{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:11:47Z","timestamp":1783012307709,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]],"date-time":"2020-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]],"date-time":"2020-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pernambuco Science and Technology Foundation - FACEPE","award":["APQ-0765-1.06\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-0765-1.06\/14"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Developmen","award":["306616\/2013-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306616\/2013-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Assist Reprod Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01896-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]],"date-time":"2020-07-26T21:02:39Z","timestamp":1595797359000},"page":"2233-2247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["1H NMR-based metabonomics for infertility diagnosis in men with varicocele"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6783-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Tenorio Lira","family":"Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronmilson Alves","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"de Freitas Cavalcanti Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie Clifford Noronha","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador Vilar Correia","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licarion","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Oliveira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55809-9","volume":"59","author":"JI Gorelick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gorelick JI, Goldstein M. Loss of fertility in men with varicocele. Fertil Steril. 1993;59(3):613\u20136.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55089-4","volume":"57","author":"WHO","year":"1992","unstructured":"WHO. The influence of varicocele on parameters of fertility in a large group of men presenting to infertility clinics. World Health Organization. Fertil Steril. 1992;57(6):1289\u201393.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.06.047","volume":"83","author":"FF Pasqualotto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pasqualotto FF, Lucon AM, de Goes PM, Sobreiro BP, Hallak J, Pasqualotto EB, et al. Semen profile, testicular volume, and hormonal levels in infertile patients with varicoceles compared with fertile men with and without varicoceles. Fertil Steril. 2005;83(1):74\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.06.047.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.01.016","volume":"88","author":"J Zargooshi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zargooshi J. Sperm count and sperm motility in incidental high-grade varicocele. Fertil Steril. 2007;88(5):1470\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.01.016.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.10.026","volume":"96","author":"M Sigman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sigman M. There is more than meets the eye with varicoceles: current and emerging concepts in pathophysiology, management, and study design. Fertil Steril. 2011;96(6):1281\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.10.026.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37035-0","volume":"148","author":"M Goldstein","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goldstein M, Gilbert BR, Dicker AP, Dwosh J, Gnecco C. Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of the testis: an artery and lymphatic sparing technique. J Urol. 1992;148(6):1808\u201311.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.12.008","volume":"88","author":"JL Marmar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marmar JL, Agarwal A, Prabakaran S, Agarwal R, Short RA, Benoff S, et al. Reassessing the value of varicocelectomy as a treatment for male subfertility with a new meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2007;88(3):639\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.12.008.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2011.02890.x","volume":"19","author":"F Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li F, Yue H, Yamaguchi K, Okada K, Matsushita K, Ando M, et al. Effect of surgical repair on testosterone production in infertile men with varicocele: a meta-analysis. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association. 2012;19(2):149\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2011.02890.x.","journal-title":"International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.103","volume":"103","author":"ASRM","year":"2015","unstructured":"ASRM. Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile male: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2015;103(3):e18\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.103.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.02.024","volume":"95","author":"JW van der Steeg","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Steeg JW, Steures P, Eijkemans MJ, Habbema JDF, Hompes PG, Kremer JA, et al. Role of semen analysis in subfertile couples. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(3):1013\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.02.024.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2018.4","volume":"19","author":"KJ Karczewski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karczewski KJ, Snyder MP. Integrative omics for health and disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2018;19(5):299\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg.2018.4.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.01.111","volume":"99","author":"JR Kovac","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kovac JR, Pastuszak AW, Lamb DJ. The use of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in identifying biomarkers of male infertility. Fertil Steril. 2013;99(4):998\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.01.111.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.108.808329","volume":"1","author":"M Mayr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mayr M. Metabolomics: ready for the prime time? Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2008;1(1):58\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.108.808329.