{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:40:45Z","timestamp":1779205245035,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ramsay Research and Teaching Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interv Card Electrophysiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The autonomic nervous system may mediate acute apnoea\u2013induced atrial fibrillation (AF). We compared cardiac autonomic function in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients with and without obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Case control study of 101 patients with PAF recruited at two tertiary centres. All patients underwent in-laboratory polysomnography. ECG signal demonstrating \u201csteady state\u201d sinus rhythm (i.e. with arrhythmic beats and respiratory events excluded) was included in the analysis. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed via measures of heart rate variability (HRV) and reported by sleep stage (REM vs Non-REM) for patients with and without OSA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sixty-five (66.3%) of patients were male, mean age 61.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6\u00a0years, mean BMI 27.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Global measures of HRV (triangular index, total power) did not differ between PAF patients with and without OSA in either REM or non-REM sleep. Frequency-domain analysis during non-REM sleep in PAF patients with OSA showed increased cardiac parasympathetic modulation (HF-nu: 39.1\u2009\u00b1\u200915.7 vs 48.0\u2009\u00b1\u200914.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and reduced cardiac sympathetic modulation (LF-nu 54.1\u2009\u00b1\u200919.7 vs 43.7\u2009\u00b1\u200918.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012, LF\/HF ratio: 2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0 vs 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007). Results remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (adjusted <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> values 0.024, 0.045 and 0.018 respectively). There were no differences in HRV parameters during REM sleep.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first study of HRV in PAF patients with and without OSA. Our results indicate limited differences in HRV between groups. However, this work suggests a chronic increase in parasympathetic nervous modulation and relative reduction in sympathetic modulation in PAF patients with OSA during steady-state non-REM sleep.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-022-01202-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T08:02:39Z","timestamp":1649491359000},"page":"873-883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Does obstructive sleep apnoea modulate cardiac autonomic function in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3217-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Mary","family":"Mohammadieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasthi U.","family":"Dissanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seren","family":"Ucak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"De Chazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Cistulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"1202_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e016075","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016075","volume":"9","author":"P H\u00e4mmerle","year":"2020","unstructured":"H\u00e4mmerle P, Eick C, Blum S, Schlageter V, Bauer A, Rizas KD, et al. Heart rate variability triangular index as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(15):e016075.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"7","key":"1202_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab172","volume":"117","author":"P Hanna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hanna P, Buch E, Stavrakis S, Meyer C, Tompkins JD, Ardell JL, et al. Neuroscientific therapies for atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res. 2021;117(7):1732\u201345.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1202_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9098","volume":"17","author":"AM Mohammadieh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammadieh AM, Sutherland K, Kanagaratnam LB, Whalley DW, Gillett MJ, Cistulli PA. Clinical screening tools for obstructive sleep apnea in a population with atrial fibrillation: a diagnostic accuracy trial. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(5):1015.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"1202_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029400","volume":"136","author":"LF Drager","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drager LF, McEvoy RD, Barbe F, Lorenzi-Filho G, Redline S. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: lessons from recent trials and need for team science. Circulation. 2017;136(19):1840\u201350.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1202_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.11.091","volume":"287","author":"D Linz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Linz D, Elliott AD, Hohl M, Malik V, Schotten U, Dobrev D, et al. Role of autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2019;287:181\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1202_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0095","volume":"3","author":"D Linz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Linz D, McEvoy RD, Cowie MR, Somers VK, Nattel S, Levy P, et al. Associations of obstructive sleep apnea with atrial fibrillation and continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3(6):532\u201340.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1202_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","volume":"93","author":"Electrophysiology TFotESoCtNASoP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Electrophysiology TFotESoCtNASoP. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation. 1996;93(5):1043\u201365.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"5","key":"1202_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172","volume":"8","author":"RB Berry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berry RB, Budhiraja R, Gottlieb DJ, Gozal D, Iber C, Kapur VK, et al. Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Deliberations of the Sleep Apnea Definitions Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012;8(5):597\u2013619.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s003990070035","volume":"11","author":"N Wessel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wessel N, Voss A, Malberg H, Ziehmann C, Voss HU, Schirdewan A, et al. Nonlinear analysis of complex phenomena in cardiological data. Herzschrittmacher Elektrophysiol. 2000;11(3):159\u201373.","journal-title":"Herzschrittmacher Elektrophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-13-29","volume":"13","author":"F Jurysta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jurysta F, Kempenaers C, Lanquart J-P, Noseda A, Van De Borne P, Linkowski P. Long-term CPAP treatment partially improves the link between cardiac vagal influence and delta sleep. BMC Pulm Med. 2013;13(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1202_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2728","volume":"36","author":"J-A Palma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Palma J-A, Urrestarazu E, Lopez-Azcarate J, Alegre M, Fernandez S, Artieda J, et al. Increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic cardiac tone in patients with sleep related alveolar hypoventilation. Sleep. 