{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:52:04Z","timestamp":1781617924428,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004206","name":"The University of Osaka","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Autism Dev Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Research is lacking on whether the coexistence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk for Internet addiction (IA) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined the impact of ADHD coexistence on IA symptoms in children with ASD, controlling the influence of family- and school-related factors. We also analyzed male and female participants separately to examine sex differences. IA symptoms were assessed using the Internet Addiction Test in children with ASD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200971) and ASD\u2009+\u2009ADHD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200993) admitted to a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital. Multiple regression analysis was performed with IA symptoms as the outcome variable and family- and school-related factors as the potential confounders. Similarly, a subgroup analysis was conducted for each sex of the participants. Results showed no differences in self-reported IA symptoms between the ASD and ASD\u2009+\u2009ADHD groups, but females in the ASD group had higher IA symptoms than the ASD\u2009+\u2009ADHD group. Low school attendance was significantly associated with higher IA symptoms for the entire target population and for males. In addition, for females, medication and bullying victimization were associated with lower and higher IA symptoms, respectively. In males, socio-economic status (SES) was associated with higher IA symptoms. ASD\u2009+\u2009ADHD coexistence does not necessarily increase the severity of IA symptoms and may not be a combination of different neurodevelopmental disorders, ASD and ADHD. Further research should examine the impact of ASD\u2009+\u2009ADHD coexistence on IA symptoms, considering sex differences and family- and school-related factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-025-06937-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:31:28Z","timestamp":1751934688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of ADHD Coexistence on Internet Addiction Symptoms in Children with ASD: Effects of Family- and School-Related Factors and Sex Differences"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kawabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azusa","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Senju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji J.","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4776-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoko","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6937_CR1","first-page":"793","volume":"16","author":"SS Alavi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alavi, S. S., Maracy, M. R., Jannatifard, F., & Eslami, M. (2011). The effect of psychiatric symptoms on the internet addiction disorder in isfahan\u2019s university students. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 16(6), 793\u2013800.","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"},{"key":"6937_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.03.005","volume":"67","author":"M \u00c1lvarez","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez, M., Torres, A., Rodr\u00edguez, E., Padilla, S., & Rodrigo, M. J. (2013). Attitudes and parenting dimensions in parents\u2019 regulation of internet use by primary and secondary school children. Computers and Education, 67, 69\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.03.005","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"6937_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5-TR). American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1020-5","volume":"21","author":"KM Antshel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Antshel, K. M., & Russo, N. (2019). Autism spectrum disorders and ADHD: Overlapping phenomenology, diagnostic issues, and treatment considerations. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(5), 34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-019-1020-5","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"6937_CR5","unstructured":"Benford, P. (2008). The use of Internet-based communication by people with autism [Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham]. Nottingham eprints. http:\/\/eprints.nottingham.ac.uk\/10661\/1\/thesis_post_viva_version_2.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"6937_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1108\/17549450200900015","volume":"3","author":"P Benford","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benford, P., & Standen, P. (2009). The internet: A comfortable communication medium for people with asperger syndrome (AS) and high functioning autism (HFA)? Journal of Assistive Technologies, 3(2), 44\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17549450200900015","journal-title":"Journal of Assistive Technologies"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2009.03.001","volume":"25","author":"M Beranuy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beranuy, M., Oberst, U., Carbonell, X., & Chamarro, A. (2009). Problematic internet and mobile phone use and clinical symptoms in college students: The role of emotional intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(5), 1182\u20131187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2009.03.001","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"6937_CR8","unstructured":"Black, L. I., & Zablotsky, B. (2018). Chronic school absenteeism among children with selected developmental disabilities: National health interview survey, 2014\u20132016. National Health Statistics Reports, (118), 1\u20137."},{"key":"6937_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.05.041","volume":"88","author":"M Boniel-Nissim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boniel-Nissim, M., & Sasson, H. (2018). Bullying victimization and poor relationships with parents as risk factors of problematic internet use in adolescence. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 176\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2018.05.041","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"6937_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00074","volume":"10","author":"C Cabelguen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cabelguen, C., Rocher, B., Leboucher, J., Schreck, B., Challet-Bouju, G., Hardouin, J. B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2021). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and gaming disorder: Frequency and associated factors in a clinical sample of patients with gaming disorder. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10(4), 1061\u20131067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2021.00074","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"6178","key":"6937_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1248429","volume":"343","author":"F Campbell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Campbell, F., Conti, G., Heckman, J. J., Moon, S. H., Pinto, R., Pungello, E., & Pan, Y. (2014). Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health. Science, 343(6178), 1478\u20131485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1248429","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"6937_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2894","volume":"16","author":"M Casseus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Casseus, M., Kim, W. J., & Horton, D. B. (2023). Prevalence and treatment of mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders in children with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A population\u2010based study. Autism Research, 16(4), 855\u2013867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2894","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"6937_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn896","volume":"3","author":"FX Castellanos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Castellanos, F. X., & Tannock, R. (2002). Neuroscience of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: The search for endophenotypes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(8), 617\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn896","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"A","key":"6937_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.12.024","volume":"76","author":"L Cerniglia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cerniglia, L., Zoratto, F., Cimino, S., Laviola, G., Ammaniti, M., & Adriani, W. (2017). Internet addiction in adolescence: Neurobiological, psychosocial and clinical issues. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 76(A), 174\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.12.024","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"6937_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2010.00883.x","volume":"20","author":"LM Cheung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheung, L. M., & Wong, W. S. (2011). The effects of insomnia and internet addiction on depression in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents: An exploratory cross-sectional analysis: Internet addiction, insomnia and depression. Journal of Sleep Research, 20(2), 311\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2010.00883.x","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"issue":"596","key":"6937_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F28","DOI":"10.1111\/ecoj.12420","volume":"126","author":"G Conti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conti, G., Heckman, J. J., & Pinto, R. (2016). The effects of two influential early childhood interventions on health and healthy behaviour. The Economic Journal, 126(596), F28\u2013F65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecoj.12420","journal-title":"The Economic Journal"},{"issue":"19","key":"6937_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10377","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910377","volume":"18","author":"S Doi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doi, S., Isumi, A., & Fujiwara, T. (2021). Association between adverse childhood experiences and time spent playing video games in adolescents: Results from A-CHILD study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph181910377","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"6937_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00751","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00751","volume":"11","author":"H Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong, H., Yang, F., Lu, X., & Hao, W. (2020). Internet addiction and related psychological factors among children and adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 00751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00751","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"6937_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716640755","volume":"61","author":"M Dufour","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dufour, M., Brunelle, N., Tremblay, J., Leclerc, D., Cousineau, M. M., Khazaal, Y., L\u00e9gar\u00e9, A. A., Rousseau, M., & Berbiche, D. (2016). Gender difference in Nternet use and internet problems among Quebec high school students. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(10), 663\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0706743716640755","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"6937_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03946.x","volume":"107","author":"T Durkee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Durkee, T., Kaess, M., Carli, V., Parzer, P., Wasserman, C., Floderus, B., Apter, A., Balazs, J., Barzilay, S., Bobes, J., Brunner, R., Corcoran, P., Cosman, D., Cotter, P., Despalins, R., Graber, N., Guillemin, F., Haring, C., Kahn, J. P., & Wasserman, D. (2012). Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in E urope: Demographic and social factors. Addiction, 107(12), 2210\u20132222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03946.x","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12459","volume":"59","author":"JY Fam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fam, J. Y. (2018). Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in adolescents: A meta-analysis across three decades. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 59(5), 524\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sjop.12459","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.420","volume":"167","author":"D Finkelhor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, H., & Hamby, S. (2013). Improving the adverse childhood experiences study scale. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(1), 70\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.420","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"6937_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28916","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028916","volume":"101","author":"J Fujita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fujita, J., Aoyama, K., Saigusa, Y., Miyazaki, H., Aoki, Y., Asanuma, K., Takahashi, Y., & Hishimoto, A. (2022). Problematic internet use and daily difficulties among adolescents with school refusal behaviors: An observational cross-sectional analytical study. Medicine, 101(7), e28916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000028916","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"6937_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.03.030","volume":"53","author":"M G\u00e1mez-Guadix","year":"2013","unstructured":"G\u00e1mez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., Smith, P. K., & Calvete, E. (2013). Longitudinal and reciprocal relations of cyberbullying with depression, substance use, and problematic internet use among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(4), 446\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.03.030","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"6937_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.06.049","volume":"154","author":"YX Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao, Y. X., Wang, J. Y., & Dong, G. H. (2022). The prevalence and possible risk factors of internet gaming disorder among adolescents and young