{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:41:24Z","timestamp":1786981284539,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interv Card Electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-015-0084-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T00:03:54Z","timestamp":1450829034000},"page":"169-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Outcome of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation with the cryoballoon using two different application times: the 4- versus 3-min protocol"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Straube","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Dorwarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Bunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wankerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ullrich","family":"Ebersberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"84_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.064","volume":"61","author":"DL Packer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Packer, D. L., Kowal, R. C., Wheelan, K. R., Irwin, J. M., Champagne, J., Guerra, P. G., et al. (2013). Cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary veins for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: first results of the North American Arctic Front (STOP AF) pivotal trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61(16), 1713\u20131723.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"16","key":"84_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.09.033","volume":"61","author":"J Vogt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vogt, J., Heintze, J., Gutleben, K. J., Muntean, B., Horstkotte, D., & Nolker, G. (2013). Long-term outcomes after cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation: results from a prospective study in 605 patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61(16), 1707\u20131712.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000899","volume":"7","author":"F Straube","year":"2014","unstructured":"Straube, F., Dorwarth, U., Schmidt, M., Wankerl, M., Ebersberger, U., & Hoffmann, E. (2014). Comparison of the first and second cryoballoon: high-volume single-center safety and efficacy analysis. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 7(2), 293\u2013299.","journal-title":"Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"84_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu162","volume":"16","author":"F Straube","year":"2014","unstructured":"Straube, F., Dorwarth, U., Vogt, J., Kuniss, M., Heinz Kuck, K., Tebbenjohanns, J., et al. (2014). Differences of two cryoballoon generations: insights from the prospective multicentre, multinational FREEZE cohort substudy. Europace, 16(10), 1434\u20131442.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(85)90172-5","volume":"22","author":"AA Gage","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gage, A. A., Guest, K., Montes, M., Caruana, J. A., & Whalen, D. A., Jr. (1985). Effect of varying freezing and thawing rates in experimental cryosurgery. Cryobiology, 22(2), 175\u2013182.","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"84_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2009.10.001","volume":"59","author":"AA Gage","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gage, A. A., Baust, J. M., & Baust, J. G. (2009). Experimental cryosurgery investigations in vivo. [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review]. Cryobiology, 59(3), 229\u2013243.","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"84_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02315.x","volume":"23","author":"KR Chun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chun, K. R., Furnkranz, A., Koster, I., Metzner, A., Tonnis, T., Wohlmuth, P., et al. (2012). Two versus one repeat freeze-thaw cycle(s) after cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation: the alster extra pilot study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 23(8), 814\u2013819.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12082","volume":"24","author":"A Furnkranz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Furnkranz, A., Bordignon, S., Schmidt, B., Gunawardene, M., Schulte-Hahn, B., Urban, V., et al. (2013). Improved procedural efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation using the novel second-generation cryoballoon. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 24(5), 492\u2013497.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut417","volume":"16","author":"GB Chierchia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chierchia, G. B., Di Giovanni, G., Ciconte, G., de Asmundis, C., Conte, G., Sieira-Moret, J., et al. (2014). Second-generation cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: 1-year follow-up. Europace, 16(5), 639\u2013644.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"7","key":"84_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut400","volume":"16","author":"S Bordignon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bordignon, S., Furnkranz, A., Dugo, D., Perrotta, L., Gunawardene, M., Bode, F., et al. (2014). Improved lesion formation using the novel 28\u00a0mm cryoballoon in atrial fibrillation ablation: analysis of biomarker release. Europace, 16(7), 987\u2013993.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"3","key":"84_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.01.002","volume":"11","author":"RP Martins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martins, R. P., Hamon, D., Cesari, O., Behaghel, A., Behar, N., Sellal, J. M., et al. (2014). Safety and efficacy of a second-generation cryoballoon in the ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 11(3), 386\u2013393.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12358","volume":"25","author":"A Metzner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Metzner, A., Rausch, P., Lemes, C., Reissmann, B., Bardyszewski, A., Tilz, R., et al. (2014). The incidence of phrenic nerve injury during pulmonary vein isolation using the second-generation 28 mm cryoballoon. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 25(5), 466\u2013470.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.001473","volume":"7","author":"A Metzner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Metzner, A., Reissmann, B., Rausch, P., Mathew, S., Wohlmuth, P., Tilz, R., et al. (2014). One-year clinical outcome after pulmonary vein isolation using the second-generation 28-mm cryoballoon. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 7(2), 288\u2013292.","journal-title":"Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"key":"84_CR14","unstructured":"Takami, M., Lehmann, H. I., Misiri, J., Parker, K. D., Sarmiento, R. I., Johnson, S. B., et al. (2015). The impact of freezing time and balloon size on the thermodynamics and isolation efficacy during pulmonary vein isolation using the 2nd generation cryoballoon. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology."},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-013-9855-x","volume":"39","author":"GB Chierchia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chierchia, G. B., Di Giovanni, G., Sieira-Moret, J., de Asmundis, C., Conte, G., Rodriguez-Manero, M., et al. (2014). Initial experience of three-minute freeze cycles using the second-generation cryoballoon ablation: acute and short-term procedural outcomes. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 39(2), 145\u2013151.","journal-title":"Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"84_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.12.026","volume":"12","author":"G Ciconte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ciconte, G., de Asmundis, C., Sieira, J., Conte, G., Di Giovanni, G., Mugnai, G., et al. (2015). Single 3-minute freeze for second-generation cryoballoon ablation: one-year follow-up after pulmonary vein isolation. Heart Rhythm, 12(4), 673\u2013680.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"84_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tebbenjohanns, J., Hofer, C., Bergmann, L., Dedroogh, M., Gaudin, D., von Werder, A., et al. (2015). Shortening of freezing cycles provides equal outcome to standard ablation procedure using second-generation 28\u00a0mm cryoballoon after 15-month follow-up. Europace.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv189"},{"key":"84_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wissner, E., Heeger, C. H., Grahn, H., Reissmann, B., Wohlmuth, P., Lemes, C., et al. (2015). One-year clinical success of a 'no-bonus' freeze protocol using the second-generation 28\u00a0mm cryoballoon for pulmonary vein isolation. Europace.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv024"},{"issue":"8","key":"84_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02302.x","volume":"23","author":"M Lakhani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lakhani, M., Saiful, F., Bekheit, S., & Kowalski, M. (2012). Use of intracardiac echocardiography for early detection of phrenic nerve injury during cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation. [Case Reports]. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 23(8), 874\u2013876.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"84_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00236-3","volume":"49","author":"P Peduzzi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peduzzi, P., Concato, J., Kemper, E., Holford, T. R., & Feinstein, A. R. (1996). A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 49(12), 1373\u20131379.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"84_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000228","volume":"6","author":"A Metzner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Metzner, A., Burchard, A., Wohlmuth, P., Rausch, P., Bardyszewski, A., Gienapp, C., et al. (2013). Increased incidence of esophageal thermal lesions using the second-generation 28-mm cryoballoon. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 6(4), 769\u2013775.","journal-title":"Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-43086","volume":"51","author":"N Doll","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doll, N., Kornherr, P., Aupperle, H., Fabricius, A. M., Kiaii, B., Ullmann, C., et al. (2003). Epicardial treatment of atrial fibrillation using cryoablation in an acute off-pump sheep model. The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 51(5), 267\u2013273.","journal-title":"The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2005.109413","volume":"4","author":"H Aupperle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aupperle, H., Doll, N., Walther, T., Ullmann, C., Schoon, H. A., & Wilhelm Mohr, F. (2005). Histological findings induced by different energy sources in experimental atrial ablation in sheep. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 4(5), 450\u2013455.","journal-title":"Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery"},{"issue":"11","key":"84_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01224.x","volume":"19","author":"P Khairy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khairy, P., Rivard, L., Guerra, P. G., Tanguay, J. F., Mawad, W., Roy, D., et al. (2008). Morphometric ablation lesion characteristics comparing 4, 6, and 8 mm electrode-tip cryocatheters. [Comparative Study Evaluation Studies Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19(11), 1203\u20131207.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"84_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(99)70024-1","volume":"41","author":"DL Lustgarten","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lustgarten, D. L., Keane, D., & Ruskin, J. (1999). Cryothermal ablation: mechanism of tissue injury and current experience in the treatment of tachyarrhythmias. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review]. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 41(6), 481\u2013498.","journal-title":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)64691-7","volume":"46","author":"LJ Markovitz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Markovitz, L. J., Frame, L. H., Josephson, M. E., & Hargrove, W. C., 3rd. (1988). Cardiac cryolesions: factors affecting their size and a means of monitoring their formation. [Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.]. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 46(5), 531\u2013535.","journal-title":"The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.11.005","volume":"40","author":"KJ Chua","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chua, K. J., Chou, S. K., & Ho, J. C. (2007). An analytical study on the thermal effects of cryosurgery on selective cell destruction. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(1), 100\u2013116.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"9","key":"84_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2012.03436.x","volume":"35","author":"JG Andrade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andrade, J. G., Dubuc, M., Guerra, P. G., Macle, L., Mondesert, B., Rivard, L., et al. (2012). The biophysics and biomechanics of cryoballoon ablation. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 35(9), 1162\u20131168.","journal-title":"Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"84_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.1995.1021","volume":"32","author":"GJ Stewart","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stewart, G. J., Preketes, A., Horton, M., Ross, W. B., & Morris, D. L. (1995). Hepatic cryotherapy: double-freeze cycles achieve greater hepatocellular injury in man. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Cryobiology, 32(3), 215\u2013219.","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12626","volume":"26","author":"VY Reddy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reddy, V. Y., Sediva, L., Petru, J., Skoda, J., Chovanec, M., Chitovova, Z., et al. (2015). Durability of pulmonary vein isolation with cryoballoon ablation: results from the sustained PV isolation with arctic front advance (SUPIR) study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 26(5), 493\u2013500.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"84_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv057","volume":"17","author":"J Kautzner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kautzner, J., Neuzil, P., Lambert, H., Peichl, P., Petru, J., Cihak, R., et al. (2015). EFFICAS II: optimization of catheter contact force improves outcome of pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Europace, 17(8), 1229\u20131235.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"6","key":"84_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12114","volume":"24","author":"JG Andrade","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andrade, J. G., Dubuc, M., Guerra, P. G., Landry, E., Coulombe, N., Leduc, H., et al. (2013). Pulmonary vein isolation using a second-generation cryoballoon catheter: a randomized comparison of ablation duration and method of deflation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 24(6), 692\u2013698.","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"84_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-011-9585-x","volume":"32","author":"U Dorwarth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dorwarth, U., Schmidt, M., Wankerl, M., Krieg, J., Straube, F., & Hoffmann, E. (2011). Pulmonary vein electrophysiology during cryoballoon ablation as a predictor for procedural success. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology, 32(3), 205\u2013211.","journal-title":"Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"84_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut021","volume":"15","author":"T Neumann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neumann, T., Wojcik, M., Berkowitsch, A., Erkapic, D., Zaltsberg, S., Greiss, H., et al. (2013). Cryoballoon ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: 5-year outcome after single procedure and predictors of success. Europace, 15(8), 1143\u20131149.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"84_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avgil Tsadok, M., Gagnon, J., Joza, J., Behlouli, H., Verma, A., Essebag, V., et al. (2015). Temporal trends and sex differences in pulmonary vein isolation for patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.06.029"},{"issue":"7","key":"84_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.03.031","volume":"12","author":"PD Bhave","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhave, P. D., Lu, X., Girotra, S., Kamel, H., & Vaughan Sarrazin, M. S. (2015). Race- and sex-related differences in care for patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 12(7), 1406\u20131412.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.847954","volume":"2","author":"AK Jacobs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jacobs, A. K. (2009). Coronary intervention in 2009: are women no different than men? Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions, 2(1), 69\u201378.","journal-title":"Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-015-0084-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10840-015-0084-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-015-0084-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T22:04:14Z","timestamp":1559253854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10840-015-0084-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["84"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-015-0084-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-875X","1572-8595"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-875X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8595","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]}}}