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This prospective open-label 12-week trial included 10 subjects with a mean age of 21.5 years, randomized to receive unilateral or bilateral stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>One participant dropped out of the study due to intolerability. In both treatment arms, depressive symptoms, scored on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores, diminished substantially. At 12 weeks post-treatment, full remission was sustained in 5 subjects and partial remission in 3 subjects. Treatment with ATBS, regardless of the site of stimulation, was associated with a significant, substantial, and sustained improvement in depressive symptomatology via the primary outcome measure, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Additional secondary measures, including self-report depression scales, fluid cognition, and sleep quality, also showed significant improvement. No serious adverse events occurred during the study. Mild transient headaches were infrequently reported, which are expected side effects of ATBS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Overall, ATBS treatment was highly effective and well-tolerated in individuals with ASD and co-occurring MDD. The findings support the need for a larger, sham-controlled randomized controlled trial to further evaluate efficacy of ATBS in this population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-024-06244-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T03:54:56Z","timestamp":1715745296000},"page":"940-954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Accelerated Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Refractory Depression in Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Blank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald L.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve W.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Larsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Elmaghraby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Westerkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Greenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7954-5104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest V.","family":"Pedapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6244_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.01.024","volume":"111","author":"PF Abraham","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abraham, P. 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The present study was federally funded by the Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Research Foundation. We have opted to provide full disclosures of all authors\u2019 external commitments for the editor\u2019s review for transparency. The basis of our disclosure was made after review of after review of these activities.The corresponding author, Dr. Pedapati reports no conflicts of interest and is supported by an NIH K23 Clinical Development Award (K23MH112936) and has received past research support from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Research Foundation and textbook royalties from Springer. In the past he has consulted for Eccrine Systems, Forge Therapeutics, P&G, and Autism Speaks. The senior author Dr. Erickson is the principal investigator of the human portion of the NIH FXS Center. He has received compensation from Confluence Pharma, Novartis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Seaside Therapeutics, Riovant Sciences, Inc., Fulcrum Therapeutics, Forge Therapeutics, Neuren Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Alcobra Pharmaceuticals, Neurotrope, Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Ovid Therapeutics Inc. to consult on trial design or development strategies and\/or conduct clinical trials in neurodevelopmental disorders. Dr. Erickson is additionally the inventor or co-inventor on several patents held by Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center and Indiana University School of Medicine describing methods of treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. Dr. Wu receives research support from NIH, Quince Therapeutics, and Emalax Biosciences. Dr. Sweeney consults to VeraSci and has received support from NIH and Sichuan University. Dr. Horn has no conflicts of interest to disclose. Dr. Gilbert has received compensation for expert testimony for the U.S. National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, through the Department of Health and Human Services. He has received payment for medical expert opinions through TeladocHealth International. He has served as a paid consultant for Emalex Biosciences. He has received research support from the United States National Institutes of Health (Tourette Syndrome, ADHD research) and the Department of Defense (Neurofibromatosis research). He has received salary compensation through Cincinnati Children\u2019s for work as a clinical trial site investigator from Emalex (clinical trial, Tourette Syndrome), PTC Therapeutics (registry and clinical trial, Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency). He has received book\/publication royalties from Elsevier and Wolters Kluwer. Dr. Larsh has received research and travel support from the Tourette Association of America (TAA), as well as travel support and honoraria from the Child Neurology Society (CNS). Dr. Elmaghraby, Dr. Liu, and Dr. Smith have no disclosures of funding or external compensation.Finally, we acknowledge that Dr. Craig Erickson serves as an Associate Editor for the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the institutional review board at Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01609374). Recruitment took place between November 2021 and November 2022 through clinician referrals, community flyers, emails, and clinics at a tertiary academic pediatric hospital. All participants provided written informed consent or assent for all study procedures.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent"}}]}}