{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:40:56Z","timestamp":1786981256131,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Assist Reprod Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate whether leukocytospermia (defined as the presence of \u2265 1 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      white blood cells\/mL) affects clinical and embryologic outcomes in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study including 5425 cycles between January 2012 to December 2021 at a single large university-affiliated fertility clinic. The primary outcome was live birth rate (LBR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of leukocytospermia was 33.9% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1843). Baseline characteristics including female age, BMI, AMH, Day 3 FSH, and male partner\u2019s age were similar in cycles with and without leukocytospermia. The LBR after the first euploid embryo transfer was similar in those with and without leukocytospermia (62.3% vs. 63%\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.625). Secondary outcomes including clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), sustained implantation rate (SIR), fertilization (2PN) rate, blastulation rate, and aneuploidy rate were also evaluated. The CPR (73.3% vs 74.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.213) and SIR (64.6% vs. 66%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.305) were similar in both groups. The 2PN rate was also similar in both groups (85.7% vs. 85.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.791), as was the blastulation rate per 2PN (56.7% vs. 57.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.116). The aneuploidy rate was not significantly different between groups (25.7% vs 24.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.053). A generalized estimation equation with logistic regression demonstrated that the presence leukocytospermia did not influence the LBR (adjusted OR 0.878; 95% CI, 0.680\u20131.138).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leukocytospermia diagnosed just prior to an IVF cycle with PGT-A does not negatively impact clinical or embryologic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-024-03085-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T22:37:57Z","timestamp":1713652677000},"page":"1213-1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Leukocytospermia does not negatively impact outcomes in in vitro fertilization cycles with intracytoplasmic sperm injection and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy: findings from 5435 cycles"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8545-1713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavan","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas Garrido","family":"Puchalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Molinaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emre","family":"Seli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hotaling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3085_CR1","volume-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen","author":"World Health Organization H","year":"2021","unstructured":"World Health Organization H. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 6th ed. Geneva: WHO Press; 2021.","edition":"6"},{"issue":"1","key":"3085_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12662","volume":"8","author":"C Castellini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Castellini C, et al. Relationship between leukocytospermia, reproductive potential after assisted reproductive technology, and sperm parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Andrology. 2020;8(1):125\u201335.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"3085_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma R, et al. Relevance of leukocytospermia and semen culture and its true place in diagnosing and treating male infertility. World J Mens Health. 2022;40(2):191\u2013207.","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.210063"},{"issue":"6","key":"3085_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00562.x","volume":"28","author":"S Yilmaz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yilmaz S, et al. Effects of leucocytospermia on semen parameters and outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Int J Androl. 2005;28(6):337\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"3085_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-126","volume":"12","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agarwal A, et al. Reactive oxygen species and sperm DNA damage in infertile men presenting with low level leukocytospermia. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014;12:126.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"3085_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-89340-8_7","volume":"1358","author":"S Das","year":"2022","unstructured":"Das S, et al. Bacteriospermia and male infertility: role of oxidative stress. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1358:141\u201363.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3085_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136237","volume":"10","author":"RJ Aitken","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aitken RJ, et al. Analysis of sperm movement in relation to the oxidative stress created by leukocytes in washed sperm preparations and seminal plasma. Hum Reprod. 1995;10(8):2061\u201371.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"3085_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2021.102101","volume":"50","author":"R Derbel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Derbel R, et al. Relationship between nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA damage and standard sperm parameters in spermatozoa of infertile patients with leukocytospermia. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2021;50(5):102101.","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"3085_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.04.007","volume":"104","author":"G Ricci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ricci G, et al. Effect of seminal leukocytes on in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2015;104(1):87\u201393.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"3085_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-10-44","volume":"10","author":"M Cavagna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cavagna M, et al. The influence of leukocytospermia on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2012;10:44.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3085_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14403","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14403","volume":"54","author":"X Qiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiao X, et al. Effects of leukocytospermia on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. Andrologia. 2022;54(6):e14403.