{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:33:43Z","timestamp":1768440823855,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008375","name":"University of Basel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interv Card Electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PR interval prolongation &gt;\u2009200\u00a0ms resulting in the diagnosis of first-degree atrioventricular block (AVB1) is caused by a delay in the AV nodal\/His conduction and\/or the right intra-atrial conduction (RIAC). The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of AVB1 due to RIAC delay (AVB1 with normal AH and HV) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFlu).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We included 1067 consecutive patients (33% female, age 63\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u00a0years) referred for catheter ablation of AF (AF-group) (453 patients), AF and AFlu (136 patients), AFlu (292 patients), and AVNRT\/AVRT (186 patients). AH-, HV-, PR-interval, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-wave duration were measured on the 12-lead ECG and the intracardiac electrograms in sinus rhythm. RIAC delay was defined as a prolonged PR interval &gt;\u2009200\u00a0ms with normal AH and HV intervals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of AVB1 is higher in patients with AFlu (41%) and AF (21%) and patients with both arrhythmias (30%) as compared with a reference group (8%) of patients with AVNRT\/AVRT. AVB1 was due to RIAC delay in 42 of 67 patients (63%) in the AF-group, in 37 of 96 patients (39%) in the AFlu-group, and in 17 of 36 patients (47%) in the AF\/AFlu group, respectively. AV nodal conduction delay was more common in AFlu patients compared with AF patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>RIAC delay is a common underlying cause of AVB1 in patients with AF and AFlu. These findings may impact the prescription of antiarrhythmic and AV-nodal blocking drugs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-020-00838-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T19:04:12Z","timestamp":1596135852000},"page":"421-425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["First-degree atrioventricular block in patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: the prevalence of intra-atrial conduction delay"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8974-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Spies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7122-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Knecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4550-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Zeljkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7197-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Reichlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8364-3279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Madaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Osswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8428-7050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Sticherling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2937-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"K\u00fchne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"838_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/5.suppl_A.107","volume":"5","author":"RS Bexton","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bexton RS, Camm AJ. First degree atrioventricular block. Eur Heart J. 1984;5(Suppl A):107\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"838_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02178.x","volume":"23","author":"AW Teh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teh AW, et al. Electroanatomic remodeling of the left atrium in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation patients without structural heart disease. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012;23:232\u20138.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"838_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.107.754564","volume":"1","author":"S Nattel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nattel S, Burstein B, Dobrev D. Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation: mechanisms and implications. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2008;1:62\u201373.","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"838_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00385-9","volume":"30","author":"MR Franz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Franz MR, Karasik PL, Li C, Moubarak J, Chavez M. Electrical remodeling of the human atrium: similar effects in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1785\u201392.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"838_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000040","volume":"130","author":"CT January","year":"2014","unstructured":"January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, et al. 2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2014;130:2071\u2013104.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"838_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470692622","volume-title":"Basic Electrocardiography: Normal and Abnormal ECG Patterns","author":"A Bay\u00e9s de Luna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bay\u00e9s de Luna A. Basic Electrocardiography: Normal and Abnormal ECG Patterns. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2007."},{"issue":"9665","key":"838_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60443-8","volume":"373","author":"RB Schnabel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schnabel RB, Sullivan LM, Levy D, Pencina MJ, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB Sr, et al. Development of a risk score for atrial fibrillation (Framingham Heart Study): a community-based cohort study. Lancet. 2009;373(9665):739\u201345.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"24","key":"838_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.888","volume":"301","author":"S Cheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheng S, Keyes MJ, Larson MG, et al. Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block. JAMA. 2009;301(24):2571\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"838_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02364.x","volume":"23","author":"C Medi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Medi C, et al. Right atrial remodeling is more advanced in patients with atrial flutter than with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012;23:1067\u201372.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"838_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-015-0497-2","volume":"110","author":"M Lenski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lenski M, Schleider G, Kohlhaas M, Adrian L, Adam O, Tian Q, et al. Arrhythmia causes lipid accumulation and reduced glucose uptake. Basic Res Cardiol. 2015;110(4):40.","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"838_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2005.00293.x","volume":"17","author":"P Kojodjojo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kojodjojo P, Kanagaratnam P, Markides V, Davies DW, Peters N. Age-related changes in human left and right atrial conduction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006;17(2):120\u20137.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"838_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.10.020","volume":"10","author":"IP Temple","year":"2013","unstructured":"Temple IP, Inada S, Dobrzynski H, Boyett MR. Connexins and the atrioventricular node. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10:297\u2013304.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-020-00838-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10840-020-00838-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-020-00838-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T04:19:06Z","timestamp":1627618746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10840-020-00838-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-020-00838-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-875X","1572-8595"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-875X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8595","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Florian Spies \u2013 No conflict of interestSven Knecht \u2013 No conflict of interestIvan Zeljkovic \u2013 No conflict of interestTobias Reichlin \u2013 No conflict of interestAntonio Madaffari - No conflict of interestStefan Osswald - No conflict of interestChristian Sticherling \u2013 Advisory Board of Medtronic and Biotronik, received educational grants from Biotronik and research grant from Biosense Webster.Michael K\u00fchne - received grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Heart Foundation, and lecture\/consulting fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Pfizer-BMS, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis, MSD, Medtronic, Boston Scientific, St. Jude Medical, Biotronik, Sorin, Zoll and Biosense Webster.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}