{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:46:02Z","timestamp":1792075562227,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Assist Reprod Genet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Obesity is associated with poor in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes, with limited data on patients with BMI\u2009\u2265\u200940\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . This study assessed BMI\u2019s impact on frozen embryo transfer (FET) outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study (2017\u20132024) of 1,424 FETs from 889 patients, stratified by BMI: normal (18.5\u201324.9), overweight (25.0\u201329.9), obese (30.0\u201339.9), morbidly obese (\u2265\u200940). Primary outcome was live birth rate per transfer (LBR). Secondary outcomes include clinical intrauterine pregnancy (CIUPR), miscarriage rates (MR), and proportion achieving\u2009\u2265\u20091 live birth. Outcomes were adjusted for age, AMH, FSH, PCOS, tubal infertility, and race.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LBR decreased with increasing BMI for all transfers (53.5%, 52.8%, 42.5%, 30.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and single elective euploid transfers (SEETs) (54.2%, 57.8%, 44.5%, 32.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). CIUPR showed the same pattern (58.0%, 59.5%, 50.4%, 39.7%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 all transfers; 58.6%, 63.1%, 51.0%, 40.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 SEETs), as did the proportion of patients achieving at least one birth (72.9%, 68.3%, 65.8%, 51.1%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020). MR significantly increased with BMI (7.4%, 11.2%, 15.2%, 22.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) for all transfers but not for SEETs (7.5%, 8.4%, 12.8%, 20.0%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.169). Each one-unit increase in BMI was associated with a 3% reduction in odds of live birth (aOR 0.969, 95% CI 0.951\u20130.987,\n                      <jats:italic>p&lt;0.001<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increasing BMI is associated with lower LBR and CIUPR, following FET, including SEETs. MR increased with BMI for all FETs, with a similar but non-significant gradient among SEETs. This highlights the importance of considering BMI when counseling patients, particularly those with morbid obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-026-04054-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:08:51Z","timestamp":1792073331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Obesity and morbid obesity are associated with reductions in live birth rate and increased miscarriage rate after frozen embryo transfer"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0016-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Tetelbaun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa","family":"Setteducate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindy","family":"Lowy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Felder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Keltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"4054_CR1","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. 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The requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data. All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee, as well as in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}