{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:02:26Z","timestamp":1791316946700,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Batman University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Autism Dev Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Puberty a period of transition from childhood to adulthood, poses problems that are difficult to manage for typically developing adolescents, but even more difficult for adolescents with autism. It is vital that girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), like their typically developing peers, are able to manage these physiological processes in a healthy way and learn self-care and hygiene behaviours without being dependent on others. Given the contribution of mothers to the menstrual hygiene and self-care skills of adolescent girls, this study aims to explore the views of mothers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study is a case study designed in the qualitative research model. The research was carried out with the participation of 10 mothers met the necessary criteria and agreed to take part in the study voluntarily. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and thematic analysis. Codes, sub-themes and main themes were created.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The research identifies the themes of self-care and menstrual hygiene, preparations made during menstruation, behavioral problems in adolescents, the person who carries out hygiene and self-care, and situations that tire\/strain mothers during menstruation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the end of the research, it was concluded that the adolescent girls with ASD are mostly unable to perform their self-care and hygiene adequately, and that the mothers do nothing to prepare their daughters for adolescence. It was also concluded that the most stressful situation for mothers during adolescence is usually the difficulty their daughters have in using sanitary pads, cleaning armpits and genital hair, and bathing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-024-06446-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T03:02:33Z","timestamp":1719889353000},"page":"3530-3538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Investigation of Menstrual Hygiene and Self-Care Skills of Adolescent Girls with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mother Views"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Rukiye","family":"Arslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8004-6786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derya","family":"Yan\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raziye","family":"Pek\u015fen Ak\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"6446_CR1","unstructured":"Anisa, A. T. (2019). Pubertal challenges in female adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: mother\u2019s perspective (Doctoral dissertation, Bangladesh Health Professions Institute, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh)."},{"issue":"9","key":"6446_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.36731\/cg.1100462","volume":"5","author":"R Arslan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arslan, R., & Pek\u015fen Ak\u00e7a, R. (2022). Using activity charts \u0131n the education of children with Aut\u0131sm Spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Child and Development, 5(9), 58\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36731\/cg.1100462.","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Development"},{"issue":"9","key":"6446_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs211592624","volume":"15","author":"R Arslan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arslan, R., & Sa\u011flam, M. (2021). Investigating the effects of sensory development support program prepared for mothers on sensory and social development of children with autism. Pakistan Journal of Medical &Health Sciences, 15(9), 2624\u20132629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53350\/pjmhs211592624.","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical &Health Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"6446_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.31592\/aeusbed.598299","volume":"5","author":"A Baltac\u0131","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baltac\u0131, A. (2019). The qualitative research process: How to Conduct a qualitative research? Journal of Ahi Evran University Institute of Social Sciences, 5(2), 368\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31592\/aeusbed.598299.","journal-title":"Journal of Ahi Evran University Institute of Social Sciences"},{"key":"6446_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-018-9617-x","volume":"30","author":"V Bitsika","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bitsika, V., & Sharpley, C. F. (2018). The effects of Menarche upon the sensory features of girls with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Dev Phys Disabil, 30, 755\u2013769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10882-018-9617-x.","journal-title":"J Dev Phys Disabil"},{"key":"6446_CR6","first-page":"11","volume":"23","author":"LM Burke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burke, L. M., Kalpakijian, C. Z., Smith, Y. R., & Quint, E. H. (2010). Gynecologic issues of adolescent with downsyndrome, autism, and cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Adolsc Jinekol, 23, 11\u201315.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolsc Jinekol"},{"key":"6446_CR7","unstructured":"B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zt\u00fcrk, \u015e., K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7-\u00c7akmak, E., Akg\u00fcn, \u00d6. A., Karadeniz, \u015e., & Demirel, F. (2016). Scientific Research Methods (20st edition), Ankara: Pegem Academy."},{"issue":"12","key":"6446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2406","volume":"13","author":"BA Corbett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Corbett, B. A., Vandekar, S., Muscatello, R. A., & Tanguturi, Y. (2020). Pubertal timing during early adolescence: Advanced Pubertal Onset in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Research, 13(12), 2202\u20132215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2406.","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"6446_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11195-015-9424-6","volume":"34","author":"LL Corona","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corona, L. L., Fox, S. A., Christodulu, K. V., & Worlock, J. A. (2016). Providing Education on Sexuality and relationships to adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their parents. Sexuality and Disability, 34, 199\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11195-015-9424-6.","journal-title":"Sexuality and Disability"},{"issue":"6","key":"6446_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1985-6","volume":"44","author":"EK Cridland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cridland, E. K., Jones, S. C., Caputi, P., & Magee, C. A. (2014). Being a girl in a boys\u2019 world: Investigating the experiences of girls with autism spectrum disorders during adolescence. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(6), 1261\u20131274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-013-1985-6.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"6446_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3782-8","volume":"50","author":"C Cummins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cummins, C., Pellicano, E., & Crane, L. (2020). Supporting minimally verbal autistic girls with intellectual disabilities through puberty: Perspectives of parents and educators. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50, 2439\u20132448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3782-8.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"6446_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12397","volume":"22","author":"J Dewinter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dewinter, J., Vermeiren, R., Vanwesenbeeck, I., & van Nieuwenhuizen, C. (2013). Autism and normative sexual development: A narrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 3467\u20133483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.12397.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"key":"6446_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"53","author":"E Erba\u015f","year":"2022","unstructured":"Erba\u015f, E., & Kurt, O. (2022). A holistic perspective on the sexuality and sexual education of individuals with Autism Spectrum disorders. The Journal of Buca Faculty of Education, 53, 1\u201316.","journal-title":"The Journal of Buca Faculty of Education"},{"key":"6446_CR14","unstructured":"Fazl\u0131o\u011flu, Y., & Yurdakul, M. E. (2007). Autism. Morpa Publishing House."},{"issue":"4","key":"6446_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2021.03.008","volume":"34","author":"YF Fei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fei, Y. F., Ernst, S. D., Dendrinos, M. L., & Quint, E. H. (2021). Preparing for puberty in girls with Special needs: A cohort study of caregiver concerns and patient outcomes. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 34(4), 471\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpag.2021.03.008.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology"},{"key":"6446_CR16","unstructured":"Gabriels, R. L., & Van Bourgondien, M. E. (2007). Sexuality and autism: Individual, family, and community perspectives and interventions. In R. L. Gabriels, & D. E. Hills (Eds.), Growing up with autism: Working with school-age children and adolescents (pp. 58\u201372). Guilford."},{"key":"6446_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5505\/amj.2020.01643","volume":"1","author":"\u0130N G\u00f6nen\u00e7","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00f6nen\u00e7, \u0130. N., \u00c7ak\u0131rer, N. \u00c7., Altundal, S., & Akta\u015f, \u00d6. (2020). Determination of the Efficiency of Menstruation Hygiene Training Given to trainable intellectual disability adolescent girls. Ankara Med J, 1, 57\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/amj.2020.01643.","journal-title":"Ankara Med J"},{"issue":"66","key":"6446_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.26450\/jshsr.2299","volume":"8","author":"D G\u00fcven","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00fcven, D. (2021). Comprehensive Sexuality Education and individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 8(66), 284\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26450\/jshsr.2299.","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"6446_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.01.015","volume":"49","author":"A Hamilton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamilton, A., Marshal, M. P., & Murray, P. J. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders and menstruation. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49(4), 443\u2013445.","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"6446_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11195-009-9145-9","volume":"28","author":"H Hellemans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hellemans, H., Roeyers, H., Leplae, W., Dewaele, T., & Deboutte, D. (2010). Sexual behavior in male adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder and borderline\/mild mental retardation. Sexuality and Disability, 28, 93\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11195-009-9145-9.","journal-title":"Sexuality and Disability"},{"key":"6446_CR21","unstructured":"H\u00e9nault, I. (2006). Asperger\u2019s syndrome and sexuality: From adolescence through adulthood. Jessica Kingsley."},{"key":"6446_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2939-6","volume":"47","author":"TR Jamison","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jamison, T. R., & Schuttler, J. O. (2017). Overview and Preliminary Evidence for a Social Skills and Self-Care Curriculum for adolescent females with autism: The girls Night Out Model. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47, 110\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-016-2939-6.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"6446_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/20473869.2020.1774224","volume":"68","author":"Z\u00d6 K\u0131rba\u015f","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u0131rba\u015f, Z. \u00d6., Kahriman, \u0130., & Ka\u015fko Ar\u0131c\u0131, Y. (2022). Training female adolescent students with intellectual disabilities about genital hygiene skills using peer training. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 68(3), 332\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20473869.2020.1774224.","journal-title":"International Journal of Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"6446_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11195-011-9244-2","volume":"30","author":"LS Klett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klett, L. S., & Turan, Y. (2012). Generalized effects of social stories with task analysis for teaching menstrual care to three young girls with autism. Sexuality and Disability, 30, 319\u2013336.","journal-title":"Sexuality and Disability"},{"key":"6446_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0788-2","volume":"39","author":"LK Koegel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koegel, L. K., & LaZebnik, C. (2009). Growing up on the spectrum: A guide to life, love, and learning for teens and young adults with autism and Asperger\u2019s. Penguin. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-009-0788-2.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"6446_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.03.013","volume":"56","author":"R Loomes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. P. L. (2017). What is the male-to-female ratio in autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.03.013.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"6446_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3341-8","volume":"48","author":"M Mademtzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mademtzi, M., Singh, P., Shic, F., & Koenig, K. (2018). Challenges of females with autism: A parental perspective. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(4), 1301\u20131310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-017-3341-8.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"10","key":"6446_CR28","first-page":"663","volume":"53","author":"A Memarian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Memarian, A., & Mehrpisheh, S. (2015). Therapeutic and ethical dilemma of puberty and menstruation problems in an intellectually disabled (autistic) female: A case report and review of the literature. Acta Medica Irania, 53(10), 663\u2013666.","journal-title":"Acta Medica Irania"},{"issue":"4","key":"6446_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12470","volume":"43","author":"N Navot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Navot, N., Jorgenson, A. G., & Webb, S. J. (2017). Maternal experience raising girls with autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative study. Child: Care Health and Development, 43(4), 536\u2013545.","journal-title":"Child: Care Health and Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"6446_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/15332980902932383","volume":"8","author":"S Nichols","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nichols, S., & Blakeley-Smith, A. (2009). I\u2019m not sure we\u2019re ready for this \u2026 working with families toward facilitating healthy sexuality for individuals with Autism Spectrum disorders. Social Work in Mental Health, 8(1), 72\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332980902932383.","journal-title":"Social Work in Mental Health"},{"key":"6446_CR31","first-page":"394","volume":"15","author":"Y \u00d6zen","year":"2007","unstructured":"\u00d6zen, Y., & ve G\u00fcl, A. (2007). Populat\u0131on-Sampl\u0131ng issue on Soc\u0131al and Educat\u0131onal Research Stud\u0131es. Journal of Atat\u00fcrk University Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Faculty of Education, 15, 394\u2013422.","journal-title":"Journal of Atat\u00fcrk University Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Faculty of Education"},{"key":"6446_CR32","unstructured":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr, \u0130. (2013). Children with disabilities and Education Special Education. Karahan Bookstore."},{"key":"6446_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pope, C., Ziebland, S., & Mays, N. (2006). Analysing qualitative data. Qualitative Research in Health Care, 63\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470750841.ch7.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470750841.ch7"},{"key":"6446_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quint, E. H., O\u2019Brien, R. F., Braverman, P. K., Adelman, W. P., Alderman, E. M., Breuner, C. C., & Marcell, A. V. (2016). Menstrual management for adolescents with disabilities. Pediatrics, 138(1).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0295"},{"key":"6446_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3664-0","volume":"48","author":"R Steward","year":"2018","unstructured":"Steward, R., Crane, L., Mairi Roy, E., Remington, A., & Pellicano, E. (2018). Life is much more difficult to Manage during periods: Autistic experiences of menstruation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48, 4287\u20134292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3664-0.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"6446_CR36","first-page":"419","volume":"21","author":"M Suba\u015f\u0131","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suba\u015f\u0131, M., & Okumu\u015f, K. (2017). Case Study as a Research Method. Journal of Atat\u00fcrk University Social Sciences Institute, 21(2), 419\u2013426.","journal-title":"Journal of Atat\u00fcrk University Social Sciences Institute"},{"key":"6446_CR37","unstructured":"S\u00fcmer, N., Demirutku, K., & \u00d6zkan, T. (2007). Research Techniques (1st Edition), Istanbul: Morpa Publishing House."},{"issue":"6","key":"6446_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item check list for interview sand focus groups. International Journal for Quality in HealthCare, 19(6), 349\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042.","journal-title":"International Journal for Quality in HealthCare"},{"issue":"7","key":"6446_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12709","volume":"58","author":"K Visser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Visser, K., Greaves-Lord, K., Tick, N. T., Verhulst, F. C., Maras, A., & Van der Vegt, E. J. M. (2017). A randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of the tackling teenage psychosexual training program for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(7), 840\u2013850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12709.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06446-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06446-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06446-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:41:00Z","timestamp":1758973260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06446-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06446-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-3257","1573-3432"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-3257","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3432","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The ethics committee approval was obtained from the Batman University Scientific Ethics Committee in order to conduct the study (dated 13.04.2022 and decision number 2022-04-06). The mothers were informed about the objective of the study, and they were notified that the information provided by them would be kept confidential and would not be used elsewhere. Before starting the study, verbal and written consent was obtained from the mothers participating in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicting Interests"}}]}}