{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T10:23:08Z","timestamp":1774520588629,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004914","name":"Ferring Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FERRING COVID-19 INVESTIGATIONAL GRANTS in Reproductive Medicine"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FERRING COVID-19 INVESTIGATIONAL GRANTS in Reproductive Medicine"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004914","name":"Ferring Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Maternal Health (RMMH) 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Maternal Health (RMMH) 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Assist Reprod Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-024-03321-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T12:42:16Z","timestamp":1734612136000},"page":"577-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive tract: insights from semen analysis and cryopreservation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1819-0642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Giugliano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro M.","family":"Mozzarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Navarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rescigno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo E.","family":"Levi-Setti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Albani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10223","key":"3321_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang C, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30183-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"3321_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","volume":"382","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu N, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10224","key":"3321_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30251-8","volume":"395","author":"R Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu R, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30251-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1719902","volume":"9","author":"JF Chan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chan JF, et al. Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):221\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22221751.2020.1719902.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"3321_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.05.028","volume":"114","author":"N Holtmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holtmann N, et al. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in human semen-a cohort study. Fertil Steril. 2020;114(2):233\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.05.028.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"3321_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E878","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00183.2020","volume":"318","author":"JS Younis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Younis JS, Abassi Z, Skorecki K. Is there an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on male fertility? The ACE2 connection. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab. 2020;318(6):E878\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00183.2020.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"3321_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","volume":"181","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoffmann M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181(2):271-280.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12859","volume":"9","author":"RJ Aitken","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aitken RJ. COVID-19 and human spermatozoa-Potential risks for infertility and sexual transmission? Andrology. 2021;9(1):48\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12859.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3321_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040920","volume":"9","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Xu X. scRNA-seq profiling of human testes reveals the presence of the ACE2 receptor, a target for SARS-CoV-2 infection in spermatogonia, leydig and sertoli cells. Cells. 2020;9(4):920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9040920.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"3321_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dejucq N, J\u00e9gou B. Viruses in the mammalian male genital tract and their effects on the reproductive system. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2001;65(2):208\u201331; first and second pages, table of contents. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mmbr.65.2.208-231.2001.","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.65.2.208-231.2001"},{"issue":"11","key":"3321_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2311.171049","volume":"23","author":"AP Salam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salam AP, Horby PW. The breadth of viruses in human semen. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(11):1922\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2311.171049.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3321_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2022.782915","volume":"4","author":"RE Akhigbe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akhigbe RE, Dutta S, Hamed MA, Ajayi AF, Sengupta P, Ahmad G. Viral infections and male infertility: a comprehensive review of the role of oxidative stress. Front Reprod Health. 2022;4: 782915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frph.2022.782915.","journal-title":"Front Reprod Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"3321_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e208292","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292","volume":"3","author":"D Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li D, Jin M, Bao P, Zhao W, Zhang S. Clinical characteristics and results of semen tests among men with coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5):e208292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12848","volume":"9","author":"L Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo L, et al. Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen of a COVID-19 patient cohort. Andrology. 2021;9(1):42\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12848.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3321_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.05.009","volume":"6","author":"M Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang M, et al. Pathological findings in the testes of COVID-19 patients: clinical implications. Eur Urol Focus. 2020;6(5):1124\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2020.05.009.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"3321_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.11.012","volume":"99","author":"TS Omolaoye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Omolaoye TS, Adeniji AA, Cardona Maya WD, du Plessis SS. SARS-COV-2 (Covid-19) and male fertility: where are we? Reprod Toxicol. 2021;99:65\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.11.012.","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s43043-021-00089-w","volume":"26","author":"S Tiwari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tiwari S, et al. Semen parameters in men recovered from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Middle East Fertil Soc J. 2021;26(1):44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43043-021-00089-w.","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil Soc J"},{"key":"3321_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.12.025","volume":"164","author":"AB Collins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Collins AB, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on male fertility. Urology. 2022;164:33\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2021.12.025.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13098","volume":"10","author":"RJ Aitken","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aitken RJ. COVID-19 and male infertility: an update. Andrology. 2022;10(1):8\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13098.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"27","key":"3321_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29401","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000029401","volume":"101","author":"MI Malki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malki MI. COVID-19 and male infertility: an overview of the disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(27):e29401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000029401.