{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T08:38:56Z","timestamp":1792744736059,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Autism Dev Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Low responsiveness to sensory stimuli, particularly stimuli that are social in nature (i.e., social hyporesponsiveness), predicts expressive language in autistic children and in infant siblings of autistic children (Sibs-autism), who are at high likelihood for a future diagnosis of autism and developmental language disorder. However, our understanding of whether social hyporesponsiveness can be addressed via early intervention to improve expressive language outcomes of Sibs-autism is limited. This randomized controlled trial investigated whether Project ImPACT, a caregiver-implemented Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention (NDBI), has an indirect effect on expressive language outcomes by reducing social hyporesponsiveness. \u00a0Sibs-autism were randomized into a Project ImPACT group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200923) for 12\u00a0weeks of intervention, or into a non-Project ImPACT control group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200923). Social hyporesponsiveness was measured immediately following intervention, and expressive language was measured three months after the end of intervention. Project ImPACT indirectly influenced distal expressive language outcomes through social hyporesponsiveness, but only for infants whose caregivers had high levels of education at study entry. Clinical implications of the results are discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-025-06928-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T06:16:25Z","timestamp":1750659385000},"page":"4906-4919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Project ImPACT Reduces Social Hyporesponsiveness and Translates to More Optimal Expressive Language Outcomes in Some Infants at Increased Likelihood of Autism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7995-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Markfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob I.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0821-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine T.","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0337-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J.","family":"Yoder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6513-1181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany G.","family":"Woynaroski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6928_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023080005650","volume":"29","author":"GT Baranek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baranek, G. T. (1999a). Autism during infancy: A retrospective video analysis of sensory-motor and social behaviors at 9\u201312 months of age. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(3), 213\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1023080005650","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"6928_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2007)112[233:HSPIYC]2.0.CO;2","volume":"112","author":"GT Baranek","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baranek, G. T., Boyd, B. A., Poe, M. D., David, F. J., Watson, L. R., & MacLean, W. E. (2007). Hyperresponsive sensory patterns in young children with autism, developmental delay, and typical development. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 112(4), 233\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/0895-8017(2007)112[233:HSPIYC]2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Retardation"},{"issue":"6","key":"6928_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01546.x","volume":"47","author":"GT Baranek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baranek, G. T., David, F. J., Poe, M. D., Stone, W. L., & Watson, L. R. (2006). Sensory experiences questionnaire: Discriminating sensory features in young children with autism, developmental delays, and typical development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 47(6), 591\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01546.x","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"2","key":"6928_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412001071","volume":"25","author":"GT Baranek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baranek, G. T., Watson, L. R., Boyd, B. A., Poe, M. D., David, F. J., & McGuire, L. (2013). Hyporesponsiveness to social and nonsocial sensory stimuli in children with autism, children with developmental delays, and typically developing children. Development and Psychopathology, 25(2), 307\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579412001071","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"6928_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.08.006","volume":"29","author":"GT Baranek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baranek, G. T., Woynaroski, T. G., Nowell, S., Turner-Brown, L., DuBay, M., Crais, E. R., & Watson, L. R. (2018). Cascading effects of attention disengagement and sensory seeking on social symptoms in a community sample of infants at-risk for a future diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 29, 30\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.08.006","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"6928_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_PERSP-20-10005","volume":"5","author":"AB Barber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barber, A. B., Swineford, L., Cook, C., & Belew, A. (2020). Effects of Project ImPACT parent-mediated intervention on the spoken language of young children with autism spectrum disorder. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 5(3), 573\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2020_PERSP-20-10005","journal-title":"Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups"},{"issue":"12","key":"6928_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4974","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803019041800","volume":"49","author":"A Ben-Sasson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ben-Sasson, A., Gal, E., Fluss, R., Katz-Zetler, N., & Cermak, S. A. (2019). Update of a meta-analysis of sensory symptoms in ASD: A new decade of research. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(12), 4974\u20134996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803019041800","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"6928_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-3302-5","volume":"35","author":"E Billstedt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Billstedt, E., Gillberg, C., & Gillberg, C. (2005). Autism after adolescence: Population-based 13- to 22-year follow-up study of 120 individuals with autism diagnosed in childhood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(3), 351\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-005-3302-5","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"6928_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12439","volume":"16","author":"J Bradshaw","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bradshaw, J., Schwichtenberg, A. J., & Iverson, J. M. (2022). Capturing the complexity of autism: Applying a developmental cascades framework. Child Development Perspectives, 16(1), 18\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdep.12439","journal-title":"Child Development Perspectives"},{"issue":"11","key":"6928_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1472-5","volume":"42","author":"ME Brock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brock, M. E., Freuler, A., Baranek, G. T., Watson, L. R., Poe, M. D., & Sabatino, A. (2012). Temperament and sensory features of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(11), 2271\u20132284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-012-1472-5","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"6928_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0328-2","volume":"37","author":"SE Bryson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bryson, S. E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Brian, J., Roberts, W., Szatmari, P., Rombough, V., & McDermott, C. (2007). A prospective case series of high-risk infants who developed autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 12\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-006-0328-2","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"6928_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1612","volume":"9","author":"CJ Cascio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cascio, C. J., Woynaroski, T., Baranek, G. T., & Wallace, M. T. (2016). Toward an interdisciplinary approach to understanding sensory function in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 9(9), 920\u2013925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1612","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"6928_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2270","volume":"13","author":"B Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi, B., Nelson, C. A., Rowe, M. L., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2020). Reciprocal influences between parent input and child language skills in dyads involving high- and low-risk infants for autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 13(7), 1168\u20131183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2270","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"6928_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.2117","volume":"28","author":"AJ Dakopolos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dakopolos, A. J., & Jahromi, L. B. (2019). Differences in sensory responses among children with autism spectrum disorder and typical development: Links to joint attention and social competence. Infant and Child Development, 28(1), Article e2117.","journal-title":"Infant and Child Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"6928_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S01933973(99)000428","volume":"21","author":"G Dawson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dawson, G., Osterling, J., Meltzoff, A. N., & Kuhl, P. (2000). Case study of the development of an infant with autism from birth to two years of age. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21(3), 299\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S01933973(99)000428","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"6928_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.2.271","volume":"40","author":"G Dawson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., Estes, A., & Liaw, J. (2004). Early social attention impairments in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and attention to distress. Developmental Psychology, 40(2), 271\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.40.2.271","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"6928_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/asap.12001","volume":"13","author":"MA Diemer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Diemer, M. A., Mistry, R. S., Wadsworth, M. E., L\u00f3pez, I., & Reimers, F. (2013). Best practices in conceptualizing and measuring social class in psychological research. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13(1), 77\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/asap.12001","journal-title":"Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"6928_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0441-x","volume":"38","author":"LC Eaves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eaves, L. C., & Ho, H. H. (2008). Young adult outcome of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(4), 739\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-007-0441-x","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"6928_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.112.8.607","volume":"112","author":"L Eisenberg","year":"1956","unstructured":"Eisenberg, L. (1956). The autistic child in adolescence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 112(8), 607\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.112.8.607","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"6928_CR20","volume-title":"Applied missing data analysis","author":"CK Enders","year":"2010","unstructured":"Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. Guilford Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"6928_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_JSLHR-20-00196","volume":"64","author":"E Suzman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suzman, E., Augustine, A. E., Garla, V., Muhumuza, A., Cascio, C. J., Williams, K. L., Kirby, A. V., Ke\u00e7eli-Kays\u0131l\u0131, B., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2021). Sensory responsiveness is linked with communication in infant siblings of children with and without autism. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 64(6), 1964\u20131976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2021_JSLHR-20-00196","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"6928_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2012.004465","volume":"66","author":"A Freuler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freuler, A., Baranek, G. T., Watson, L. R., Boyd, B. A., & Bulluck, J. C. (2012). Precursors and trajectories of sensory features: Qualitative analysis of infant home videos. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(5), e81\u2013e84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2012.004465","journal-title":"The American Journal of Occupational Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"6928_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01495061","volume":"17","author":"C Gillberg","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gillberg, C., & Steffenburg, S. (1987). Outcome and prognostic factors in infantile autism and similar conditions: A population-based study of 46 cases followed through puberty. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17(2), 273\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01495061","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"6928_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2782-9","volume":"46","author":"R Grzadzinski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grzadzinski, R., Carr, T., Colombi, C., McGuire, K., Dufek, S., Pickles, A., & Lord, C. (2016). Measuring changes in social communication behaviors: Preliminary development of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(7), 2464\u20132479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-016-2782-9","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"10","key":"6928_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2556","volume":"14","author":"J Gunderson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gunderson, J., Worthley, E., Grzadzinski, R., Burrows, C., Estes, A., Zwaigenbaum, L., Botteron, K., Dager, S., Hazlett, H., Schultz, R., Piven, J., Wolff, J., & Network, I. B. I. S. (2021). Social and non-social sensory responsivity in toddlers at high-risk for autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research: Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 14(10), 2143\u20132155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2556","journal-title":"Autism Research: Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"6928_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211050433","volume":"26","author":"LH Hampton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hampton, L. H., & Rodriguez, E. M. (2022). Preemptive interventions for infants and toddlers with a high likelihood for autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism, 26(6), 1364\u20131378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613211050433","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"4","key":"6928_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360","volume":"76","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03637750903310360","journal-title":"Communication Monographs"},{"issue":"1","key":"6928_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/1098300709334797","volume":"12","author":"BR Ingersoll","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ingersoll, B. R. (2010). Teaching social communication: A comparison of naturalistic behavioral and development, social pragmatic approaches for children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 12(1), 33\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1098300709334797","journal-title":"Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions"},{"issue":"12","key":"6928_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1840-9","volume":"43","author":"B Ingersoll","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ingersoll, B., & Wainer, A. (2013). Initial efficacy of Project ImPACT: A parent-mediated social communication intervention for young children with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(12), 2943\u20132952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-013-1840-9","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"6928_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1080\/17518423.2016.1278054","volume":"20","author":"BR Ingersoll","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ingersoll, B. R., Wainer, A. L., Berger, N. I., & Walton, K. M. (2017). Efficacy of low intensity, therapist-implemented Project ImPACT for increasing social communication skills in young children with ASD. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 20(8), 502\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17518423.2016.1278054","journal-title":"Developmental Neurorehabilitation"},{"key":"6928_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2396941517699214","volume":"2","author":"S Killmeyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Killmeyer, S., & Kaczmarek, L. (2017). Parent training and joint engagement in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 2, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2396941517699214","journal-title":"Autism & Developmental Language Impairments"},{"issue":"4","key":"6928_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2670","volume":"15","author":"AV Kirby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kirby, A. V., Bilder, D. A., Wiggins, L. D., Hughes, M. M., Davis, J., Hall-Lande, J. A., Lee, L.-C., McMahon, W. M., & Bakian, A. V. (2022). Sensory features in autism: Findings from a large population-based surveillance system. Autism Research, 15(4), 751\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2670","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"6928_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01048242","volume":"22","author":"R Kobayashi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kobayashi, R., Murata, T., & Yoshinaga, K. (1992). A follow-up study of 201 children with autism in Kyushu and Yamaguchi areas, Japan. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22, 395\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01048242","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"6928_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02558.x","volume":"53","author":"RJ Landa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Landa, R. J., Gross, A. L., Stuart, E. A., & Bauman, M. (2012). Latent class analysis of early developmental trajectory in baby siblings of children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 53(9), 986\u2013996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02558.x","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"2","key":"6928_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361306062021","volume":"10","author":"M Liss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liss, M., Saulnier, C., Fein, D., & Kinsbourne, M. (2006). Sensory and attention abnormalities in autistic spectrum disorders. Autism, 10(2), 155\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361306062021","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"3","key":"6928_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.12.011","volume":"52","author":"D Messinger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Messinger, D., Young, G. S., Ozonoff, S., Dobkins, K., Carter, A., Zwaigenbaum, L., Landa, R. J., Charman, T., Stone, W. L., Constantino, J. N., Hutman, T., Carver, L. J., Bryson, S., Iverson, J. M., Strauss, M. S., Rogers, S. J., & Sigman, M. (2013). Beyond autism: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium study of high-risk children at three years of age. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(3), 300-308.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.12.011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"6928_CR37","volume-title":"Mullen scales of early learning","author":"EM Mullen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mullen, E. M. (1995). Mullen scales of early learning. American Guidance Service."},{"issue":"9","key":"6928_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00036","volume":"63","author":"SW Nowell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nowell, S. W., Watson, L. R., Crais, E. R., Baranek, G. T., Faldowski, R. A., & Turner-Brown, L. (2020). Joint attention and sensory-regulatory features at 13 and 22 months as predictors of preschool language and social-communication outcomes. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63(9), 3100\u20133116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00036","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"6928_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1943","volume":"11","author":"S Ozonoff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ozonoff, S., Gangi, D., Hanzel, E. P., Hill, A., Hill, M. M., Miller, M., Schwichtenberg, A. J., Steinfeld, M. B., Parikh, C., & Iosif, A.-M. (2018). Onset patterns in autism: Variation across informants, methods, and timing. Autism Research, 11(5), 788\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1943","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"6928_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e488","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2825","volume":"128","author":"S Ozonoff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ozonoff, S., Young, G. S., Carter, A., Messinger, D., Yirmiya, N., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Carver, L. J., Constantino, J. N., Dobkins, K., Hutman, T., Iverson, J. M., Landa, R., Rogers, S. J., Sigman, M., & Stone, W. L. (2011). Recurrence risk for autism spectrum disorders: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium study. Pediatrics, 128(3), e488\u2013e495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-2825","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"6928_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12421","volume":"56","author":"S Ozonoff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ozonoff, S., Young, G. S., Landa, R. J., Brian, J., Bryson, S., Charman, T., Chawarska, K., Macari, S. L., Messinger, D., Stone, W. L., Zwaigenbaum, L., & Iosif, A.-M. (2015). Diagnostic stability in young children at risk for autism spectrum disorder: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 56(9), 988\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12421","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"1","key":"6928_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000907008343","volume":"35","author":"ML Rowe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rowe, M. L. (2008). Child-directed speech: Relation to socioeconomic status, knowledge of child development and child vocabulary skill. Journal of Child Language, 35(1), 185\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0305000907008343","journal-title":"Journal of Child Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"6928_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327922par0503_3","volume":"5","author":"ML Rowe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rowe, M. L., Pan, B. A., & Ayoub, C. (2005). Predictors of variation in maternal talk to children: A longitudinal study of low-income families. Parenting, 5(3), 259\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327922par0503_3","journal-title":"Parenting"},{"key":"6928_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.94.1.18","volume":"94","author":"JP Rushton","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rushton, J. P., Brainerd, C. J., & Pressley, M. (1983). Behavioral development and construct validity: The principle of aggregation. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 18\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.94.1.18","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"6928_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2681-5","volume":"46","author":"M Sabatos-DeVito","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sabatos-DeVito, M., Schipul, S. E., Bulluck, J. C., Belger, A., & Baranek, G. T. (2016). Eye tracking reveals impaired attentional disengagement associated with sensory response patterns in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1319\u20131333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2681-5","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"6928_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/10-0029)","volume":"54","author":"LR Watson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Watson, L. R., Patten, E., Baranek, G. T., Poe, M., Boyd, B. A., Freuler, A., & Lorenzi, J. (2011). Differential associations between sensory response patterns and language, social, and communication measures in children with autism or other developmental disabilities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 54(6), 1562\u20131576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/10-0029)","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"6928_CR47","volume-title":"Communication and symbolic behavior scales: Developmental profile","author":"AM Wetherby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wetherby, A. M., & Prizant, B. M. (2002). Communication and symbolic behavior scales: Developmental profile. Brookes Publishing Co."