{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T14:54:12Z","timestamp":1781967252050,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009088","name":"Veterin\u00e4rmedizinische Universit\u00e4t Wien","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009088","name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Assist Reprod Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mouse spermatozoa for archiving laboratory mice or for in vitro fertilization (IVF) are routinely obtained from the <jats:italic>cauda epididymis<\/jats:italic> of adult males sacrificed for this purpose. To avoid the death of the donor, we tested whether a precisely timed interruption of the mating act could be used for repeated sperm collection from laboratory mice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sperm donors (B6D2F1) were mated with a receptive female, and mating behavior was observed. The stud was separated from the female 1\u20132\u00a0s after the onset of the ejaculatory shudder. The ejected copulatory plug with the yellowish viscous ejaculate was carefully removed from the penile cup.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 80 ejaculates were successfully obtained from 100 ejaculations. The latency to first mount was 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u00a0min (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) and to ejaculation 8.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7\u00a0min. The average number of mounts to ejaculation was 10.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8, and the mean number of spermatozoa per collected ejaculate was 1.86\u2009\u00b1\u20091.05\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>. An average fertilization rate of 76% was observed after IVF.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Separating the stud from the female just before ejaculation is feasible, easy to learn, and requires no special equipment. The sperm count of collected ejaculates is lower than natural ejaculations, but higher than previous in vivo sperm collection methods achieved. We recommend this simple sperm collection method in mice, especially when the donor cannot be sacrificed and\/or repeated sperm collection from the same animal is required for experimental purposes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-024-03201-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T04:01:52Z","timestamp":1721188912000},"page":"2537-2546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A simple method for repeated in vivo sperm collection from laboratory mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sophie M.","family":"Burgstaller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6399-1388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin E.","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2121-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"R\u00fclicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.4.1260","volume":"73","author":"R Jaenisch","year":"1976","unstructured":"Jaenisch R. Germ line integration and Mendelian transmission of the exogenous Moloney leukemia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976;73(4):1260\u20134.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4526","key":"3201_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6272397","volume":"214","author":"JW Gordon","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gordon JW, Ruddle FH. Integration and stable germ line transmission of genes injected into mouse pronuclei. Science. 1981;214(4526):1244\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"3201_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90646-5","volume":"51","author":"KR Thomas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Thomas KR, Capecchi MR. Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells. Cell. 1987;51(3):503\u201312.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"3201_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2012.45.12.242","volume":"45","author":"YH Sung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sung YH, Baek IJ, Seong JK, Kim JS, Lee HW. Mouse genetics: catalogue and scissors. BMB Rep. 2012;45(12):686\u201392.","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"3201_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.025","volume":"153","author":"H Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang H, Yang H, Shivalila CS, Dawlaty MM, Cheng AW, Zhang F, Jaenisch R. One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes by CRISPR\/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Cell. 2013;153(4):910\u20138.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3201_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq879","volume":"39","author":"M Ringwald","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ringwald M, Iyer V, Mason JC, Stone KR, Tadepally HD, Kadin JA, Bult CJ, Eppig JT, Oakley DJ, Briois S, et al. The IKMC web portal: a central point of entry to data and resources from the International Knockout Mouse Consortium. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011;39:849\u201355.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3201_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32326","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32326","volume":"6","author":"JA Schick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schick JA, Seisenberger C, Beig J, Burger A, Iyer V, Maier V, Perera S, Rosen B, Skarnes WC, Wurst W. CRISPR-Cas9 enables conditional mutagenesis of challenging loci. Sci Rep. 2016;6:32326.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4059","key":"3201_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1126\/science.178.4059.411","volume":"178","author":"DG Whittingham","year":"1972","unstructured":"Whittingham DG, Leibo SP, Mazur P. Survival of mouse embryos frozen to -196 degrees and -269 degrees C. Science. 1972;178(4059):411\u20134.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"3201_CR9","first-page":"493","volume":"40","author":"T Takeshima","year":"1991","unstructured":"Takeshima T, Nakagata N, Ogawa S. Cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa. Jikken Dobutsu. 1991;40(4):493\u20137.","journal-title":"Jikken Dobutsu"},{"key":"3201_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2018.04.008","volume":"82","author":"JM Sztein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sztein JM, Takeo T, Nakagata N. History of cryobiology, with special emphasis in evolution of mouse sperm cryopreservation. Cryobiology. 