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43043-020-00046-z","volume":"26","author":"I Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma I, Kumari P, Sharma A, Saha SC. SARS-CoV-2 and the reproductive system: known and the unknown..!! Middle East Fertil Soc J. 2021;26(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43043-020-00046-z.","journal-title":"Middle East Fertil Soc J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3321_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00542-5","volume":"19","author":"RC Edenfield","year":"2022","unstructured":"Edenfield RC, Easley CAT. Implications of testicular ACE2 and the renin-angiotensin system for SARS-CoV-2 on testis function. Nat Rev Urol. 2022;19(2):116\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41585-021-00542-5.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3321_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-21-922","volume":"11","author":"B Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu B, et al. Evaluation of mid- and long-term impact of COVID-19 on male fertility through evaluating semen parameters. Transl Androl Urol. 2022;11(2):159\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau-21-922.","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3321_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-20-0382","volume":"161","author":"B Hajizadeh Maleki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hajizadeh Maleki B, Tartibian B. COVID-19 and male reproductive function: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Reproduction. 2021;161(3):319\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep-20-0382.","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"3321_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.574761","volume":"11","author":"A Navarra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Navarra A, Albani E, Castellano S, Arruzzolo L, Levi-Setti PE. Coronavirus disease-19 infection: implications on male fertility and reproduction. Front Physiol. 2020;11: 574761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2020.574761.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3321_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202250","volume":"25","author":"B-W Che","year":"2023","unstructured":"Che B-W, et al. Effects of mild\/asymptomatic COVID-19 on semen parameters and sex-related hormone levels in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl. 2023;25(3):382\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aja202250.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"3321_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220048","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1220048","volume":"14","author":"MS Martinez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martinez MS, et al. COVID-19 associates with semen inflammation and sperm quality impairment that reverses in the short term after disease recovery. Front Physiol. 2023;14:1220048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1220048.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-024-02290-5","volume":"21","author":"Q-F Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Q-F, et al. Does COVID-19 affect sperm quality in males? the answer may be yes, but only temporarily. Virol J. 2024;21(1):24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-024-02290-5.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3321_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02055-x","volume":"46","author":"P Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai P, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and male infertility: from short- to long-term impacts. J Endocrinol Investig. 2023;46(8):1491\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-023-02055-x.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"issue":"6","key":"3321_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab026","volume":"36","author":"M Gacci","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gacci M, et al. Semen impairment and occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in semen after recovery from COVID-19. Hum Reprod. 2021;36(6):1520\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deab026.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"3321_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","volume":"21","author":"HE Davis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(3):133\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2016.12.001","volume":"6","author":"TH Jang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jang TH, et al. Cryopreservation and its clinical applications. Integr Med Res. 2017;6(1):12\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imr.2016.12.001.","journal-title":"Integr Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-021-00976-8","volume":"19","author":"S Bojic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bojic S, et al. Winter is coming: the future of cryopreservation. BMC Biol. 2021;19(1):56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12915-021-00976-8.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"3321_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanderzwalmen P, Ectors F, Panagiotidis Y, Schuff M, Murtinger M, Wirleitner B. The evolution of the cryopreservation techniques in reproductive medicine\u2014exploring the character of the vitrified state intra- and extracellularly to better understand cell survival after cryopreservation. Reprod Med. 2020;1(2):142\u201357. Available: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-3897\/1\/2\/11. Accessed 17 Sept 2020.","DOI":"10.3390\/reprodmed1020011"},{"key":"3321_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001","volume":"234","author":"MT Le","year":"2019","unstructured":"Le MT, et al. Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa by vitrification versus conventional rapid freezing: Effects on motility, viability, morphology and cellular defects. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;234:14\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3321_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmh013","volume":"10","author":"Y Englert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Englert Y, et al. Medically assisted reproduction in the presence of chronic viral diseases. Hum Reprod Update. 2004;10(2):149\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmh013.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"3321_CR37","unstructured":"O. World Health. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 5th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010."},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2015","volume":"96","author":"MD Griswold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Griswold MD. Spermatogenesis: the commitment to meiosis. Physiol Rev. 2016;96(1):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00013.2015.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"3321_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2019.09.022","volume":"6","author":"D Shah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shah D, Rasappan S, Gunasekaran K. A simple method of human sperm vitrification. MethodsX. 2019;6:2198\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mex.2019.09.022.","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"3321_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02163","volume":"11","author":"I Sanclemente-Alaman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanclemente-Alaman I, et al. Experimental models for the study of central nervous system infection by SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol. 2020;11:2163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02163.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3321_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45498","volume":"16","author":"N Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang N, Shen H-M. Targeting the endocytic pathway and autophagy process as a novel therapeutic strategy in COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci Rev. 2020;16(10):1724\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.45498.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci Rev"},{"key":"3321_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.621735","volume":"11","author":"EE Reza-Zald\u00edvar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reza-Zald\u00edvar EE, et al. Infection mechanism of SARS-COV-2 and its implication on the nervous system. Front Immunol. 2020;11: 621735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.621735.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3321_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v17i2.16","volume":"17","author":"P Sengupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sengupta P, Nwagha U, Dutta S, Krajewska-Kulak E, Izuka E. Evidence for decreasing sperm count in African population from 1965 to 2015. Afr Health Sci. 2017;17(2):418\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v17i2.16.