adults: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 154, 35\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.06.049","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"6937_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04620-2","volume":"51","author":"T Hirota","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hirota, T., Takahashi, M., Adachi, M., Sakamoto, Y., & Nakamura, K. (2021). Neurodevelopmental traits and longitudinal transition patterns in internet addiction: A 2-year prospective study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(4), 1365\u20131374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04620-2","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-183","volume":"14","author":"RC Ho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ho, R. C., Zhang, M. W. B., Tsang, T. Y., Toh, A. H., Pan, F., Lu, Y., Cheng, C., Yip, P. S., Lam, L. T., Lai, C. M., Watanabe, H., & Mak, K. K. (2014). The association between internet addiction and psychiatric co-morbidity: A meta-analysis. Bmc Psychiatry, 14(1), 183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-244X-14-183","journal-title":"Bmc Psychiatry"},{"key":"6937_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837424","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.837424","volume":"13","author":"C Hours","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hours, C., Recasens, C., & Baleyte, J. M. (2022). ASD and ADHD comorbidity: What are we talking about? Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 837424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.837424","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2244","volume":"21","author":"V Huke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huke, V., Turk, J., Saeidi, S., Kent, A., & Morgan, J. F. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders in eating disorder populations: A systematic review. European Eating Disorders Review, 21(5), 345\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2244","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"6937_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckx198","volume":"28","author":"D Husarova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Husarova, D., Blinka, L., Madarasova Geckova, A., Sirucek, J., Van Dijk, J. P., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2018). Do sleeping habits mediate the association between time spent on digital devices and school problems in adolescence? European Journal of Public Health, 28(3), 463\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckx198","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"6937_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2004.00398.x","volume":"45","author":"A Johansson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johansson, A., & G\u00f6testam, K. G. (2004). Internet addiction: Characteristics of a questionnaire and prevalence in Norwegian youth (12\u201318 years). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 45(3), 223\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2004.00398.x","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"6937_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059","volume":"31","author":"D Kardefelt-Winther","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"6937_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12402","volume":"70","author":"K Kawabe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kawabe, K., Horiuchi, F., Ochi, M., Oka, Y., & Ueno, S. I. (2016). Internet addiction: Prevalence and relation with mental States in adolescents. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 70(9), 405\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12402","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"6937_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2019.03.002","volume":"89","author":"K Kawabe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kawabe, K., Horiuchi, F., Miyama, T., Jogamoto, T., Aibara, K., Ishii, E., & Ueno, S. I. (2019). Internet addiction and attention-deficit \/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 89, 22\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2019.03.002","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2022.2091939","volume":"27","author":"K Kawabe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kawabe, K., Horiuchi, F., Hosokawa, R., Nakachi, K., Soga, J., & Ueno, S. I. (2022). Comorbid symptoms of internet addiction among adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder: A comparative study. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 27(1), 315\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02673843.2022.2091939","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescence and Youth"},{"key":"6937_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.104033","volume":"117","author":"R Kervin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kervin, R., Berger, C., Moon, S. J., Hill, H., Park, D., & Kim, J. W. (2021). Behavioral addiction and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 117, 104033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.104033","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"2","key":"6937_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.005","volume":"43","author":"K Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim, K., Ryu, E., Chon, M. Y., Yeun, E. J., Choi, S. Y., Seo, J. S., & Nam, B. W. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(2), 185\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.005","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"6937_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-017-0813-1","volume":"19","author":"DL King","year":"2018","unstructured":"King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Doh, Y. Y., Wu, A. M. S., Kuss, D. J., Pallesen, S., Mentzoni, R., Carragher, N., & Sakuma, H. (2018). Policy and prevention approaches for disordered and hazardous gaming and internet use: An international perspective. Prevention Science, 19(2), 233\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-017-0813-1","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"6937_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12204","volume":"69","author":"CH Ko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ko, C. H., Wang, P. W., Liu, T. L., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., & Yen, J. Y. (2015). Bidirectional associations between family factors and I Nternet addiction among adolescents in a prospective investigation. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 69(4), 192\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12204","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"6937_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.04.213","volume":"15","author":"M Koc","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koc, M., & Tamer, S. L. (2011). The investigation of Turkish high school students\u2019 internet use profiles across their demographics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2912\u20132916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.04.213","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"6937_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.05.017","volume":"32","author":"S Kopp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kopp, S., & Gillberg, C. (2011). The autism spectrum screening questionnaire (ASSQ)-Revised extended version (ASSQ-REV): An instrument for better capturing the autism phenotype in girls? A preliminary study involving 191 clinical cases and community controls. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 2875\u20132888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.05.017","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.1.2012.1.1","volume":"1","author":"DJ Kuss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Online gaming addiction in children and adolescents: A review of empirical research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 1(1), 3\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/JBA.1.2012.1.1","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i1.143","volume":"6","author":"DJ Kuss","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuss, D. J., & Lopez-Fernandez, O. (2016). Internet addiction and problematic internet use: A systematic review of clinical research. World Journal of Psychiatry, 6(1), 143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v6.i1.143","journal-title":"World Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"23","key":"6937_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8933","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238933","volume":"17","author":"X Lan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lan, X., & Wang, W. (2020). Parental attachment and problematic internet use among Chinese adolescents: The moderating role of gender and grit. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17238933","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000664","volume":"40","author":"R Lane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lane, R., & Radesky, J. (2019). Digital media and autism spectrum disorders: Review of evidence, theoretical concerns, and opportunities for intervention. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 40(5), 364\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000664","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"6937_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06057","volume":"72","author":"TC Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu, T. C., Desai, R. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Cavallo, D. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2011). Problematic internet use and health in adolescents: Data from a high school survey in Connecticut. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(6), 836\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.10m06057","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"6937_CR48","unstructured":"Long, J. S., & Freese, J. (2014). Regression models for categorical dependent variables using Stata (3rd ed). Stata Press. https:\/\/www.stata.com\/bookstore\/regression-models-categorical-dependent-variables\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"6937_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1356-0","volume":"42","author":"W Mandy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mandy, W., Chilvers, R., Chowdhury, U., Salter, G., Seigal, A., & Skuse, D. (2012). Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from a large sample of children and adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(7), 1304\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-011-1356-0","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"6937_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2022.100247","volume":"9","author":"E Mari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mari, E., Biondi, S., Varchetta, M., Cricenti, C., Fraschetti, A., Pizzo, A., Barchielli, B., Roma, P., Vilar, M. M., Sala, F. G., Giannini, A. M., & Quaglieri, A. (2023). Gender differences in internet addiction: A study on variables related to its possible development. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 9, 100247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2022.100247","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1472269","volume":"45","author":"CL Mathews","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mathews, C. L., Morrell, H. E. R., & Molle, J. E. (2019). Video game addiction, ADHD symptomatology, and video game reinforcement. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 45(1), 67\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00952990.2018.1472269","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"6937_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1659-9","volume":"43","author":"MO Mazurek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mazurek, M. O., & Wenstrup, C. (2013). Television, video game and social media use among children with ASD and typically developing siblings. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(6), 1258\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-012-1659-9","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"6937_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1413-8","volume":"42","author":"MO Mazurek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mazurek, M. O., Shattuck, P. T., Wagner, M., & Cooper, B. P. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of screen-based media use among youths with Atism sectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(8), 1757\u20131767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-011-1413-8","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04640-y","volume":"51","author":"AJ McClemont","year":"2021","unstructured":"McClemont, A. J., Morton, H. E., Gillis, J. M., & Romanczyk, R. G. (2021). Brief report: Predictors of school refusal due to bullying in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(5), 1781\u20131788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04640-y","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"6937_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.05.009","volume":"61","author":"S Mei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mei, S., Yau, Y. H. C., Chai, J., Guo, J., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Problematic internet use, well-being, self-esteem and self-control: Data from a high-school survey in China. Addictive Behaviors, 61, 74\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.05.009","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"7","key":"6937_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12532","volume":"71","author":"S Mihara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mihara, S., & Higuchi, S. (2017). Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 71(7), 425\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12532","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"6937_CR57","unstructured":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (2024, October 31). Results on National survey on problematic behavior and absenteeism.https:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/content\/20241031-mxt_jidou02-100002753_1_2.