},{"issue":"1","key":"6928_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.06.008","volume":"6","author":"S Woolfenden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Woolfenden, S., Sarkozy, V., Ridley, G., & Williams, K. (2012). A systematic review of the diagnostic stability of autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 345\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.06.008","journal-title":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"6928_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320943373","volume":"25","author":"PJ Yoder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoder, P. J., Stone, W. L., & Edmunds, S. R. (2021a). For which younger siblings of children with ASD does parent-mediated intervention work? Autism, 25(1), 58\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361320943373","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"6928_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320946883","volume":"25","author":"PJ Yoder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoder, P. J., Stone, W. L., & Edmunds, S. R. (2021b). Parent utilization of ImPACT intervention strategies is a mediator of proximal then distal social communication outcomes in younger siblings of children with ASD. Autism, 25(1), 44\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361320946883","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"6928_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"6928_CR52","unstructured":"Baranek, G. T. (1999b).&nbsp;Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ)&nbsp;(Version 2.1) [Unpublished manuscript]. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."},{"key":"6928_CR53","unstructured":"Baranek, G. T. (1999c). Sensory processing assessment for young children (SPA) [Unpublished manuscript]. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."},{"key":"6928_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baranek, G. T., Watson, L. R., Turner-Brown, L., Field, S. H., Crais, E. R., Wakeford, L., Little, L. M., & Reznick, J. S. (2015). Preliminary efficacy of adapted responsive teaching for infants at risk of autism spectrum disorder in a community sample. Autism Research and Treatment, 2015, Article 386951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/386951","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/386951"},{"key":"6928_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bradshaw, J., Steiner, A. M., Gengoux, G., & Koegel, L. K. (2014). Feasibility and effectiveness of very early intervention for infants at-risk for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 778\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2235-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2235-2"},{"key":"6928_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charman, T., Loth, E., Tillmann, J., Crawley, D., Wooldridge, C., Goyard, D., Ahmad, J., Auyeung, B., Ambrosino, S., Banaschewski, T., Baron-Cohen, S., Baumeister, S., Beckmann, C., B\u00f6lte, S., Bourgeron, T., Bours, C., Brammer, M., Brandeis, D., Brogna, C., \u2026 Buitelaar, J. K. (2017). The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): Clinical characterisation. Molecular Autism, 8(1), Article 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-017-0145-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-017-0145-9"},{"key":"6928_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Votruba-Drzal, E. (2017). Moving beyond correlations in assessing the consequences of poverty. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 413\u2013434.&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-010416-044224","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010416-044224"},{"key":"6928_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feldman, J. I., Cassidy, M., Liu, Y., Kirby, A. V., Wallace, M. T., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2020). Relations between sensory responsiveness and features of autism in children. Brain Sciences, 10(11), Article 775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci10110775","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10110775"},{"key":"6928_CR59","unstructured":"Feldman, J. I., Raj, S., Bowman, S. M., Santapuram, P., Golden, A. J., Daly, C., Dunham, K.,"},{"key":"6928_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenson, L., Marchman, V. A., Thal, D. J., Dale, P. S., & Reznick, J. S. (2007). MacArthur-Bates communicative development inventories: User\u2019s guide and technical manual. Brookes Publishing.","DOI":"10.1037\/t11538-000"},{"key":"6928_CR61","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (3rd ed.). Guilford Press."},{"key":"6928_CR62","unstructured":"Ingersoll, B., & Dvortcsak, A. (2010). Teaching social communication to children with autism: A practitioner\u2019s guide to parent training and a manual for parents. Guilford Press."},{"key":"6928_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klinger, L. G., Cook, M. L., & Dudley, K. M. (2021). Predictors and moderators of treatment efficacy in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.&nbsp;Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology,&nbsp;50(4), 517\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2020.1833735","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2020.1833735"},{"key":"6928_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leung, C. Y. Y., Hernandez, M. W., & Suskind, D. L. (2020). Enriching home language environment among families from low-SES backgrounds: A randomized controlled trial of a home visiting curriculum. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 50, 24\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecresq.2018.12.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2018.12.005"},{"key":"6928_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mailick, M., Bennett, T., DaWalt, L. S., Durkin, M. S., Forbes, G., Howlin, P., Lord, C., Zaidman-Zait, A., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bal, V., Bishop, S., Chiang, C., DiMartino, A., Freitag, C. M., Georgiades, S., Hollocks, M., Lai, M., Maenner, M. J., Powell, P. S., Lounds Taylor, J., & Halladay, A. (2025). Expanding research on contextual factors in autism research: What took us so long?.