{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T11:11:51Z","timestamp":1753182711824,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457395200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interv Card Electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-016-0119-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T03:22:41Z","timestamp":1457407361000},"page":"37-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Medical specialty certification in the United States\u2014a false idol?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7391-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Westby G.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Schloss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"119_CR1","unstructured":"Webb, S., & Webb, B. (1917) Architects Services (Chapter 7). New Statesman 21 Apr."},{"issue":"6","key":"119_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000061","volume":"118","author":"PM Kempen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kempen, P. M. (2014). Maintenance of certification and licensure: regulatory capture of medicine. Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia, 118(6), 1378\u20131386.","journal-title":"Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"119_CR3","volume-title":"Death of the guilds: professions, states, and the advance of capitalism, 1930 to the present","author":"EA Krause","year":"1996","unstructured":"Krause, E. A. (1996). Death of the guilds: professions, states, and the advance of capitalism, 1930 to the present. New Haven: Yale University Press. ix."},{"key":"119_CR4","unstructured":"Time line of the history of the AMA. (2015) American Medical Association website. http:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/ama\/pub\/about-ama\/our-people\/ama-councils\/council-medical-education\/historical-timeline.page Accessed 25 Sep"},{"key":"119_CR5","unstructured":"Flexner, A. (2015) Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (pdf) 1910, Bulletin No. 4., New York City: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, p. 346, OCLC 9795002, retrieved June 8."},{"key":"119_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Editorial: the dangers of excessive specialization. J Am Med Assoc 1900; XXXIV(22): 1420-1421.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1900.02460220050008"},{"issue":"2","key":"119_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.353","volume":"130","author":"DM O\u2019Day","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Day, D. M., & Ladden, M. R. (2012). The influence of Derrick T. Vale Sr., MD, and Edward M. Jackson, MD, on the creation of the American Board of Ophthalmology and the specialist board system in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology, 130(2), 224\u2013232.","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"119_CR8","unstructured":"History of the ABMS. ABMS.org Website. Archived Jan 31, 1998. Available at: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/19980131095657\/ http:\/\/www.abms.org\/history.html ."},{"issue":"1","key":"119_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-1-59","volume":"114","author":"RJ Glassock","year":"1991","unstructured":"Glassock, R. J., Benson, J. A., Copeland, R. B., Godwin, H. A., Johanson, W. G., Point, W., Popp, R. L., Scherr, L., Stein, J. H., & Tounton, O. D. (1991). Time-limited certification and recertification: the program of the American Board of Internal Medicine. Annals of Internal Medicine, 114(1), 59\u201362.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"119_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90390-9","volume":"20","author":"Cardiovascular Disease Board of the American Board of Internal Medicine","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cardiovascular Disease Board of the American Board of Internal Medicine. (1992). Recertification in cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 20(5), 1294\u20131295.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"119_CR11","unstructured":"Frequently asked questions about the ABIM recertification program (Archived ABIM web page). https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/19980423183305\/ http:\/\/www.abim.org\/recrtfaq.htm Accessed 25 Sep 2015."},{"key":"119_CR12","unstructured":"1996 Recertification pass rates. (2015) ABIM archived web page. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/19980423183018\/ http:\/\/www.abim.org\/97WINTER.HTM . Accessed 25 Sep 2015."},{"issue":"4","key":"119_CR13","first-page":"7","volume":"2","author":"D Buscemi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buscemi, D., Wang, H., Phy, M., & Nugent, K. (2013). Maintenance of certification in Internal Medicine: participation rates and patient outcomes. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives [S.I.], 2(4), 7.","journal-title":"Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives [S.I.]"},{"issue":"1","key":"119_CR14","first-page":"111","volume":"11","author":"JJ Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Smith, J. J. (1994). Specialty board certification and federal civil rights statues. The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy, 11(1), 111\u2013147.","journal-title":"The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy"},{"key":"119_CR15","unstructured":"2000 Dates and exam fees. (2015) ABIM archived web page. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20000614045532\/ http:\/\/www.abim.org\/info\/2000fees.htm . Accessed 25 Sep."},{"key":"119_CR16","unstructured":"Maintenance of certification fees 2014. (2015) ABIM Website. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140106055748\/ http:\/\/www.abim.org\/maintenance-of-certification\/policies.aspx#enrollcost . Accessed 26 Sep."},{"key":"119_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1011","volume":"163","author":"AT Sandu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sandu, A. T., Dudley, R. A., & Kazi, D. S. (2015). A cost analysis of the American Board of Internal Medicine\u2019s maintenance-of-certification program. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163, 401\u2013408.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"119_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2033","volume":"8","author":"GL Freed","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freed, G. L., Dunham, K. M., & Gebremarium, A. (2013). Change in hospitals\u2019 credentialing requirements for board certification from 2005 to 2010. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 8(6), 298\u2013303.","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Medicine"},{"key":"119_CR19","unstructured":"An online petition to recall changes to Maintenance of Certification. http:\/\/www.petitionbuzz.com\/petitions\/recallmoc Accessed 25 Sep 2015."},{"issue":"6","key":"119_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1011","volume":"163","author":"AT Sandhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sandhu, A. T., Dudley, R. A., & Kazi, D. S. (2015). Cost analysis of the ABIM maintenance of certification program. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(6), 401\u2013408.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"119_CR21","unstructured":"Fisher, W.G. (2015) ABIM First-Time MOC Pass Rates 2000-2014. \u201cDr. Wes\u201d Weblog, http:\/\/drwes.blogspot.com\/2015\/09\/abim-first-time-moc-pass-rates-2000-2014.html Accessed 25 Sep."},{"key":"119_CR22","unstructured":"\u201cCost of Keeping Up.\u201d ABIM web blog. (2015) http:\/\/transforming.abim.org\/the-cost-of-keeping-up\/ . Accessed 25 Sep 2015."},{"issue":"22","key":"119_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13992","volume":"312","author":"J Hayes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hayes, J., Jackson, J. L., McNutt, G. M., Hertz, B. J., Ryan, J. J., & Pawlikowski, S. A. (2014). Association between physician time-unlimited vs time-limited internal medicine board certification and ambulatory care quality. Journal of the American Medical Association, 312(22), 2358\u20132363.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"22","key":"119_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.12716","volume":"312","author":"BL Gray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gray, B. L., Vandergrift, J. L., Johnston, M. M., Reschovsky, J. D., Lynn, L. A., Holboe, E. S., McCullough, J. S., & Lipner, R. S. (2014). Association between imposition of maintenance of certification requirement and ambulatory care-sensitive hospitalizations and health care costs. Journal of the American Medical Association, 312(22), 2348\u20132357.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"119_CR25","first-page":"85","volume":"19","author":"PM Kempen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kempen, P. M. (2014). Maintenance of certification: ethics and conflicts of interest. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, 19(3), 85\u201389.","journal-title":"Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons"},{"key":"119_CR26","unstructured":"Voluntary Recertification Booklet of Information. American Board of Pathology archived web page. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130512235117\/ http:\/\/www.abpath.org\/VolRecertBofI.pdf (page 3). Accessed 27 Sep 2015."},{"key":"119_CR27","unstructured":"Eichenwald, K. (2015) To the barricades! The doctors revolt against ABIM is succeeding! Newsweek Sept 15."},{"key":"119_CR28","unstructured":"Certification: pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors. Title 14, Chapter I, subchapter D, Part 61. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. http:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/cgi-bin\/text-idx?SID=8f5186f828e502fc7ead52e992481452&mc=true&tpl=\/ecfrbrowse\/Title14\/14cfr61_main_02.tpl Accessed 29 Sep 2015."},{"key":"119_CR29","unstructured":"ABA CLE is the ABA Academy. American Bar Association web page. http:\/\/shop.americanbar.org\/eBus\/abaacademy.aspx Accessed 29 Sep 2015."},{"key":"119_CR30","unstructured":"Where does the money go? ABIM Revenue and Expenses web\u00a0page. http:\/\/www.abim.org\/about\/revenue-expenses.aspx Accessed 1 Oct 2015."},{"key":"119_CR31","unstructured":"Pennsylvania Department of State Corporate Search website: ABIM Foundation, Entity # 1531129. https:\/\/www.corporations.pa.gov\/Search\/CorpSearch . Accessed 18 Nov 2015."},{"key":"119_CR32","unstructured":"ABIM Foundation. (2015) National Center for Charitable Statistics Website. http:\/\/nccsweb.urban.org\/communityplatform\/nccs\/organization\/profile\/id\/232585181\/ Accessed 18 Nov."