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1080\/004982599238047","volume":"29","author":"JK Nicholson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nicholson JK, Lindon JC, Holmes E. 'Metabonomics': understanding the metabolic responses of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli via multivariate statistical analysis of biological NMR spectroscopic data. Xenobiotica. 1999;29(11):1181\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/004982599238047.","journal-title":"Xenobiotica."},{"issue":"12","key":"1896_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01252.x","volume":"17","author":"MM Godoy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Godoy MM, Lopes EP, Silva RO, Hallwass F, Koury LC, Moura IM, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection diagnosis using metabonomics. J Viral Hepat. 2010;17(12):854\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01252.x.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2004.11.021","volume":"24","author":"WB Dunn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dunn WB, Ellis DI. Metabolomics: current analytical platforms and methodologies. TrAC Trends Anal Chem. 2005;24(4):285\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trac.2004.11.021.","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2005.10.002","volume":"13","author":"WM de Azevedo","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Azevedo WM, de Oliveira Luna AJ, Silva EF, Silva RO. The effect of ultrasonic waves in conducting polymer solution. Ultrason Sonochem. 2006;13(5):433\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2005.10.002.","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11224-009-9576-z","volume":"21","author":"RO Silva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silva RO, Neves Filho RAW, Azevedo R, Srivastava RM, Gallardo H. Complete 1H and 13C NMR signal assignments and chemical shift calculations of four 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based light-emitting liquid crystals. Struct Chem. 2010;21(3):485\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11224-009-9576-z.","journal-title":"Struct Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217348","volume":"14","author":"TA Pontes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pontes TA, Barbosa AD, Silva RD, Melo-Junior MR, Silva RO. Osteopenia-osteoporosis discrimination in postmenopausal women by 1H NMR-based metabonomics. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):e0217348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0217348.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi102","volume":"85","author":"DG Robertson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Robertson DG. Metabonomics in toxicology: a review. J Toxicol Sci. 2005;85(2):809\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi102.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2174\/2213235x11301010092","volume":"1","author":"B Worley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Worley B, Powers R. Multivariate analysis in metabolomics. Curr Metab. 2013;1(1):92\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/2213235x11301010092.","journal-title":"Curr Metab"},{"key":"1896_CR22","volume-title":"The Handbook of metabonomics and metabolomics","author":"J Trygg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trygg J, Lundstedt T. Chemometrics Techniques for Metabonomics. In: Lindon JC, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, editors. The Handbook of metabonomics and metabolomics. Amsterdam: Elservier BV; 2007."},{"key":"1896_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.02.012","volume":"879","author":"PS Gromski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gromski PS, Muhamadali H, Ellis DI, Xu Y, Correa E, Turner ML, et al. A tutorial review: metabolomics and partial least squares-discriminant analysis--a marriage of convenience or a shotgun wedding. Anal Chim Acta. 2015;879:10\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2015.02.012.","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1896_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-011-0330-3","volume":"8","author":"E Szyma\u0144ska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Szyma\u0144ska E, Saccenti E, Smilde AK, Westerhuis JA. Double-check: validation of diagnostic statistics for PLS-DA models in metabolomics studies. Metabolomics. 2012;8(Suppl 1):3\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11306-011-0330-3.","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"8\u201310","key":"1896_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/cem.1006","volume":"20","author":"M Bylesj\u00f6","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bylesj\u00f6 M, Rantalainen M, Cloarec O, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Trygg J. OPLS discriminant analysis: combining the strengths of PLS-DA and SIMCA classification. J Chemom. 2006;20(8\u201310):341\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cem.1006.","journal-title":"J Chemom"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/cem.2609","volume":"28","author":"RG Brereton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brereton RG, Lloyd GR. Partial least squares discriminant analysis: taking the magic away. J Chemom. 2014;28(4):213\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cem.2609.","journal-title":"J Chemom"},{"issue":"7","key":"1896_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti102","volume":"21","author":"RM Jarvis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jarvis RM, Goodacre R. Genetic algorithm optimization for pre-processing and variable selection of spectroscopic data. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England). 2005;21(7):860\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti102.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"12","key":"1896_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.197","volume":"9","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Hamada A, Esteves SC. Insight into oxidative stress in varicocele-associated male infertility: part 1. Nat Revi Urol. 2012;9(12):678\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2012.197.","journal-title":"Nat Revi Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61190-X","volume":"12","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Prabakaran S, Allamaneni SS. Relationship between oxidative stress, varicocele and infertility: a meta-analysis. Reprod BioMed Online. 