{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T05:32:43Z","timestamp":1793079163668,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"acknowledges funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["Grant No. 12402037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 12402037"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["Grant No. 20260507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 20260507"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant","award":["2025JCYBMS060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JCYBMS060"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province under Grant","award":["No.24JR156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.24JR156"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00jb7xy46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Cross-key Special Project of Tianyuan Fund for Mathematics under Grant","award":["No. 12326612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 12326612"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comput Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-026-00949-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:03:12Z","timestamp":1785319392000},"page":"599-618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Histamine regulation in shaping spindle refractoriness: a computational modeling study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Rong","family":"Zan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang-Ling","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"949_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.04.020","volume":"28","author":"JW Antony","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antony, J. W., Piloto, L., Wang, M., Pacheco, P., Norman, K. A., & Paller, K. A. (2018). Sleep spindle refractoriness segregates periods of memory reactivation. Current Biology, 28(11), 1736\u20131743.","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"949_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80161-0","volume":"17","author":"T Bal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bal, T., & McCormick, D. A. (1996). What stops synchronized thalamocortical oscillations? Neuron, 17(2), 297\u2013308.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"9","key":"949_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161934","volume":"11","author":"A Barardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barardi, A., Garcia-Ojalvo, J., & Mazzoni, A. (2016). Transition between functional regimes in an integrate-and-fire network model of the thalamus. PLoS One, 11(9), Article e0161934.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"949_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.04.046","volume":"82","author":"P Bartho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bartho, P., Slezia, A., Matyas, F., Faradzs-Zade, L., Ulbert, I., Harris, K. D., & Acsady, L. (2014). Ongoing network state controls the length of sleep spindles via inhibitory activity. Neuron, 82(6), 1367\u20131379.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"19","key":"949_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8691","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-19-08691.2002","volume":"22","author":"M Bazhenov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bazhenov, M., Timofeev, I., Steriade, M., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2002). Model of thalamocortical slow-wave sleep oscillations and transitions to activated states. Journal of Neuroscience, 22(19), 8691\u20138704.","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"949_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-15-S1-P219","volume":"15","author":"T Bond","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bond, T., Durrant, S., O\u2019Hare, L., Turner, D., & Sen-Bhattacharya, B. (2014). Studying the effects of thalamic interneurons in a thalamocortical neural mass model. BMC Neuroscience, 15(Suppl 1), Article P219.","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience"},{"issue":"15","key":"949_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5250","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6141-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"M Bonjean","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bonjean, M., Baker, T., Bazhenov, M., Cash, S., Halgren, E., & Sejnowski, T. (2012). Interactions between core and matrix thalamocortical projections in human sleep spindle synchronization. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(15), 5250\u20135263.","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"949_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00045.2025","volume":"133","author":"CC Canavier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Canavier, C. C. (2025). A mean field theory for pulse-coupled neural oscillators based on the spike time response curve. Journal of Neurophysiology, 133(6), 1630\u20131640.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"949_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13815","volume":"48","author":"A Castelnovo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castelnovo, A., Graziano, B., Ferrarelli, F., & D\u2019Agostino, A. (2018). Sleep spindles and slow waves in schizophrenia and related disorders: Main findings, challenges and future perspectives. European Journal of Neuroscience, 48(8), 2738\u20132758.","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"949_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.03.001","volume":"32","author":"MS Chan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chan, M. S., Chung, K. F., Yung, K. P., & Yeung, W. F. (2017). Sleep in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic findings in case-control studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 32, 69\u201384.","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"949_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091345","volume":"11","author":"L Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng, L., Liu, J., & Chen, Z. (2021). The histaminergic system in neuropsychiatric disorders. Biomolecules, 11(9), 1345.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"949_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho, J., Degros, H., Micoulaud\u2010Franchi, J. A., Sagaspe, P., d'Incau, E., Galvez, P., ..., & Taillard, J. (2025). Threshold values of sleep spindles features in healthy adults using scalp\u2010EEG and associations with sleep parameters.\u00a0Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology,\u00a012(6), 1276\u20131291.","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70055"},{"issue":"1","key":"949_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-013-0493-1","volume":"37","author":"F Cona","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cona, F., Lacanna, M., & Ursino, M. (2014). A thalamo-cortical neural mass model for the simulation of brain rhythms during sleep. Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 37(1), 125\u2013148.","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"949_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-03-01179.1997","volume":"17","author":"D Contreras","year":"1997","unstructured":"Contreras, D., Destexhe, A., Sejnowski, T. J., & Steriade, M. (1997). Spatiotemporal patterns of spindle oscillations in cortex and thalamus. Journal of Neuroscience, 17(3), 1179\u20131196.","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"949_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108154","author":"F Dehnavi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dehnavi, F., Koo-Poeggel, P. C., Ghorbani, M., & Marshall, L. (2023). Memory ability and retention performance relate differentially to sleep depth and spindle type. iScience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108154","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"4","key":"949_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(93)81190-1","volume":"65","author":"A Destexhe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Destexhe, A., Babloyantz, A., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1993). Ionic mechanisms for intrinsic slow oscillations in thalamic relay neurons. Biophysical Journal, 65(4), 1538\u20131552.","journal-title":"Biophysical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"949_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00961734","volume":"1","author":"A Destexhe","year":"1994","unstructured":"Destexhe, A., Mainen, Z. F., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1994a). Synthesis of models for excitable membranes, synaptic transmission and neuromodulation using a common kinetic formalism. Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 1(3), 195\u2013230.","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"949_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.2.803","volume":"72","author":"A Destexhe","year":"1994","unstructured":"Destexhe, A., Contreras, D., Sejnowski, T. J., & Steriade, M. (1994b). A model of spindle rhythmicity in the isolated thalamic reticular nucleus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 72(2), 803\u2013818.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"76","key":"949_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.3.2049","volume":"1996","author":"A Destexhe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Destexhe, A., Bal, T., McCormick, D. A., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1996). Ionic mechanisms underlying synchronized oscillations and propagating waves in a model of ferret thalamic slices. Journal of neurophysiology, 1996(76), 2049\u20132070.","journal-title":"Journal of neurophysiology"},{"key":"949_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, H., Li, M., Yan, Y., Qian, T., Lin, Y., Ma, X.,..., & Li, Y. (2023). Genetically encoded sensors for measuring histamine release both in vitro and in vivo. Neuron, 111(10), 1564\u20131576.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.02.024"},{"issue":"4","key":"949_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01425-2","volume":"27","author":"C El Khoueiry","year":"2022","unstructured":"El Khoueiry, C., Cabungcal, J. H., Rov\u00f3, Z., Fournier, M., Do, K. Q., & Steullet, P. (2022). Developmental oxidative stress leads to T-type Ca2+ channel hypofunction in thalamic reticular nucleus of mouse models pertinent to schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(4), 2042\u20132051.","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"949_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017476","volume":"10","author":"JM Fellous","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fellous, J. M., & Linster, C. (1998). Computational models of neuromodulation. Neural Computation, 10(4), 771\u2013805.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"issue":"2","key":"949_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00042.2018","volume":"100","author":"LM Fernandez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fernandez, L. M., & L\u00fcthi, A. (2020). Sleep spindles: Mechanisms and functions. Physiological Reviews, 100(2), 805\u2013868.","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"949_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16178","volume":"59","author":"F Ferrarelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferrarelli, F. (2024). Sleep spindles as neurophysiological biomarkers of schizophrenia. European Journal of Neuroscience, 59(8), 1907\u20131917.","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"949_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.05.023","volume":"180","author":"F Ferrarelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferrarelli, F., & Tononi, G. (2017). Reduced sleep spindle activity point to a TRN-MD thalamus-PFC circuit dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 180, 36\u201343.","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"5907","key":"949_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/302432a0","volume":"302","author":"HL Haas","year":"1983","unstructured":"Haas, H. L., & Konnerth, A. (1983). Histamine and noradrenaline decrease calcium-activated potassium conductance in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Nature, 302(5907), 432\u2013434.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5967","key":"949_CR27","first-page":"451","volume":"309","author":"HL Haas","year":"1984","unstructured":"Haas, H. L., & Konnerth, A. (1984). Histamine potentiates neuronal excitation by blocking a calcium-dependent potassium conductance. Nature, 309(5967), 451\u2013453.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"949_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1034","volume":"4","author":"H Haas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haas, H., & Panula, P. (2003). The role of histamine and the tuberomamillary nucleus in the nervous system. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4(2), 121\u2013130.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"949_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017100","volume":"399","author":"HL Haas","year":"1988","unstructured":"Haas, H. L., & Reiner, P. B. (1988). Membrane properties of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurones of the rat hypothalamus in vitro. Journal of Physiology, 399(1), 633\u2013646.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"949_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2007","author":"HL Haas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haas, H. L., Sergeeva, O. A., & Selbach, O. (2008). Histamine in the nervous system. Physiological Reviews. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00043.2007","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"949_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s40675-024-00284-x","volume":"10","author":"CG Herrera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Herrera, C. G., & Tarokh, L. (2024). A thalamocortical perspective on sleep spindle alterations in neurodevelopmental disorders. Current Sleep Medicine Reports, 10(2), 103\u2013118.","journal-title":"Current Sleep Medicine Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"949_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00915.2004","volume":"93","author":"S Hill","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hill, S., & Tononi, G. (2005). Modeling sleep and wakefulness in the thalamocortical system. Journal of Neurophysiology, 93(3), 1671\u20131698.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"949_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huguenard, J. R., & McCormick, D. A. (1992). Simulation of the currents involved in rhythmic oscillations in thalamic relay neurons.\u00a0Journal of Neurophysiology, 68, 1373\u20131383.","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.68.4.1373"},{"key":"949_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Q., Jiang, L., Chen, H., An, D., Ping, Y., Wang, Y.,..., & Hu, W. (2023). Histamine H2 receptor deficit in glutamatergic neurons contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(9), e2207003120.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2207003120"},{"issue":"3","key":"949_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.533bg.x","volume":"503","author":"MS Jafri","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jafri, M. S., Moore, K. A., Taylor, G. E., & Weinreich, D. (1997). Histamine H1 receptor activation blocks two classes of potassium current, IK (rest) and IAHP to excite ferret vagal afferents. Journal of Physiology, 503(3), 533\u2013546.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"949_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2022.769860","volume":"16","author":"N Jajcay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jajcay, N., Cakan, C., & Obermayer, K. (2022). Cross-frequency slow oscillation\u2013spindle coupling in a biophysically realistic thalamocortical neural mass model. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 16, Article 769860.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"949_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054343","volume":"8","author":"AM Koupparis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koupparis, A. M., Kokkinos, V., & Kostopoulos, G. K. (2013). Spindle power is not affected after spontaneous K-complexes during human NREM sleep. PLoS One, 8(1), Article e54343.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"949_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad017","volume":"46","author":"H Kwon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kwon, H., Walsh, K. G., Berja, E. D., Manoach, D. S., Eden, U. T., Kramer, M. A., & Chu, C. J. (2023). Sleep spindles in the healthy brain from birth through 18 years. Sleep, 46(4), Article zsad017.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"17","key":"949_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6716","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400817101","volume":"101","author":"KH Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee, K. H., Broberger, C., Kim, U., & McCormick, D. A. (2004). Histamine modulates thalamocortical activity by activating a chloride conductance in ferret perigeniculate neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(17), 6716\u20136721.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"949_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00e9na, I., Parrot, S., Deschaux, O., Muffat\u2010Joly, S., Sauvinet, V., Renaud, B. E. E. A., ... & Gottesmann, C. (2005). Variations in extracellular levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, glutamate, and aspartate across the sleep\u2013wake cycle in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 81(6), 891\u2013899.","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20602"},{"issue":"10","key":"949_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005797","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005797","volume":"13","author":"G Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, G., Henriquez, C. S., & Fr\u00f6hlich, F. (2017). Unified thalamic model generates multiple distinct oscillations with state-dependent entrainment by stimulation. PLoS Computational Biology, 13(10), e1005797.","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"949_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2019.00100","volume":"13","author":"Q Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Q., Song, J. L., Li, S. H., Westover, M. B., & Zhang, R. (2020). Effects of cholinergic neuromodulation on thalamocortical rhythms during NREM sleep: A model study. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 13, 100.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience"},{"key":"949_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Wang, C., & Wu, S. (2024). Spindle oscillations emerge at the critical state of electrically coupled networks in the thalamic reticular nucleus. Cell Reports, 43(10), 114790.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114790"},{"issue":"1","key":"949_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.170134","volume":"336","author":"JS Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin, J. S., Sergeeva, O. A., & Haas, H. L. (2011). Histamine H3 receptors and sleep-wake regulation. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 336(1), 17\u201323.","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"949_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80994-0","volume":"20","author":"A L\u00fcthi","year":"1998","unstructured":"L\u00fcthi, A., & McCormick, D. A. (1998). Periodicity of thalamic synchronized oscillations: The role of Ca2+-mediated upregulation of Ih. Neuron, 20(3), 553\u2013563.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"949_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095754","volume":"15","author":"DS Manoach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manoach, D. S., & Stickgold, R. (2019). Abnormal sleep spindles, memory consolidation, and schizophrenia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15(1), 451\u2013479.