},{"key":"119_CR33","unstructured":"ABIM Foundation. (2015) Form 990 return of organization exempt from income tax 1998 http:\/\/www.medtees.com\/content\/ABIMF_FY1999.pdf . Accessed 1 Oct."},{"key":"119_CR34","unstructured":"Letter from C. Ashley Billard, IRS District Director, to The ABIM Foundation. March 26, 1999. http:\/\/www.medtees.com\/content\/ABIMFForm1023Rename.pdf . Accessed 25 Sep 2015."},{"key":"119_CR35","unstructured":"Archived \u201cAbout Us\u201d webpage. ABIMFoundation.org website. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141127195454\/http:\/\/abimfoundation.org\/About-Us.aspx Accessed 18 Nov 2015."},{"key":"119_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physician charter. Ann Intern Med. 2002; 136: 243-246.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00012"},{"key":"119_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physicians\u2019 charter. The Lancet, Volume 359, Issue 9305, 520-522.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07684-5"},{"key":"119_CR38","unstructured":"Fisher, W.G. The ABIM Foundation: increasing transparency or more cover-up. \u201cDr. Wes\u201d Weblog. 15 Aug 2015. http:\/\/drwes.blogspot.com\/2015\/08\/the-abim-foundation-increasing.html . Accessed 1 Oct 2015."},{"key":"119_CR39","unstructured":"Fisher, W.G. The ABIM Foundation, choosing wisely, and the $2.3 million condominium. \u201cDr. Wes\u201d Weblog. http:\/\/drwes.blogspot.com\/2014\/12\/the-abim-foundation-choosing-wisely-and.html . Accessed 29 Sep 2015."},{"key":"119_CR40","unstructured":"American Board of Internal Medicine. (2015) Form 990\u2014return of organization exempt from income Tax 2013. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150908053508\/ http:\/\/www.abim.org\/pdf\/revenue-expenses\/ABIM-990-form.pdf . Accessed 1 Oct."},{"key":"119_CR41","unstructured":"Public Law 111-148 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. March 23, 2010. 124 STAT. 265 and 124 STAT. 963. http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/PLAW-111publ148\/pdf\/PLAW-111publ148.pdf (pages 247 and 845). Accessed 1 Oct 2015."},{"key":"119_CR42","unstructured":"The Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) Maintenance of Certification Program Incentive Requirements for 2014. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Medicare\/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments\/PQRS\/Downloads\/MOC_2014_Qualification_Requirements.pdf . Accessed 2 Oct 2015."},{"key":"119_CR43","unstructured":"Fisher, W.G. ABIM fails to disclose lobbying efforts. \u201cDr. Wes\u201d Weblog. http:\/\/drwes.blogspot.com\/2015\/05\/abim-fails-to-disclose-lobbying-efforts.html . Accessed 25 Sep 2015."},{"key":"119_CR44","unstructured":"Eichenwald, K. (2015) Medical mystery: making sense of ABIM\u2019s financial report. Newsweek. May 21."},{"key":"119_CR45","unstructured":"Lobbying Report. Senate ID: 284950-1005825, House ID# 368930142. http:\/\/soprweb.senate.gov\/index.cfm?event=getFilingDetails&filingID=1aaf034f-cd34-44f7-bcc9-c282f59c02db&filingTypeID=63 Accessed 1 Oct 2015."},{"key":"119_CR46","unstructured":"ABIM News 2010: ABIM sanctions physicians for ethical violations. ABIM Website. http:\/\/www.abim.org\/news\/ABIM-sanctions-physicians-for-ethical-violations.aspx Accessed 3 Oct 2015."},{"key":"119_CR47","unstructured":"ABIM announces immediate changes to the MOC program. ABIM Website. http:\/\/www.abim.org\/news\/abim-announces-immediate-changes-to-moc-program.aspx Accessed 25 Sep 2015."},{"issue":"18","key":"119_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.3576","volume":"313","author":"PS Tierstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tierstein, P. S., & Topol, E. J. (2015). The role of maintenance of certification programs in governance and professionalism. Journal of the American Medical Association, 313(18), 1809\u20131810.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"119_CR49","unstructured":"MOCA Minute.\u2122 The American Board of Anesthesiology Website. http:\/\/www.theaba.org\/MOCA\/MOCA-Minute Accessed 25 Sep 2015."},{"key":"119_CR50","unstructured":"Rose, S., Shah, B.J., Oken, J., Decross, A.J, Davis, M.H, Jain, R., Kim, L.S., Pfeil, S.A., Marks, L.N. (2015) AGA strategic update: bridging the G-APP: continuous professional development for gastroenterologists: replacing MOC with a model for lifelong learning and accountability\u2014introducing the Gastroenterologist\u2014Accountable Professionalism in Practice (G-APP) Pathway. Gastroenterology 2015 Vol **: 1-18. Article in press. http:\/\/www.gastrojournal.org\/article\/S0016-5085(15)01177-4\/pdf . Accessed 29 Sep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-016-0119-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10840-016-0119-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-016-0119-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-016-0119-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T05:30:11Z","timestamp":1567661411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10840-016-0119-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-016-0119-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-875X","1572-8595"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1383-875X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-8595"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]]}}}