{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:50:30Z","timestamp":1791827430849,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54HD083211\/P50HD103537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HD083211\/P50HD103537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31DC020129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31DC020129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21DC016144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21DC016144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC020186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC020186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99DC021501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99DC021501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR000446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR000446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1TR002244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR002244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE 19-22657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE 19-22657"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["169206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["169206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Autism Dev Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our prior work, conventional event-related potential (ERP) responses to audiovisual versus auditory-only speech were found to explain variance in language abilities in autistic and non-autistic children but failed to differentiate autistic children from non-autistic children. This study extends previous ERP analyses of responses to audiovisual versus auditory-only speech in autistic and non-autistic school-aged children to investigate group and condition differences in the strength and topography of the ERP based on data-driven, reference-independent metrics that overcome limitations of conventional ERP analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extant ERP data from 50 5-12-year-old children (25 per group, matched at the group level on age and sex assigned at birth) recorded during a passive task of listening and watching videos of auditory-only and audiovisual speech syllables were analyzed for differences in ERP strength and topography, quantified via global field power (GFP) and global map dissimilarity (GMD), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GFP was significantly reduced for audiovisual compared to auditory-only speech at 245\u2013275 ms post-stimulus. Groups differed in GMD of the ERPs reflecting the difference in response to audiovisual versus auditory-only speech at 139\u2013170 ms post-stimulus, wherein microstates suggested predominantly differential occipital electrode responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The benefits of audiovisual integration manifest as a facilitation effect (reduced signal strength of the ERP response to audiovisual versus auditory-only speech) across autistic and non-autistic children. Autistic children also display different patterns of activation underlying ERPs in response to audiovisual versus auditory-only speech relative to non-autistic children. Topographic ERP analyses show promise for advancing our understanding of audiovisual speech processing in autism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-026-07552-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:24:59Z","timestamp":1791825899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scalp Topography of Event-Related Potentials Reveals Differences in Audiovisual Speech Processing in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4434-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacie","family":"Dunham-Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob I.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0166-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark T.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7821-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micah M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6513-1181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany G.","family":"Woynaroski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"7552_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed).). American Psychiatric Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"7552_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.011","volume":"53","author":"M Baart","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baart, M., Stekelenburg, J. J., & Vroomen, J. (2014). Electrophysiological evidence for speech-specific audiovisual integration. Neuropsychologia, 53, 115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"7552_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.007","volume":"134","author":"SH Baum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baum, S. H., Stevenson, R. A., & Wallace, M. T. (2015). Behavioral, perceptual, and neural alterations in sensory and multisensory function in autism spectrum disorder. Progress in Neurobiology, 134, 140\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.007","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7552_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2020.0014","volume":"3","author":"K Bottema-Beutel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bottema-Beutel, K., Kapp, S. K., Lester, J. N., Sasson, N. J., & Hand, B. N. (2021). Avoiding ableist language: Suggestions for autism researchers. Autism in Adulthood, 3(1), 18\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aut.2020.0014","journal-title":"Autism in Adulthood"},{"issue":"1","key":"7552_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813870","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/813870","volume":"2011","author":"D Brunet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brunet, D., Murray, M. M., & Michel, C. M. (2011). Spatiotemporal analysis of multichannel EEG: CARTOOL. Computational intelligence and neuroscience, 2011(1), 813870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/813870","journal-title":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"7552_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04425-3","volume":"53","author":"SM Bury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bury, S. M., Jellett, R., Spoor, J. R., & Hedley, D. (2023). It defines who I am or It\u2019s something I have: What langauge do [autistic] Australian adults [on the autism spectrum] prefer? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(2), 677\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04425-3","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"7552_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275463302614300","DOI":"10.1177\/27546330261430009","volume":"4","author":"SM Bury","year":"2026","unstructured":"Bury, S. M., Dwyer, P., Flower, R. L., Richardson, E. K., & Spoor, J. R. (2026). Divergent, minority, or spicy? Neurodiversity language preference for autistic, ADHD, dyslexic, and autistic+ADHD people. Neurodiversity, 4:27546330261430009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/27546330261430009","journal-title":"Neurodiversity"},{"issue":"2","key":"7552_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0812","volume":"14","author":"GA Calvert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Calvert, G. A., Hansen, P. C., Iversen, S. D., & Brammer, M. J. (2001). Detection of audio-visual integration sites in humans by application of electrophysiological criteria to the BOLD effect. Neuroimage, 14(2), 427\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/nimg.2001.0812","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"7552_CR9","unstructured":"R Core Team (2024). R: A langauge and environment for statistical computing In (Version 