2018;82:57\u201363.","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3201_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091550103","volume":"155","author":"RL Snyder","year":"1966","unstructured":"Snyder RL. Collection of mouse semen by electroejaculation. Anat Rec. 1966;155(1):11\u20134.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"3201_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1071\/RD02015","volume":"14","author":"RT Tecirlioglu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tecirlioglu RT, Hayes ES, Trounson AO. Semen collection from mice: electroejaculation. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2002;14(5\u20136):363\u201371.","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"issue":"5167","key":"3201_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/220592a0","volume":"220","author":"DG Whittingham","year":"1968","unstructured":"Whittingham DG. Fertilization of mouse eggs in vitro. Nature. 1968;220(5167):592\u20133.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"3201_CR14","first-page":"275","volume":"48","author":"N Songsasen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Songsasen N, Leibo SP. Live mice from cryopreserved embryos derived in vitro with cryopreserved ejaculated spermatozoa. Lab Anim Sci. 1998;48(3):275\u201381.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3201_CR15","first-page":"352","volume":"46","author":"WB Foxworth","year":"1996","unstructured":"Foxworth WB, Carpenter E, Kraemer DC, Kier AB. Nonsurgical and nonlethal retrieval of mouse spermatozoa. Lab Anim Sci. 1996;46(3):352\u20134.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3201_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677213478411","volume":"47","author":"GM Del Val","year":"2013","unstructured":"Del Val GM, Robledano PM. In vivo serial sampling of epididymal sperm in mice. Lab Anim. 2013;47(3):168\u201374.","journal-title":"Lab Anim"},{"issue":"5","key":"3201_CR17","first-page":"471","volume":"54","author":"A Boersma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boersma A, Olszanska O, Walter I, Rulicke T. Microsurgical and percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration for sperm collection from live mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2015;54(5):471\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"3201_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Windhofer L, Boersma A, Dahlhoff M, Rulicke T, Auer KE 2023 The impact of percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration on sperm quality in mice. Reprod Fertil 4(2).","DOI":"10.1530\/RAF-23-0017"},{"issue":"2","key":"3201_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac194","volume":"108","author":"G Moreno-Del Val","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moreno-Del Val G, Munoz-Robledano P, Caler AJ, Morante J. A method for multiple sampling mouse sperm in vivodagger. Biol Reprod. 2023;108(2):197\u2013203.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"3201_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0210215","volume":"21","author":"TE McGill","year":"1970","unstructured":"McGill TE, Coughlin RC. Ejaculatory reflex and luteal activity induction in Mus musculus. J Reprod Fertil. 1970;21(2):215\u201320.","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"issue":"3","key":"3201_CR21","first-page":"442","volume":"4","author":"S Van Der Lee","year":"1955","unstructured":"Van Der Lee S, Boot LM. Spontaneous pseudopregnancy in mice. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl. 1955;4(3):442\u20134.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl"},{"issue":"2","key":"3201_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0281330","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281330","volume":"18","author":"S Nakao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakao S, Ito K, Sugahara C, Watanabe H, Kondoh G, Nakagata N, Takeo T. Synchronization of the ovulation and copulation timings increased the number of in vivo fertilized oocytes in superovulated female mice. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(2):e0281330.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"3201_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3236","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.8.5309","volume":"138","author":"G Thordarson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thordarson G, Galosy S, Gudmundsson GO, Newcomer B, Sridaran R, Talamantes F. Interaction of mouse placental lactogens and androgens in regulating progesterone release in cultured mouse luteal cells. Endocrinology. 1997;138(8):3236\u201341.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3201_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.065359","volume":"78","author":"T Takeo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Takeo T, Hoshii T, Kondo Y, Toyodome H, Arima H, Yamamura K, Irie T, Nakagata N. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin improves fertilizing ability of C57BL\/6 mouse sperm after freezing and thawing by facilitating cholesterol efflux from the cells. Biol Reprod. 2008;78(3):546\u201351.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"3201_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.092536","volume":"85","author":"T Takeo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takeo T, Nakagata N. Reduced glutathione enhances fertility of frozen\/thawed C57BL\/6 mouse sperm after exposure to methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Biol Reprod. 2011;85(5):1066\u201372.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"3201_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/184105a0","volume":"184","author":"HM Bruce","year":"1959","unstructured":"Bruce HM. An exteroceptive block to pregnancy in the mouse. Nature. 1959;184:105.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"13","key":"3201_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2006.03068.x","volume":"15","author":"MD Dean","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dean MD, Ardlie KG, Nachman MW. The frequency of multiple paternity suggests that sperm competition is common in house mice (Mus domesticus). Mol Ecol. 2006;15(13):4141\u201351.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3201_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-013-1604-8","volume":"67","author":"KE Thonhauser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thonhauser KE, Raveh S, Hettyey A, Beissmann H, Penn DJ. Why do female mice mate with multiple males? Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2013;67(12):1961\u201370.","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3201_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35538","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035538","volume":"7","author":"SL Byers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Byers SL, Wiles MV, Dunn SL, Taft RA. Mouse estrous cycle identification tool and images. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(4):e35538.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3201_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arm003","volume":"18","author":"SA Ramm","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramm SA, Stockley P. Ejaculate allocation under varying sperm competition risk in the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus. Behav Ecol. 2007;18:491\u20135.","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3201_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru037","volume":"25","author":"SA Ramm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramm SA, Stockley P. Sequential male mate choice under sperm competition risk. Behav Ecol. 2014;25(3):660\u20137.","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3201_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.175.101","volume":"175","author":"PM Zavos","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zavos PM, Correa JR, Zarmakoupis PN. Epididymal spermatozoa: recovery and subsequent improvements of mouse epididymal spermatozoa via the SpermPrep filtration method. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1995;175(2):101\u20139.","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"issue":"375","key":"3201_CR33","first-page":"20200083","volume":"2020","author":"HL Bayram","year":"1813","unstructured":"Bayram HL, Franco C, Brownridge P, Claydon AJ, Koch N, Hurst JL, Beynon RJ, Stockley P. Social status and ejaculate composition in the house mouse. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1813;2020(375):20200083.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"3201_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2018.11.009","volume":"55","author":"HS Pedersen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pedersen HS, Liu Y, Foldager L, Callesen H, Larsen K, Sorensen MT. Calibration of sperm concentration for in vitro fertilization in a mouse reprotoxicity model. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019;55:58\u201361.","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"3201_CR35","unstructured":"Nagy A, Gerstenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer R: Assisted reproduction. In: Manipulating the mouse embryo. 3rd ed. edn: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2003: 565\u2013579."},{"issue":"4","key":"3201_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.062406","volume":"77","author":"Y Yamauchi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamauchi Y, Ajduk A, Riel JM, Ward MA. Ejaculated and epididymal mouse spermatozoa are different in their susceptibility to nuclease-dependent DNA damage and in their nuclease activity. Biol Reprod. 2007;77(4):636\u201347.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"3201_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127753","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127753","volume":"10","author":"H Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li H, Hung PH, Suarez SS. Ejaculated mouse sperm enter cumulus-oocyte complexes more efficiently in vitro than epididymal sperm. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5):e0127753.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3201_CR38","first-page":"39","volume":"48","author":"L Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu L, Nutter LM, Law N, McKerlie C. Sperm freezing and in vitro fertilization in three substrains of C57BL\/6 mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2009;48(1):39\u201343.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3201_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn237","volume":"26","author":"SA Ramm","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramm SA, McDonald L, Hurst JL, Beynon RJ, Stockley P. Comparative proteomics reveals evidence for evolutionary diversification of rodent seminal fluid and its functional significance in sperm competition. Mol Biol Evol. 2009;26(1):189\u201398.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3201_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.056887","volume":"76","author":"N Kawano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kawano N, Yoshida M. Semen-coagulating protein, SVS2, in mouse seminal plasma controls sperm fertility. Biol Reprod. 2007;76(3):353\u201361.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"6","key":"3201_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305609111","volume":"111","author":"JJ Bromfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bromfield JJ, Schjenken JE, Chin PY, Care AS, Jasper MJ, Robertson SA. Maternal tract factors contribute to paternal seminal fluid impact on metabolic phenotype in offspring. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(6):2200\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3201_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1163\/156853962X00087","volume":"19","author":"TE McGill","year":"1962","unstructured":"McGill TE. Sexual behavior in three inbred strains of mice. Behaviour. 1962;19:341\u201350.","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"3201_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(63)90265-3","volume":"11","author":"TE McGill","year":"1963","unstructured":"McGill TE, Blight WC. The sexual behaviour of hybrid male mice compared with the sexual behaviour of males of the inbred parent strains. Animal Behav. 1963;11:480\u20133.","journal-title":"Animal Behav"}],"container-title":["Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03201-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03201-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03201-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T08:14:36Z","timestamp":1726474476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03201-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03201-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-0468","1573-7330"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-0468","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7330","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Experimental procedures of the presented study were discussed and approved by the Ethics and Welfare Committee of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna and the national authority under license number BMWF-68\u2013205\/0258-II\/3b\/2011.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}