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-021-00243-0","volume":"9","author":"A Murray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murray, A., Koronczai, B., Kir\u00e1ly, O., Griffiths, M. D., Mannion, A., Leader, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2022). Autism, problematic internet use and gaming disorder: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9(1), 120\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40489-021-00243-0","journal-title":"Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"6937_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01303","volume":"11","author":"G Navarro-Carrillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Navarro-Carrillo, G., Alonso-Ferres, M., Moya, M., & Valor-Segura, I. (2020). Socioeconomic status and psychological well-being: Revisiting the role of subjective socioeconomic status. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01303","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR60","first-page":"71","volume":"3","author":"H Osada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Osada, H. (2013). Internet addiction in Japanese college students: Is Japanese version of internet addiction test (JIAT) useful as a screening tool? Bulletin of Senshu University School of Human Sciences: Psychology, 3(1), 71\u201380.","journal-title":"Bulletin of Senshu University School of Human Sciences: Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6937_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.07.910","volume":"58","author":"C Ottosen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ottosen, C., Larsen, J. T., Faraone, S. V., Chen, Q., Hartman, C., Larsson, H., Petersen, L., & Dalsgaard, S. (2019). Sex differences in comorbidity patterns of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(4), 412\u2013422e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.07.910","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"172","key":"6937_CR62","first-page":"895","volume":"43","author":"SK Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park, S. K., Kim, J. Y., & Cho, C. B. (2008). Prevalence of internet addiction and correlations with family factors among South Korean adolescents. Adolescence, 43(172), 895\u2013909.","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2011.605169","volume":"66","author":"R Poli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poli, R., & Agrimi, E. (2012). Internet addiction disorder: Prevalence in an Italian student population. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 66(1), 55\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08039488.2011.605169","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-024-00568-w","volume":"11","author":"S Schlossarek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schlossarek, S., Hohls, L., Schmidt, H., Bischof, A., Bischof, G., Brandt, D., Borgwardt, S., Browne, D. T., Christakis, D., Pietra, P. H. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Rumpf, H. J. (2024). Which are the optimal screening tools for internet use disorder in children and adolescents? A systematic review of psychometric evidence. Current Addiction Reports, 11(5), 753\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-024-00568-w","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"8","key":"6937_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000703","volume":"40","author":"M Schneider","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schneider, M., VanOrmer, J., & Zlomke, K. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences and family resilience among children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 40(8), 573\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000703","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"key":"6937_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2015.12.005","volume":"23","author":"C Shane-Simpson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shane-Simpson, C., Brooks, P. J., Obeid, R., Denton, E., & Gillespie-Lynch, K. (2016). Associations between compulsive internet use and the autism spectrum. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 23, 152\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2015.12.005","journal-title":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"6937_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3148-7","volume":"47","author":"R So","year":"2017","unstructured":"So, R., Makino, K., Fujiwara, M., Hirota, T., Ohcho, K., Ikeda, S., Tsubouchi, S., & Inagaki, M. (2017). The prevalence of internet addiction among a Japanese adolescent psychiatric clinic sample with autism spectrum disorder and\/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(7), 2217\u20132224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-017-3148-7","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"6937_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361313505719","volume":"18","author":"ME Stacy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stacy, M. E., Zablotsky, B., Yarger, H. A., Zimmerman, A., Makia, B., & Lee, L. C. (2014). Sex differences in co-occurring conditions of children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 18(8), 965\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361313505719","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13030-019-0144-5","volume":"13","author":"N Sugaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sugaya, N., Shirasaka, T., Takahashi, K., & Kanda, H. (2019). Bio-psychosocial factors of children and adolescents with internet gaming disorder: A systematic review. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 13(1), 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13030-019-0144-5","journal-title":"BioPsychoSocial Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4862-3","volume":"13","author":"P Taechoyotin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taechoyotin, P., Tongrod, P., Thaweerungruangkul, T., Towattananon, N., Teekapakvisit, P., Aksornpusitpong, C., Sathapornpunya, W., Hempatawee, N., Rangsin, R., Mungthin, M., & Piyaraj, P. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of internet gaming disorder among secondary school students in rural community, thailand: A cross-sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 13(1), 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-019-4862-3","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"issue":"12","key":"6937_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1605-z","volume":"53","author":"M Takahashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi, M., Adachi, M., Nishimura, T., Hirota, T., Yasuda, S., Kuribayashi, M., & Nakamura, K. (2018). Prevalence of pathological and maladaptive internet use and the association with depression and health-related quality of life in Japanese elementary and junior high school-aged children. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(12), 1349\u20131359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-018-1605-z","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"6937_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539517739558","volume":"29","author":"CSK Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang, C. S. K., Koh, Y. W., & Gan, Y. (2017). Addiction to internet use, online gaming, and online social networking among young adults in china, singapore, and the united States. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 29(8), 673\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1010539517739558","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"6937_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.13189\/ujer.2017.051221","volume":"5","author":"\u0130 Ta\u015f","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ta\u015f, \u0130. (2017). Relationship between internet addiction, gaming addiction and school engagement among adolescents. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(12), 2304\u20132311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13189\/ujer.2017.051221","journal-title":"Universal Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"6937_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5765\/jkacap.180011","volume":"29","author":"M Tateno","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tateno, M., Tateno, Y., Kamikobe, C., Monden, R., Sakaoka, O., Kanazawa, J., Kato, T. A., & Saito, T. (2018). Internet addiction and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder traits among female college students in Japan. Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(3), 144\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5765\/jkacap.180011","journal-title":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"6937_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO0146","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0146-23.2023","volume":"10","author":"D Watanabe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Watanabe, D., & Watanabe, T. (2023). Distinct frontoparietal brain dynamics underlying the co-occurrence of autism and ADHD. eNeuro, 10(7), ENEURO0146\u2013232023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0146-23.2023","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.491880","volume":"36","author":"A Weinstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weinstein, A., & Lejoyeux, M. (2010). Internet addiction or excessive internet use. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 277\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00952990.2010.491880","journal-title":"The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0422-x","volume":"47","author":"L Wichstr\u00f8m","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wichstr\u00f8m, L., Stenseng, F., Belsky, J., Von Soest, T., & Hygen, B. W. (2019). Symptoms of internet gaming disorder in youth: Predictors and comorbidity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(1), 71\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-018-0422-x","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2021.1942554","volume":"36","author":"EL Wodka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wodka, E. L., Parish-Morris, J., Annett, R. D., Carpenter, L., Dillon, E., Michaelson, J., Kim, S. H., Landa, R., Consortium, S. P. A. R. K., & Kanne, S. (2022). Co-occurring attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders differentially affect males and females with autism. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 36(5), 1069\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2021.1942554","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"6937_CR77","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, October 22). Addictive behaviours: Gaming disorderhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/addictive-behaviours-gaming-disorder"},{"issue":"2","key":"6937_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020579","volume":"17","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, X., Jiang, X., Mo, P. K. H., Cai, Y., Ma, L., & Lau, J. T. F. (2020). Prevalence and interpersonal correlates of internet gaming disorders among Chinese adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17020579","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"6937_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0113","volume":"12","author":"JY Yen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., Tang, T. C., & Ko, C. H. (2009). The association between adult ADHD symptoms and internet addiction among college students: The gender difference. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 12(2), 187\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cpb.2008.0113","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology and Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"6937_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2004.01290.x","volume":"58","author":"HJ Yoo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoo, H. J., Cho, S. C., Ha, J., Yune, S. K., Kim, S. J., Hwang, J., Chung, A., Sung, Y. H., & Lyoo, I. K. (2004). Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58(5), 487\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2004.01290.x","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1671824","volume":"20","author":"K Zajac","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zajac, K., Ginley, M. K., & Chang, R. (2020). Treatments of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the evidence. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 20(1), 85\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737175.2020.1671824","journal-title":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"6937_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-021-00635-0","volume":"32","author":"L Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, L. (2023). Social media addiction and its impact on college students\u2019 academic performance: The mediating role of stress. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 32(1), 81\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40299-021-00635-0","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Education Researcher"}],"container-title":["Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06937-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06937-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06937-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:54:30Z","timestamp":1781614470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06937-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["6937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-025-06937-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-3257","1573-3432"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-3257","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3432","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"This work was supported by a JSPS KAKENHI Grant (24K05786) to T.M., and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED, Japan) (23gn0110071h0001) to T. M.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Tenryu Hospital (reference No:2023-19) and Hamamatsu University School of Medicine (reference No:23\u2013231).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The participants were not required to obtain written or verbal consent, since this study utilized existing medical record information, and no new materials or information were acquired. Instead, information regarding the study was posted, and participants could refuse to be part of the research.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent To Participate"}}]}}