klin, A. (2005). Autism in infancy and early childhood. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 315\u2013336.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"403_CR44","volume-title":"The Autistic Spectrum: A Guide for Parents and Professionals","author":"L. Wing","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wing, L. (1996). The Autistic Spectrum: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. UK: Constable and Robinson."},{"key":"403_CR45","volume-title":"The Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1992). The Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Geneva: Author."}],"container-title":["Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-007-0403-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-007-0403-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-007-0403-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T00:52:36Z","timestamp":1559263956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10803-007-0403-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-007-0403-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-3257","1573-3432"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-3257","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3432","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]]}}}