2006;12(5):630\u20133.","journal-title":"Reprod BioMed Online"},{"key":"1896_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0007-2","volume":"13","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Sharma R, Durairajanayagam D, Ayaz A, Cui Z, Willard B, et al. Major protein alterations in spermatozoa from infertile men with unilateral varicocele. Reprod Biol Endocrinol : RB&E. 2015;13:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-015-0007-2.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol : RB&E"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.168788","volume":"18","author":"M Camargo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Camargo M, Intasqui P, Bertolla RP. Proteomic profile of seminal plasma in adolescents and adults with treated and untreated varicocele. Asian J Androl. 2016;18(2):194\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1008-682X.168788.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.04.036","volume":"100","author":"PT Del Giudice","year":"2013","unstructured":"Del Giudice PT, da Silva BF, Lo Turco EG, Fraietta R, Spaine DM, Santos LF, et al. Changes in the seminal plasma proteome of adolescents before and after varicocelectomy. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(3):667\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.04.036.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.08.048","volume":"99","author":"DS Zylbersztejn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zylbersztejn DS, Andreoni C, Del Giudice PT, Spaine DM, Borsari L, Souza GH, et al. Proteomic analysis of seminal plasma in adolescents with and without varicocele. Fertil Steril. 2013;99(1):92\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.08.048.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1896_CR34","unstructured":"ASRM. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. 2013(1556\u20135653 (Electronic))."},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(77)90132-7","volume":"10","author":"L Dubin","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dubin L, Amelar RD. Varicocelectomy: 986 cases in a twelve-year study. Urology. 1977;10(5):446\u20139.","journal-title":"Urology."},{"key":"1896_CR36","volume-title":"Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","author":"WHO","year":"2010","unstructured":"WHO. Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. 5th ed; 2010.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"10","key":"1896_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6079","volume":"84","author":"A Vermeulen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vermeulen A, Verdonck L, Kaufman JM. A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(10):3666\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6079.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"W1","key":"1896_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W486","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky310","volume":"46","author":"J Chong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chong J, Soufan O, Li C, Caraus I, Li S, Bourque G, et al. MetaboAnalyst 4.0: towards more transparent and integrative metabolomics analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(W1):W486\u2013W94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky310.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2307\/1266770","volume":"11","author":"RW Kennard","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kennard RW, Stone LA. Computer aided design of experiments. Technometrics. 1969;11(1):137\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1266770.","journal-title":"Technometrics."},{"issue":"D1","key":"1896_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D608","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1089","volume":"46","author":"DS Wishart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, et al. HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(D1):D608\u2013d17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkx1089.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12027","volume":"3","author":"C Paiva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paiva C, Amaral A, Rodriguez M, Canyellas N, Correig X, Ballesca JL, et al. Identification of endogenous metabolites in human sperm cells using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1) H-NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Andrology. 2015;3(3):496\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12027.","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR42","first-page":"82","volume":"64","author":"A Milewicz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Milewicz A, Krzyzanowska-Swiniarska B, Miazgowski T, Jedrzejuk D, Arkowska A, Mieszczanowicz U, et al. The reference values of sex hormones and SHBG serum levels in subjects over 65 years old - the PolSenior study. Endokrynol Pol. 2013;64(2):82\u201393.","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1896_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.04.068","volume":"13","author":"LW Trost","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trost LW, Mulhall JP. Challenges in testosterone measurement, data interpretation, and methodological appraisal of interventional trials. J Sex Med. 2016;13(7):1029\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.04.068.","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12174","volume":"4","author":"PT Del Giudice","year":"2016","unstructured":"Del Giudice PT, Belardin LB, Camargo M, Zylbersztejn DS, Carvalho VM, Cardozo KH, et al. Determination of testicular function in adolescents with varicocoele - a proteomics approach. Andrology. 2016;4(3):447\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12174.","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"key":"1896_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen SS. Significant predictive factors for subfertility in patients with subclinical varicocele. Andrologia. 2017;49(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12781.","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12781"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12707","volume":"8","author":"A Mumcu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mumcu A, Karaer A, Dogan B, Tuncay G. Metabolomics analysis of seminal plasma in patients with idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Andrology. 