4.0.9) https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"7552_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.09.051","volume":"21","author":"P de Menendez","year":"2004","unstructured":"de Menendez, P., Murray, R. G., Michel, M. M., Martuzzi, C. M., R., & Andino, S. L. G. (2004). Electrical neuroimaging based on biophysical constraints. Neuroimage, 21(2), 527\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.09.051","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"7552_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","volume":"134","author":"A Delorme","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004). EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 134(1), 9\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"7552_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-125.4.287","volume":"125","author":"K Dunham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dunham, K., Feldman, J. I., Liu, Y., Cassidy, M., Conrad, J. G., Santapuram, P., Suzman, E., Tu, A., Butera, I., Simon, D. M., Broderick, N., Wallace, M. T., Lewkowicz, D., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2020). Stability of variables derived from measures of multisensory function in children with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 125(4), 287\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1944-7558-125.4.287","journal-title":"American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"3","key":"7552_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-bja10093","volume":"36","author":"K Dunham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dunham, K., Zoltowski, A., Feldman, J. I., Davis, S., Rogers, B., Failla, M. D., Wallace, M. T., Cascio, C. J., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2023). Neural correlates of audiovisual speech processing in autistic and non-autistic youth. Multisensory Research, 36(3), 263\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/22134808-bja10093","journal-title":"Multisensory Research"},{"key":"7552_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dunham-Carr, K., Feldman, J. I., Simon, D. M., Edmunds, S. R., Tu, A., Kuang, W., Conrad, J. G., Santapuram, P., Wallace, M. T., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2023). The processing of audiovisual speech is linked with vocabulary in autistic and nonautistic children: An ERP study. Brain Sciences, 13(7), Article 1043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci13071043","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13071043"},{"key":"7552_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.09.020","volume":"95","author":"JI Feldman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feldman, J. I., Dunham, K., Cassidy, M., Wallace, M. T., Samuel, A. G., Liu, Y., & Woynaroski, T. (2018). Audiovisual multisensory integration in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 95, 220\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.09.020","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"7552_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feldman, J. I., Cassidy, M., Liu, Y., Kirby, A. V., Wallace, M. T., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2020). Relations between sensory responsiveness and features of autism in children. Brain Sciences, 10(11), Article 775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci10110775","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10110775"},{"key":"7552_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2020.101555","volume":"74","author":"JI Feldman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feldman, J. I., Dunham, K., Conrad, J. G., Simon, D. M., Cassidy, M., Liu, Y., Tu, A., Broderick, N., Wallace, M. T., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2020). Plasticity of temporal binding in children with autism spectrum disorder: A single case experimental design perceptual training study. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 74,\u00a0Article 101555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2020.101555","journal-title":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"7552_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05074-w","volume":"52","author":"JI Feldman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feldman, J. I., Conrad, J. G., Kuang, W., Tu, A., Liu, Y., Simon, D. M., Wallace, M. T., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2022). Relations between the McGurk effect, social and communication skill, and autistic features in children with and without autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(5), 1920\u20131928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-021-05074-w","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"7552_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht213","volume":"25","author":"JJ Foxe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Foxe, J. J., Molholm, S., Bene, D., Frey, V. A., Russo, H. P., Blanco, N. N., Saint-Amour, D., D., & Ross, L. A. (2015). Severe multisensory speech integration deficits in high-functioning school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their resolution during early adolescence. Cerebral Cortex, 25(2), 298\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bht213","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"7552_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giard, M. H., & Besle, J. (2010). Methodological considerations: electrophysiology of multisensory interactions in humans. Multisensory object perception in the primate brain (pp. 55\u201370). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5615-6_4"},{"key":"7552_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-015-0047-8","volume":"2","author":"M Glod","year":"2015","unstructured":"Glod, M., Riby, D. M., Honey, E., & Rodgers, J. (2015). Psychological correlates of sensory processing patterns in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2, 199\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40489-015-0047-8","journal-title":"Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"7552_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02595-9","volume":"130","author":"AM Goncalves","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goncalves, A. M., & Monteiro, P. (2023). Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: A systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing. Journal of Neural Transmission, 130(3), 325\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-023-02595-9","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"7552_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1361-3","volume":"42","author":"SA Green","year":"2012","unstructured":"Green, S. A., Ben-Sasson, A., Soto, T. W., & Carter, A. S. (2012). Anxiety and sensory over-responsivity in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Bidirectional effects across time. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 1112\u20131119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-011-1361-3","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"7552_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1991.tb00417.x","volume":"28","author":"D Guthrie","year":"1991","unstructured":"Guthrie, D., & Buchwald, J. S. (1991). Significance testing of difference potentials. Psychophysiology, 28(2), 240\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1991.tb00417.x","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"7552_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3389\/finins.2018.00355","volume":"12","author":"M Habermann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Habermann, M., Weusmann, D., Stein, M., & Koenig, T. (2018). A student\u2019s guide to randomization statistics for multichannel event-related potentials using Ragu. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/finins.2018.00355","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"7552_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01619.x","volume":"82","author":"JR Irwin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Irwin, J. R., Tornatore, L. A., Brancazio, L., & Whalen, D. H. (2011). Can children with autism spectrum disorders hear a speaking face? Child Development, 82(5), 1397\u20131403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01619.x","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"7552_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2014.09.011","volume":"139","author":"N Kaganovich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaganovich, N., & Schumaker, J. (2014). Audiovisual integration for speech during mid-childhood: Electrophysiological evidence. Brain and Language, 139, 36\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandl.2014.09.011","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"7552_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kang, S. S., Lano, T. J., & Sponheim, S. R. (2015). Distortions in EEG interregional phase synchrony by spherical spline interpolation: Causes and remedies. Neuropsychiatric Electrophysiology, 1(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40810-015-0009-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40810-015-0009-5"},{"key":"7552_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.1164151","author":"JF Knebel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knebel, J. F., & Notter, M. P. (2018). STEN 2.0: Statistical Toolbox for Electrical Neuroimaging. Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1164151","journal-title":"Zenodo"},{"issue":"1","key":"7552_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12098","volume":"17","author":"VC Knowland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knowland, V. C., Mercure, E., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Dick, F., & Thomas, M. S. (2014). Audio\u2010visual speech perception: A developmental ERP investigation. Developmental Science, 17(1), 110\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.12098","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"7552_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90419-8","volume":"48","author":"D Lehmann","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lehmann, D., & Skrandies, W. (1980). Reference-free identification of components of checkerboard-evoked multichannel potential fields. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 48(6), 609\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90419-8","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"7552_CR32","unstructured":"Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P., Risi, S., Gotham, K., & Bishop, S. (2012). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule\u20132nd edition (ADOS-2). Western Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"7552_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2024.102026","volume":"78","author":"I Lozano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lozano, I., Campos, R., & Belinch\u00f3n, M. (2025). Sensitivity to temporal synchrony in audiovisual speech and language development in infants with an elevated likelihood of autism: A developmental review. Infant Behavior and Development, 78, 102026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infbeh.2024.102026","journal-title":"Infant Behavior and Development"},{"key":"7552_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.06.013","volume":"116","author":"A Meilleur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meilleur, A., Foster, N. E., Coll, S. M., Brambati, S. M., & Hyde, K. L. (2020). Unisensory and multisensory temporal processing in autism and dyslexia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 116, 44\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.06.013","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"7552_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00325","volume":"10","author":"CM Michel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Michel, C. M., & Brunet, D. (2019). EEG source imaging: a practical review of the analysis steps. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00325","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7552_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.039","volume":"61","author":"CM Michel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michel, C. M., & Murray, M. M. (2012). Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool. Neuroimage, 61(2), 371\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.039","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"7552_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-024-01037-3","volume":"37","author":"CM Michel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michel, C. M., Brechet, L., Schiller, B., & Koenig, T. (2024). Current state of EEG\/ERP microstate research. Brain Topography, 37(2), 169\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-024-01037-3","journal-title":"Brain Topography"},{"issue":"4","key":"7552_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-008-0054-5","volume":"20","author":"MM Murray","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murray, M. M., Brunet, D., & Michel, C. M. (2008). Topographic ERP analyses: a step-by-step tutorial review. Brain Topography, 20(4), 249\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-008-0054-5","journal-title":"Brain Topography"},{"issue":"1","key":"7552_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.024","volume":"59","author":"AR Nath","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nath, A. R., & Beauchamp, M. S. (2012). A neural basis for interindividual differences in the McGurk effect, a multisensory speech illusion. Neuroimage, 59(1), 781\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.024","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"42","key":"7552_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11431","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2252-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"T Noesselt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Noesselt, T., Rieger, J. W., Schoenfeld, M. A., Kanowski, M., Hinrichs, H., Heinze, H. J., & Driver, J. (2007). Audiovisual temporal correspondence modulates human multisensory superior temporal sulcus plus primary sensory cortices. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(42), 11431\u201311441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2252-07.2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"7552_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(97)00066-7","volume":"103","author":"PL Nunez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nunez, P. L., Srinivasan, R., Westdorp, A. F., Wijesinghe, R. S., Tucker, D. M., Silberstein, R. B., & Cadusch, P. J. (1997). EEG coherency: I: statistics, reference electrode, volume conduction, Laplacians, cortical imaging, and interpretation at multiple scales. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 103(5), 499\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0013-4694(97)00066-7","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"7552_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00141","volume":"12","author":"M Ozker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ozker, M., Yoshor, D., & Beauchamp, M. S. (2018). Converging evidence from electrocorticography and BOLD fMRI for a sharp functional boundary in superior temporal gyrus related to multisensory speech processing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00141","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"7552_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90180-6","volume":"72","author":"F Perrin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Perrin, F., Pernier, J., Bertrand, O., & Echallier, J. F. (1989). Spherical splines for scalp potential and current density mapping. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 72(2), 184\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90180-6","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"18","key":"7552_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6263","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6138-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"AR Powers 3rd","year":"2012","unstructured":"Powers, A. R. 3rd, Hevey, M. A., & Wallace, M. T. (2012). Neural correlates of multisensory perceptual learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(18), 6263\u20136274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6138-11.2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"7552_CR45","unstructured":"Roid, G. H., Miller, L. J., Pomplun, M., & Koch, C. (2013). Leiter International Performance Scale (Leiter-3). Western Psychological Services."},{"issue":"2","key":"7552_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3104","volume":"17","author":"LA Ross","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ross, L. A., Molholm, S., Butler, J. S., Bene, D., Brima, V. A., T., & Foxe, J. J. (2024). Neural correlates of audiovisual narrative speech perception in children and adults on the autism spectrum: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Autism Research, 17(2), 280\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.3104","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"7552_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2525","volume":"14","author":"T Rossow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rossow, T., MacLennan, K., & Tavassoli, T. (2021). The relationship between sensory reactivity differences and mental health symptoms in preschool-age autistic children. Autism Research, 14(8), 1645\u20131657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2525","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"7552_CR48","unstructured":"Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Social Communication Questionnaire. Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"7552_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2017.04.001","volume":"39","author":"E Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith, E., Zhang, S., & Bennetto, L. (2017). Temporal synchrony and audiovisual integration of speech and object stimuli in autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 39, 11\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2017.04.001","journal-title":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"7552_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3615-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"R Stevenson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stevenson, R., Siemann, J. K., Schneider, B. C., Eberly, H. E., Woynaroski, T. G., Camarata, S. M., & Wallace, M. T. (2014). Multisensory temporal integration in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(3), 691\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3615-13.2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"7552_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04871-y","volume":"182","author":"KN Suri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suri, K. N., Whedon, M., & Lewis, M. (2023). Perception of audio-visual synchrony in infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder. European Journal of Pediatrics, 182(5), 2105\u20132117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04871-y","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"7552_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tivadar, R. I., & Murray, M. M. (2019). A primer on electroencephalography and event-related potentials for organizational neuroscience. Organizational Research Methods, 22(1), 69\u201394.","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428118804657"},{"issue":"4","key":"7552_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408949102","volume":"102","author":"V van Wassenhove","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Wassenhove, V., Grant, K. W., & Poeppel, D. (2005). Visual speech speeds up the neural processing of auditory speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(4), 1181\u20131186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0408949102","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"7552_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010419-051112","volume":"71","author":"MT Wallace","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallace, M. T., Woynaroski, T. G., & Stevenson, R. A. (2020). Multisensory integration as a window into orderly and disrupted cognition and communication. Annual Review of Psychology, 71, 193\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-010419-051112","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"7552_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2248-x","volume":"45","author":"S Wigham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wigham, S., Rodgers, J., South, M., McConachie, H., & Freeston, M. (2015). The interplay between sensory processing abnormalities, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and restricted and repetitive behaviours in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 943\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2248-x","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"7552_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1836-5","volume":"43","author":"T Woynaroski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woynaroski, T., Kwakye, L. D., Foss-Feig, J. H., Stevenson, R. A., Stone, W. L., & Wallace, M. T. (2013). Multisensory speech perception in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(12), 2891\u20132902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-013-1836-5","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"}],"container-title":["Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-026-07552-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10803-026-07552-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10803-026-07552-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:25:02Z","timestamp":1791825902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10803-026-07552-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["7552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-026-07552-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-3257","1573-3432"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-3257","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3432","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"At the time of the study, JIF and TGW were employed by the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, which offers communication assessments and interventions for autistic children through their outpatient clinics and trains clinical students in the provision of assessments and treatments delivered over the course of childhood. JIF is currently employed by the Center for Childhood Deafness, Language and Learning at Boys Town National Research Hospital, which offers communication assessments and interventions for autistic children through their outpatient clinics. KDC is employed by the Department of Neurology at Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, which offers diagnostic evaluations and treatments for autistic children. JIF and TGW are parents of autistic children. JIF and TGW have received internal and external funding to support research focused on children with or at high likelihood for a diagnosis of autism. TGW has received speaker fees to summarize the findings from her research. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}