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Following antral PVI, individualized mapping (IM) was performed using a high-density mapping catheter stably and fully deployed for 30\u00a0s at each of 23\u2009\u00b1\u20099 sites per patient. Activation data were reviewed, and an ablation strategy designed to intersect areas of focal and rotational activity. Mean follow-up was 429\u2009\u00b1\u2009131\u00a0days. The study population was compared to a matched contemporary control cohort (CC) of 20 consecutive patients undergoing conventional ablation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite the IM group having a higher median comorbidities score, 3.5 vs. 2.5 in the CC group, indicating potentially more complex patients and more advanced substrate, cumulative freedom from AF after a single procedure was achieved in 94% of patients in the IM group vs. 75% in the CC group at 1\u00a0year and remained the same in both groups at the conclusion of the study (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). There was a similar trend in atrial arrhythmia-free survival between both groups (84% vs. 67% at 1\u00a0year) that did not reach statistical significance. The procedure duration was longer in the IM group by a median of 31.5\u00a0min (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Individualized mapping to guide AF ablation appears to achieve significantly greater AF-free survival compared to conventional PVI when applied as a primary ablation treatment. The results of this pilot study need to be confirmed in a larger, randomized trial.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-021-01115-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T19:02:38Z","timestamp":1641668558000},"page":"53-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Beyond pulmonary vein isolation for persistent atrial fibrillation: sequential high-resolution mapping to guide ablation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Malaczynska-Rajpold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Jarman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piers","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6484-4961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9385-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vias","family":"Markides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1115_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.966408","volume":"4","author":"C Pappone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pappone C, Vicedomini G, Augello G, Manguso F, Saviano M, Baldi M, et al. 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He has received an educational grant by Biosense Webster that helps support a clinical fellow.Other co-authors have had no involvements that might raise the question of bias in the work reported or in the conclusions, implications, or opinions stated.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and the study was approved by the institutional research committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}