2020;8(2):450\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12707.","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"key":"1896_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8327506","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8327506","volume":"2018","author":"K Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao K, Zhang J, Xu Z, Xu Y, Xu A, Chen W, et al. Metabolomic profiling of human spermatozoa in idiopathic asthenozoospermia patients using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:8327506\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/8327506.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0181115","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181115","volume":"12","author":"S Qiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiao S, Wu W, Chen M, Tang Q, Xia Y, Jia W, et al. Seminal plasma metabolomics approach for the diagnosis of unexplained male infertility. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0181115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0181115.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"1896_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0282-4","volume":"31","author":"V Jayaraman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jayaraman V, Ghosh S, Sengupta A, Srivastava S, Sonawat HM, Narayan PK. Identification of biochemical differences between different forms of male infertility by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2014;31(9):1195\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-014-0282-4.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.07.021","volume":"54","author":"A Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta A, Mahdi AA, Ahmad MK, Shukla KK, Jaiswer SP, Shankhwar SN. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies on human seminal plasma: a probative discriminant function analysis classification model. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011;54(1):106\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.07.021.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990120309","volume":"12","author":"LL Gershbein","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gershbein LL, Thielen DR. Enzymatic and electrolytic profiles of human semen. Prostate. 1988;12(3):263\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.2990120309.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"1896_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chyra-Jach D, Kaletka Z, Dobrakowski M, Macho\u0144-Grecka A, Kasperczyk S, Bellanti F, et al. Levels of macro- and trace elements and select cytokines in the semen of infertile men. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-019-02022-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-02022-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(01)01001-9","volume":"58","author":"A Zini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zini A, O'Bryan MK, Schlegel PN. Nitric oxide synthase activity in human seminal plasma. Urology. 2001;58(1):85\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0090-4295(01)01001-9.","journal-title":"Urology."},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370215587913","volume":"240","author":"Y Hou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hou Y, Yin Y, Wu G. Dietary essentiality of \u201cnutritionally non-essential amino acids\u201d for animals and humans. Exp Biol Med (Maywood, NJ). 2015;240(8):997\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1535370215587913.","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood, NJ)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1978.tb01320.x","volume":"10","author":"JC Lavieri","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lavieri JC, Pierini AA. L-dopa and oligozoospermia. Andrologia. 1978;10(1):74\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1978.tb01320.x.","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009-2797(00)00179-4","volume":"127","author":"FW van Overveld","year":"2000","unstructured":"van Overveld FW, Haenen GR, Rhemrev J, Vermeiden JP, Bast A. Tyrosine as important contributor to the antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma. Chem Biol Interact. 2000;127(2):151\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0009-2797(00)00179-4.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1896_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.08.005","volume":"396","author":"TR Dias","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dias TR, Alves MG, Silva BM, Oliveira PF. Sperm glucose transport and metabolism in diabetic individuals. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014;396(1\u20132):37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2014.08.005.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.Ibju.2018.0730","volume":"45","author":"EP Gregorio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gregorio EP, Alexandrino AP, Schuquel ITA, da Costa WF, Rodrigues MAF. Seminal citrate is superior to PSA for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. Int Braz J Urol. 2019;45(6):1113\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1677-5538.Ibju.2018.0730.","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2008.00906.x","volume":"41","author":"L Said","year":"2009","unstructured":"Said L, Galeraud-Denis I, Carreau S, Saad A. Relationship between semen quality and seminal plasma components: alpha-glucosidase, fructose and citrate in infertile men compared with a normospermic population of Tunisian men. Andrologia. 2009;41(3):150\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2008.00906.x.","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.4.840","volume":"15","author":"A Zopfgen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zopfgen A, Priem F, Sudhoff F, Jung K, Lenk S, Loening SA, et al. Relationship between semen quality and the seminal plasma components carnitine, alpha-glucosidase, fructose, citrate and granulocyte elastase in infertile men compared with a normal population. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(4):840\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/15.4.840.