{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:38:09Z","timestamp":1786981089861,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Psychiatric Research Fund, Region of Southern Denmark"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"University of Southern Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Autism Dev Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The associations between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and physical diseases (PD) based on ICD-8 and ICD-10 diagnoses were studied, comparing with the risks of the general population. All individuals diagnosed before 30th April 2018 with ASD (n\u2009=\u200912,063) and a 5% random sample of the general population (n\u2009=\u200941,251) were drawn from Danish registers of the birth cohorts 1984\u20131995. For each of the entire spectrum of 13 PD categories, participants were followed from birth to first diagnosis, death, emigration, or 31st December 2017, whichever came first. Time from inclusion at birth to time of first physical diagnosis, accounting for censoring, was studied by use of time-stratified Cox models. When compared to the control sample, the individuals with ASD had a substantial added immediate risk in infancy and in childhood for 12 of the 13 categories. Particularly prominent were estimated associations for nervous system diseases at ages 0\u20139, and diseases of the eye and adnexa at ages 0\u201311. The associations were observed for both sexes, but were stronger among females than males, especially for genitourinary system diseases. On the cumulative scale, individuals with ASD were at pronounced greater risk through follow-up for 8 categories, with the greatest cumulative risk of respiratory system diseases, which at ages 5 and 30 was 24.9% and 41.5% for the ASD cohort while for the control sample it was 16.3% and 34.5% at the same ages. Especially in infancy and childhood, the present study found increased risks for a multitude of physical diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-024-06476-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T09:01:47Z","timestamp":1722070907000},"page":"3851-3859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Complete Spectrum of Physical Comorbidities with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Nationwide Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6400-4436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans-Christoph","family":"Steinhausen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Dalgaard","family":"Villumsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 Klinkby","family":"St\u00f8ving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Bilenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6476_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104662","volume":"137","author":"G Arrondo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arrondo, G., Solmi, M., Dragioti, E., Eudave, L., Ruiz-Goikoetxea, M., Ciaurriz-Larraz, A. M., Magallon, S., Carvalho, A. F., Cipriani, A., Fusar-Poli, P., Larsson, H., Correll, C. U., & Cortese, S. (2022). Associations between mental and physical conditions in children and adolescents: An umbrella review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 137, 104662\u2013104662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104662","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"6476_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai, D., Yip, B. H. K., Windham, G. C., Sourander, A., Francis, R., Yoffe, R., Glasson, E., Mahjani, B., Suominen, A., Leonard, H., Gissler, M., Buxbaum, J. D., Wong, K., Schendel, D., Kodesh, A., Breshnahan, M., Levine, S. Z., Parner, E. T., Hansen, S. N., \u2026 Sandin, S. (2019). Association of genetic and environmental factors with autism in a 5-country cohort. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(10), 1035\u20131043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.1411","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.1411"},{"key":"6476_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, J. L., Leader, G., Sung, C., & Leahy, M. (2015). Trends in employment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A review of the research literature. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2(2), 115\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40489-014-0041-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-014-0041-6"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"6476_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S335","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-4300K","volume":"141","author":"MN Davignon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davignon, M. N., Qian, Y., Massolo, M., & Croen, L. A. (2018). Psychiatric and medical conditions in transition-aged individuals with ASD. Pediatrics (Evanston), 141(Suppl 4), S335\u2013S345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-4300K","journal-title":"Pediatrics (Evanston)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6476_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x","volume":"10","author":"M De Hert","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Hert, M., Correll, C. U., Bobes, J., Cetkovich-Bakmas, M., Cohen, D., Asai, I., Detraux, J., Gautam, S., Moeller, H.-J., Ndetei, D. M., Newcomer, J. W., Uwakwe, R., & Leucht, S. (2011). Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care. World Psychiatry, 10(1), 52\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"6476_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delobel-Ayoub, M., Saemundsen, E., Gissler, M., Ego, A., Moilanen, I., Ebeling, H., Rafnsson, V., Klapouszczak, D., Thorsteinsson, E., Arnaldsd\u00f3ttir, K. M., Roge, B., Arnaud, C., & Schendel, D. (2020). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in 7\u20139-year-old children in Denmark, Finland, France and Iceland: A population-based registries approach within the ASDEU project. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(3), 949\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-04328-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04328-y"},{"key":"6476_CR400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fombonne, E., MacFarlane, H., & Salem, A. C. (2021). Epidemiological surveys of ASD: Advances and remaining challenges. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(12), 4271\u20134290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-021-05005-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05005-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"6476_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.051672","volume":"195","author":"H Gardener","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gardener, H., Spiegelman, D., & Buka, S. L. (2009). Prenatal risk factors for autism: Comprehensive meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(1), 7\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.051672","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6476_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1036","volume":"128","author":"H Gardener","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gardener, H., Spiegelman, D., & Buka, S. L. (2011). Perinatal and neonatal risk factors for autism: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 128(2), 344\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-1036","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"6476_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033224","volume":"7","author":"IS Kohane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kohane, I. S., McMurry, A., Weber, G., MacFadden, D., Rappaport, L., Kunkel, L., Bickel, J., Wattanasin, N., Spence, S., Murphy, S., & Churchill, S. (2012). The co-morbidity burden of children and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e33224\u2013e33224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0033224","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"6476_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/yco.0000000000000575","volume":"33","author":"MC Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai, M. C., & Szatmari, P. (2020). Sex and gender impacts on the behavioural presentation and recognition of autism. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 33(2), 117\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/yco.0000000000000575","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6476_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0818-0","volume":"40","author":"MB Lauritsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lauritsen, M. B., J\u00f8rgensen, M., Madsen, K. M., Lemcke, S., Toft, S., Grove, J., Schendel, D. E., & Thorsen, P. (2010). Validity of childhood autism in the Danish psychiatric central register: Findings from a cohort sample born 1990\u20131999. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2), 139\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-009-0818-0","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"6476_CR500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levy, S. E. P., Mandell, D. S. S., & Schultz, R. T. P. (2009). Autism. Lancet, 374(9701), 1627\u20131638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61376-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61376-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"6476_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7202a1","volume":"72","author":"MJ Maenner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maenner, M. J., Warren, Z., Williams, A. R., Amoakohene, E., Bakian, A. V., Bilder, D. A., Durkin, M. S., Fitzgerald, R. T., Furnier, S. M., Hughes, M. M., Ladd-Acosta, C. M., McArthur, D., Pas, E. T., Salinas, A., Vehorn, A., Williams, S., Esler, A., Grzybowski, A., Hall-Lande, J., \u2026 Shaw, K. A. (2023). Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years\u2014Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2020. MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 72(2), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.ss7202a1","journal-title":"MMWR. Surveillance Summaries"},{"issue":"7","key":"6476_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2960","volume":"16","author":"BA Malow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malow, B. A., Qian, Y., Ames, J. L., Alexeeff, S., & Croen, L. A. (2023). Health conditions in autism: Defining the trajectory from adolescence to early adulthood. Autism Research, 16(7), 1437\u20131449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2960","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"18","key":"6476_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915784","volume":"382","author":"NC Momen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Momen, N. C., Plana-Ripoll, O., Agerbo, E., Benros, M. E., B\u00f8rglum, A. D., Christensen, M. K., Dalsgaard, S., Degenhardt, L., de Jonge, P., Debost, J. C. P. G., Fenger-Gr\u00f8n, M., Gunn, J. M., Iburg, K. M., Kessing, L. V., Kessler, R. C., Laursen, T. M., Lim, C. C. W., Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., \u2026 McGrath, J. J. (2020). Association between mental disorders and subsequent medical conditions. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1721\u20131731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1915784","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"6476_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810395825","volume":"39","author":"O Mors","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mors, O., Perto, G. P., & Mortensen, P. B. (2011). The Danish psychiatric central research register. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39(Suppl 7), 54\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494810395825","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"6476_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1675-9","volume":"43","author":"SE Mouridsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mouridsen, S. E., Rich, B., & Isager, T. (2013). Epilepsy in individuals with a history of asperger\u2019s syndrome: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(6), 1308\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-012-1675-9","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"6476_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-1020-0","volume":"26","author":"JB Muskens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muskens, J. B., Velders, F. P., & Staal, W. G. (2017). Medical comorbidities in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders: A systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(9), 1093\u20131103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-017-1020-0","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"6476_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12559","volume":"133","author":"HC Steinhausen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steinhausen, H. C., Mohr Jensen, C., & Lauritsen, M. B. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term overall outcome of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 133(6), 445\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12559","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"6476_CR16","volume-title":"International classification of diseases","author":"World_Health_Organisation","year":"1965","unstructured":"World_Health_Organisation. (1965). International classification of diseases. World Health Organisation."},{"key":"6476_CR17","volume-title":"The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders","author":"World_Health_Organisation","year":"1992","unstructured":"World_Health_Organisation. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. WHO."}],"container-title":["Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06476-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06476-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06476-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:25:29Z","timestamp":1761823529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06476-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-024-06476-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-3257","1573-3432"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-3257","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3432","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"HCS has received book royalties from Cambridge University Press, Elsevier, Hogrefe, Huber, Klett, and Kohlhammer publishers. All other authors reported no conflict of interests during the conduct of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}