&nbsp;Autism Research. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.3312","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3312"},{"key":"6928_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marrus, N., Hall, L. P., Paterson, S. J., Elison, J. T., Wolff, J. J., Swanson, M. R., Parish-Morris, J., Eggebrecht, A. T., Pruett, J. R., Hazlett, H. C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Dager, S., Estes, A. M., Schultz, R. T., Botteron, K. N., Piven, J., Constantino, J. N., & IBIS Network. (2018). Language delay aggregates in toddler siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10(1), Article 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11689-018-9247-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-018-9247-8"},{"key":"6928_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Messinger, D. S., Young, G. S., Webb, S. J., Ozonoff, S., Bryson, S. E., Carter, A., Carver, L., Charman, T., Chawarska, K., Curtin, S., Dobkins, K., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hutman, T., Iverson, J. M., Landa, R., Nelson, C. A., Stone, W. L., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2015). Early sex differences are not autism-specific: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC) study. Molecular Autism, 6(1), Article 32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-015-0027-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-015-0027-y"},{"key":"6928_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pecukonis, M., Young, G. S., Brian, J., Charman, T., Chawarska, K., Elsabbagh, M., & Tager\u2010 Flusberg, H. (2022). Early predictors of language skills at 3 years of age vary based on diagnostic outcome: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium study. Autism Research, 15(7), 1324\u20131335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2760","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2760"},{"key":"6928_CR69","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 4.2.2). R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"6928_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roberts, M. Y., Curtis, P. R., Sone, B. J., & Hampton, L. H. (2019). Association of parent training with child language development: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(7), 671\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1197","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1197"},{"key":"6928_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreibman, L., Dufek, S., spsampsps Cunningham, A. B. (2011). Identifying moderators of treatment outcome for children with autism. Inspsampspsnbsp;International handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disordersspsampspsnbsp;(pp. 295\u2013305). Springer New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8065-6_18"},{"key":"6928_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Selya, A. S., Rose, J. S., Dierker, L. C., Hedeker, D., & Mermelstein, R. J. (2012). A practical guide to calculating Cohen\u2019s f2, a measure of local effect size, from PROC MIXED. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, Article 111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00111","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00111"},{"key":"6928_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Short, K., Eadie, P., & Kemp, L. (2019). Paths to language development in at risk children: A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). BMC Pediatrics, 19(1), Article 94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-019-1449-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1449-z"},{"key":"6928_CR74","unstructured":"Steinbrenner, J. R., Hume, K., Odom, S. L., Morin, K. L., Nowell, S. W., Tomaszewski, B., Szendrey, S., McIntyre, N. S., Y\u00fccesoy-\u00d6zkan, S., & Savage, M. N. (2020). Evidence-based practices for children, youth, and young adults with autism. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, National Clearinghouse on Autism Evidence and Practice Review Team. https:\/\/ncaep.fpg.unc.edu\/sites\/ncaep.fpg.unc.edu\/files\/imce\/documents\/EBP%20Report%202020.pdf"},{"key":"6928_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yoder, P., Watson, L. R., & Lambert, W. (2015). Value-added predictors of expressive and receptive language growth in initially nonverbal preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders.&nbsp;Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,&nbsp;45(5), 1254\u20131270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2286-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2286-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06928-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06928-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06928-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:57:27Z","timestamp":1792742247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06928-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06928-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-3257","1573-3432"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-3257","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3432","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Jacob I. Feldman has been paid to provide adaptive horseback riding lessons and has received grant funding from the National Institutes of Health to study the efficacy of interventions geared toward infant siblings of autistic children. Tiffany Woynaroski has previously been paid to provide traditional behavioral, naturalistic developmental behavioral, and developmental interventions to young children on the autism spectrum and has received grant funding from internal and external agencies, including the National Institutes of Health and the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, to study the efficacy of various interventions geared toward young children with autism. Tiffany Woynaroski, Jacob I. Feldman, and Catherine T. Bush are employed by the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, which offers intervention services for autistic children via their outpatient clinics and trains clinical students in the provision of treatments delivered over the course of early childhood. The other authors have declared that no other competing financial or nonfinancial interests existed at the time of publication.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}