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"3321_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.637559","volume":"8","author":"A Cassedy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cassedy A, Parle-McDermott A, O\u2019Kennedy R. Virus detection: a review of the current and emerging molecular and immunological methods. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8: 637559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2021.637559.","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3321_CR45","first-page":"123","volume":"16","author":"A Azenabor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azenabor A, Ekun AO, Akinloye O. Impact of inflammation on male reproductive tract. J Reprod Infertil. 2015;16(3):123\u20139.","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"issue":"2","key":"3321_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.044776","volume":"74","author":"J Xu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xu J, et al. Orchitis: a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Biol Reprod. 2006;74(2):410\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.105.044776.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"3321_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2018.1482487","volume":"22","author":"NV Mohamad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohamad NV, et al. The relationship between circulating testosterone and inflammatory cytokines in men. Aging Male. 2019;22(2):129\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13685538.2018.1482487.","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"3","key":"3321_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.3.517","volume":"16","author":"W Eggert-Kruse","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eggert-Kruse W, Boit R, Rohr G, Aufenanger J, Hund M, Strowitzki T. Relationship of seminal plasma interleukin (IL) -8 and IL-6 with semen quality*. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(3):517\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/16.3.517.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"3321_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00678","volume":"9","author":"ME Schmidt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmidt ME, Varga SM. The CD8 T cell response to respiratory virus infections. Front Immunol. 2018;9:678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00678.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3321_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092821","volume":"19","author":"E Nikitina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nikitina E, Larionova I, Choinzonov E, Kzhyshkowska J. Monocytes and Macrophages as Viral Targets and Reservoirs. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(9):2821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19092821.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3321_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030243","volume":"11","author":"EA van Erp","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Erp EA, van Kampen MR, van Kasteren PB, de Wit J. Viral infection of human natural killer cells. Viruses. 2019;11(3):243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v11030243.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"3321_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00171","volume":"5","author":"S Rosendahl Huber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosendahl Huber S, van Beek J, de Jonge J, Luytjes W, van Baarle D. T cell responses to viral infections - opportunities for Peptide vaccination. Front Immunol. 2014;5:171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00171.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3321_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009708","volume":"17","author":"V Upasani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Upasani V, Rodenhuis-Zybert I, Cantaert T. Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections. PLoS Pathog. 2021;17(7): e1009708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009708.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"3321_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02569","volume":"9","author":"A Saeidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saeidi A, et al. T-cell exhaustion in chronic infections: reversing the state of exhaustion and reinvigorating optimal protective immune responses. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02569.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3321_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13138","volume":"10","author":"S Morselli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morselli S, et al. Male reproductive system inflammation after healing from coronavirus disease 2019. Andrology. 2022;10(6):1030\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13138.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"3321_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gacci M et al. Persistent male genital tract inflammation and semen impairment: a long-term effect of sars-cov-2 infection. ed: Research Square. 2021.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-646778\/v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3233\/tub-211502","volume":"43","author":"RJ Epstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Epstein RJ. The secret identities of TMPRSS2: Fertility factor, virus trafficker, inflammation moderator, prostate protector and tumor suppressor. Tumour Biol. 2021;43(1):159\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/tub-211502.","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3321_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.04.024","volume":"113","author":"F Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan F, et al. No evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in semen of males recovering from coronavirus disease 2019. Fertil Steril. 2020;113(6):1135\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.04.024.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-020-10010-z","volume":"17","author":"MZ Ratajczak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ratajczak MZ, et al. SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 is expressed on very small CD45(-) precursors of hematopoietic and endothelial cells and in response to virus spike protein activates the Nlrp3 inflammasome. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2021;17(1):266\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-020-10010-z.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3321_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.004","volume":"146","author":"H Kimura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kimura H, et al. Type 2 inflammation modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in airway epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):80-88.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.004.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3321_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2005.01.005","volume":"29","author":"P De Paoli","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Paoli P. Bio-banking in microbiology: from sample collection to epidemiology, diagnosis and research. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2005;29(5):897\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.femsre.2005.01.005.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3321_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/2090598X.2021.1955554","volume":"19","author":"P Sengupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sengupta P, Leisegang K, Agarwal A. The impact of COVID-19 on the male reproductive tract and fertility: a systematic review. Arab J Urol. 2021;19(3):423\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2090598X.2021.1955554.","journal-title":"Arab J Urol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03321-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03321-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03321-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T13:39:53Z","timestamp":1740749993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03321-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-024-03321-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-0468","1573-7330"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-0468","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7330","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional ethics committee of Humanitas Research Hospital (Protocol number 230879). Semen samples were obtained after written and informed consent from 20 patients undergoing a seminal fluid evaluation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}