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"3085_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00067","volume":"11","author":"E Bosch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bosch E, De Vos M, Humaidan P. The future of cryopreservation in assisted reproductive technologies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:67.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3563","key":"3085_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1126\/science.140.3563.184","volume":"140","author":"CG Heller","year":"1963","unstructured":"Heller CG, Clermont Y. Spermatogenesis in man: an estimate of its duration. Science. 1963;140(3563):184\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3085_CR14","volume-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen","author":"WH Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"WH Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 5th ed. Geneva: WHO Press; 2010.","edition":"5"},{"key":"3085_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen M, et al. Chapter 32 - gamete and embryo manipulation. In: Strauss JF, Barbieri RL, editors. Yen & Jaffe\u2019s reproductive endocrinology, physiology, pathophysiology and clinical management. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2019. pp. 823\u2013856.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-47912-7.00032-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"3085_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.07.052","volume":"115","author":"AW Tiegs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tiegs AW, et al. A multicenter, prospective, blinded, nonselection study evaluating the predictive value of an aneuploid diagnosis using a targeted next-generation sequencing-based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy assay and impact of biopsy. Fertil Steril. 2021;115(3):627\u201337.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"3085_CR17","first-page":"378","volume-title":"Towards reproductive certainty: infertility and genetics beyond 1999","author":"W GDS","year":"1999","unstructured":"GDS W. In vitro culture of human blastocyst. In: Janson R, editor. Towards reproductive certainty: infertility and genetics beyond 1999. Parthenon Press: Carnforth; 1999. p. 378\u201388."},{"issue":"2","key":"3085_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.06.005","volume":"110","author":"C Niederberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niederberger C, et al. Forty years of IVF. Fertil Steril. 2018;110(2):185-324e5.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"3085_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gill K, et al. Male infertility coexists with decreased sperm genomic integrity and oxidative stress in semen irrespective of leukocytospermia. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;5;11(10):1987.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101987"},{"issue":"6","key":"3085_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.035","volume":"96","author":"V Barraud-Lange","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barraud-Lange V, et al. Seminal leukocytes are good samaritans for spermatozoa. Fertil Steril. 2011;96(6):1315\u20139.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"3085_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.08.007","volume":"120","author":"PN Schlegel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schlegel PN. Can sperm quality affect reproductive outcomes? Fertility and Sterility. 2023;120(4):707\u20138.","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"issue":"6","key":"3085_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.103366","volume":"47","author":"W Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu W, et al. High sperm DNA fragmentation increased embryo aneuploidy rate in patients undergoing preimplantation genetic testing. Reprod Biomed Online. 2023;47(6):103366.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"3085_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072176","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1072176","volume":"13","author":"H Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang H, et al. Correlation study of male semen parameters and embryo aneuploidy in preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1072176.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"3085_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/6.4.404","volume":"6","author":"E Johanisson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Johanisson E, et al. Evaluation of \u2018round cells\u2019 in semen analysis: a comparative study. Hum Reprod Update. 2000;6(4):404\u201312.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"6","key":"3085_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57588-8","volume":"63","author":"H Wolff","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wolff H. The biologic significance of white blood cells in semen. Fertil Steril. 1995;63(6):1143\u201357.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"3085_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.11.015","volume":"115","author":"PN Schlegel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schlegel PN, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA\/ASRM guideline part I. Fertil Steril. 2021;115(1):54\u201361.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"3085_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"hoaa039","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaa039","volume":"2020","author":"E Ventimiglia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ventimiglia E, et al. Leukocytospermia is not an informative predictor of positive semen culture in infertile men: results from a validation study of available guidelines. Hum Reprod Open. 2020;2020(3):hoaa039.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open."},{"issue":"2","key":"3085_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180078","volume":"37","author":"RJ Brunner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brunner RJ, Demeter JH, Sindhwani P. Review of guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of leukocytospermia in male infertility. World J Mens Health. 2019;37(2):128\u201337.","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3085_CR29","first-page":"2","volume":"2","author":"D Velez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Velez D, Ohlander S, Niederberger C. Pyospermia: background and controversies. F S Rep. 2021;2(1):2\u20136.","journal-title":"F S Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03085-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03085-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03085-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T08:15:37Z","timestamp":1717143337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03085-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03085-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-0468","1573-7330"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-0468","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7330","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Institutional review board approval was obtained to evaluate the retrospective data (Advarra IRB, Pro00027158).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}