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.77","volume":"9","author":"L Rato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rato L, Alves MG, Socorro S, Duarte AI, Cavaco JE, Oliveira PF. Metabolic regulation is important for spermatogenesis. Nat Rev Urol. 2012;9(6):330\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2012.77.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2004.00471.x","volume":"27","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Takahashi T, Iguchi N, Kitamura K, Miyagawa Y, Tsujimura A, et al. Ketone bodies could support the motility but not the acrosome reaction of mouse sperm. Int J Androl. 2004;27(3):172\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2004.00471.x.","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.02.006","volume":"338","author":"IV Gregoretti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gregoretti IV, Lee YM, Goodson HV. Molecular evolution of the histone deacetylase family: functional implications of phylogenetic analysis. J Mol Biol. 2004;338(1):17\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.02.006.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.08.009","volume":"106","author":"JC Newman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Newman JC, Verdin E. \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate: much more than a metabolite. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;106(2):173\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.08.009.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR65","first-page":"346","volume":"15","author":"A Leader","year":"1992","unstructured":"Leader A, Minuk GY, Mortimer D. Seminal plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in normospermic men. Clin Invest Med. 1992;15(4):346\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1896_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/2.10.733","volume":"2","author":"AE Calogero","year":"1996","unstructured":"Calogero AE, Hall J, Fishel S, Green S, Hunter A, D'Agata R. Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on human sperm motility and hyperactivation. Mol Hum Reprod. 1996;2(10):733\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/2.10.733.","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/4.8.769","volume":"4","author":"MN Ritta","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ritta MN, Calamera JC, Bas DE. Occurrence of GABA and GABA receptors in human spermatozoa. Mol Hum Reprod. 1998;4(8):769\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/4.8.769.","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1993.1274","volume":"159","author":"CA Wistrom","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wistrom CA, Meizel S. Evidence suggesting involvement of a unique human sperm steroid receptor\/Cl- channel complex in the progesterone-initiated acrosome reaction. Dev Biol. 1993;159(2):679\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/dbio.1993.1274.","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"1896_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dahlgren D, Sjoblom M, Hedeland M, Lennernas H. The in vivo effect of transcellular permeation enhancers on the intestinal permeability of two peptide drugs enalaprilat and hexarelin. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics12020099.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12020099"},{"key":"1896_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.09.001","volume":"450","author":"X Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang X, Diao R, Zhu X, Li Z, Cai Z. Metabolic characterization of asthenozoospermia using nontargeted seminal plasma metabolomics. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;450:254\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2015.09.001.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"12","key":"1896_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112219","volume":"54","author":"AD Maher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maher AD, Patki P, Lindon JC, Want EJ, Holmes E, Craggs M, et al. Seminal oligouridinosis: low uridine secretion as a biomarker for infertility in spinal neurotrauma. Clin Chem. 2008;54(12):2063\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112219.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"1896_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/27\/7\/007","volume":"27","author":"C Turner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turner C, Spanel P, Smith D. A longitudinal study of methanol in the exhaled breath of 30 healthy volunteers using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS. Physiol Meas. 2006;27(7):637\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0967-3334\/27\/7\/007.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2015.1054003","volume":"61","author":"C Bonechi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonechi C, Collodel G, Donati A, Martini S, Moretti E, Rossi C. Discrimination of human semen specimens by NMR data, sperm parameters, and statistical analysis. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2015;61(6):353\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/19396368.2015.1054003.","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.1.132","volume":"13","author":"S Hamamah","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hamamah S, Seguin F, Bujan L, Barthelemy C, Mieusset R, Lansac J. Quantification by magnetic resonance spectroscopy of metabolites in seminal plasma able to differentiate different forms of azoospermia. Hum Reprod. 1998;13(1):132\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/13.1.132.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10815-020-01896-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10815-020-01896-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10815-020-01896-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,25]],"date-time":"2021-07-25T23:36:07Z","timestamp":1627256167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10815-020-01896-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-020-01896-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-0468","1573-7330"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-0468","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7330","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco and Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (approval n. 2.075.028).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}