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"949_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031908","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.73.031908","volume":"73","author":"J Mayer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mayer, J., Schuster, H. G., & Claussen, J. C. (2006). Role of inhibitory feedback for information processing in thalamocortical circuits. Physical Review E\u2014Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 73(3), 031908.","journal-title":"Physical Review E\u2014Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics"},{"issue":"10","key":"949_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-10-03188.1991","volume":"11","author":"DA McCormick","year":"1991","unstructured":"McCormick, D. A., & Williamson, A. (1991). Modulation of neuronal firing mode in cat and guinea pig LGNd by histamine: Possible cellular mechanisms of histaminergic control of arousal. Journal of Neuroscience, 11(10), 3188\u20133199.","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"949_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306218","volume":"19","author":"M Mushtaq","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mushtaq, M., Marshall, L., ul Haq, R., & Martinetz, T. (2024). Possible mechanisms to improve sleep spindles via closed loop stimulation during slow wave sleep: A computational study. PLoS One, 19(6), Article e0306218.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"949_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petit, J. M., Strippoli, M. P. F., Stephan, A., Ranjbar, S., Haba-Rubio, J., Solelhac, G.,..., & Do, K. Q. (2022). Sleep spindles in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders or bipolar disorders: a pilot study in a general population-based cohort. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 758.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04423-y"},{"issue":"9","key":"949_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005022","volume":"12","author":"M Schellenberger Costa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schellenberger Costa, M., Weigenand, A., Ngo, H. V. V., Marshall, L., Born, J., Martinetz, T., & Claussen, J. C. (2016). A thalamocortical neural mass model of the EEG during NREM sleep and its response to auditory stimulation. PLoS Computational Biology, 12(9), Article e1005022.","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"949_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00223-6","volume":"124","author":"N Sittig","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sittig, N., & Davidowa, H. (2001). Histamine reduces firing and bursting of anterior and intralaminar thalamic neurons and activates striatal cells in anesthetized rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 124(2), 137\u2013143.","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"issue":"5134","key":"949_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235588","volume":"262","author":"M Steriade","year":"1993","unstructured":"Steriade, M., McCormick, D. A., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1993). Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain. Science, 262(5134), 679\u2013685.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"949_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.03.014","volume":"126(2)","author":"P Suffczynski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Suffczynski, P., Kalitzin, S., & Da Silva, F. L. (2004). Dynamics of non-convulsive epileptic phenomena modeled by a bistable neuronal network. Neuroscience, 126(2), 467\u2013484.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"949_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00152-3","volume":"87","author":"Y Takeshita","year":"1998","unstructured":"Takeshita, Y., Watanabe, T., Sakata, T., Munakata, M., Ishibashi, H., & Akaike, N. (1998). Histamine modulates high-voltage-activated calcium channels in neurons dissociated from the rat tuberomammillary nucleus. Neuroscience, 87(4), 797\u2013805.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"949_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.06.004","volume":"15","author":"MM Thakkar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thakkar, M. M. (2011). Histamine in the regulation of wakefulness. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 15(1), 65\u201374.","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"key":"949_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117452","volume":"224","author":"FD Weber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weber, F. D., Supp, G. G., Klinzing, J. G., M\u00f6lle, M., Engel, A. K., & Born, J. (2021). Coupling of gamma band activity to sleep spindle oscillations\u2013A combined EEG\/MEG study. NeuroImage, 224, Article 117452.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"949_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01371","volume":"33","author":"C Weistuch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weistuch, C., Mujica-Parodi, L. R., & Dill, K. (2021). The refractory period matters: Unifying mechanisms of macroscopic brain waves. Neural Computation, 33(5), 1145\u20131163.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"949_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wodeyar, A., Chinappen, D., Mylonas, D., Baxter, B., Manoach, D. S., Eden, U. T.,..., & Chu, C. J. (2024). Thalamic epileptic spikes disrupt sleep spindles in patients with epileptic encephalopathy.\u00a0Brain,\u00a0147(8), 2803\u20132816.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae119"},{"key":"949_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, F., Han, L., Wang, Y., Deng, D., Ding, Y., Zhao, S.,..., & Chen, X. (2023). Prolonged anesthesia induces neuroinflammation and complement-mediated microglial synaptic elimination involved in neurocognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behaviors. BMC Medicine, 21(1), 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02705-6"},{"key":"949_CR61","unstructured":"Zygierewicz, J. (2000). Analysis of sleep spindles and amodel of their generation. Department of Physics. vol. Doctor of Physics Warsaw: Warsaw University, p. 96."}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10827-026-00949-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10827-026-00949-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10827-026-00949-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:46:05Z","timestamp":1793076365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10827-026-00949-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10827-026-00949-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-5313","1573-6873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-5313","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used AI-assisted language-editing tools to improve the clarity, grammar, and readability of the text. These tools were used only for language polishing and were not involved in developing the scientific ideas, designing the methodology, performing the analyses, generating or interpreting the results, or drawing the conclusions. After using these tools, the authors carefully reviewed and edited the manuscript and take full responsibility for the content of the article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}