2013;36(6):933\u201340.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1202_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-015-0297-7","volume":"25","author":"J-A Palma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palma J-A, Iriarte J, Fernandez S, Alegre M, Valencia M, Artieda J, et al. Long-term continuous positive airway pressure therapy improves cardiac autonomic tone during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Auton Res. 2015;25(4):225\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.06.011","volume":"19","author":"CM DeGiorgio","year":"2010","unstructured":"DeGiorgio CM, Miller P, Meymandi S, Chin A, Epps J, Gordon S, et al. RMSSD, a measure of vagus-mediated heart rate variability, is associated with risk factors for SUDEP: the SUDEP-7 Inventory. Epilepsy Behav. 2010;19(1):78\u201381.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"1202_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90795-8","volume":"59","author":"RE Kleiger","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger JT Jr, Moss AJ. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59(4):256\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9101","key":"1202_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11144-8","volume":"351","author":"MT La Rovere","year":"1998","unstructured":"La Rovere MT, Bigger JT Jr, Marcus FI, Mortara A, Schwartz PJ, Investigators A. Baroreflex sensitivity and heart-rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. The Lancet. 1998;351(9101):478\u201384.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.1.164","volume":"85","author":"JT Bigger Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bigger JT Jr, Fleiss JL, Steinman RC, Rolnitzky LM, Kleiger RE, Rottman JN. Frequency domain measures of heart period variability and mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1992;85(1):164\u201371.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"1202_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90774-F","volume":"68","author":"O Odemuyiwa","year":"1991","unstructured":"Odemuyiwa O, Malik M, Farrell T, Bashir Y, Poloniecki J, Camm J. Comparison of the predictive characteristics of heart rate variability index and left ventricular ejection fraction for all-cause mortality, arrhythmic events and sudden death after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1991;68(5):434\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90990-8","volume":"60","author":"GJ Martin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Martin GJ, Magid NM, Myers G, Barnett PS, Schaad JW, Weiss JS, et al. Heart rate variability and sudden death secondary to coronary artery disease during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60(1):86\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"1202_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2824","volume":"22","author":"SG Priori","year":"2001","unstructured":"Priori SG, Aliot E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Bossaert L, Breithardt G, Brugada P, et al. Task force on sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2001;22(16):1374\u2013450.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"1202_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1292","volume":"19","author":"PJ Schwartz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schwartz PJ, La Rovere MT. ATRAMI: a mark in the quest for the prognostic value of autonomic markers. Eur Heart J. 1998;19(11):1593\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1202_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059428","volume":"10","author":"M Malik","year":"1989","unstructured":"Malik M, Farrell T, Cripps T, Camm AJ. Heart rate variability in relation to prognosis after myocardial infarction: selection of optimal processing techniques. Eur Heart J. 1989;10(12):1060\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1202_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1986.325694","volume":"12","author":"GA Myers","year":"1986","unstructured":"Myers GA, Martin GJ, Magid NM, Barnett PS, Schaad JW, Weiss JS, et al. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in sudden cardiac death: comparison to other methods. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1986;12:1149\u201356.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"1202_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1148","volume":"19","author":"JAM Wijbenga","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wijbenga JAM, Balk A, Meij SH, Simoons ML, Malik M. Heart rate variability index in congestive heart failure: relation to clinical variables and prognosis. Eur Heart J. 1998;19(11):1719\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"1202_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1992.tb03050.x","volume":"15","author":"T Binder","year":"1992","unstructured":"Binder T, Frey B, Porenta G, Heinz G, Wutte M, Kreiner G, et al. Prognostic value of heart rate variability in patients awaiting cardiac transplantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1992;15(11):2215\u201320.","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"1202_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brouwer J, van Veldhuisen DJ, Man In't Veld AJ, Haaksma J, Dijk WA, Visser KR, et al. Prognostic value of heart rate variability during long-term follow-up in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28(5):1183\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00279-3"},{"issue":"12","key":"1202_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00215-4","volume":"79","author":"P Ponikowski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ponikowski P, Anker SD, Chua TP, Szelemej R, Piepoli M, Adamopoulos S, et al. Depressed heart rate variability as an independent predictor of death in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79(12):1645\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.77.2.108","volume":"77","author":"G Yi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yi G, Goldman JH, Keeling PJ, Reardon M, McKenna WJ, Malik M. Heart rate variability in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to disease severity and prognosis. Heart. 1997;77(2):108\u201314.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"15","key":"1202_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e016075","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016075","volume":"9","author":"P H\u00e4mmerle","year":"2020","unstructured":"H\u00e4mmerle P, Eick C, Blum S, Schlageter V, Bauer A, Rizas KD, et al. Heart rate variability triangular index as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(15):e016075.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90043-8","volume":"129","author":"B Frey","year":"1995","unstructured":"Frey B, Heinz G, Binder T, Wutte M, Schneider B, Schmidinger H, et al. Diurnal variation of ventricular response to atrial fibrillation in patients with advanced heart failure. Am Heart J. 1995;129(1):58\u201365.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"1202_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90584-3","volume":"74","author":"KM Stein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stein KM, Borer JS, Hochreiter C, Devereux RB, Kligfield P. Variability of the ventricular response in atrial fibrillation and prognosis in chronic nonischemic mitral reurgitation. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74(9):906\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.3.300","volume":"102","author":"A Yamada","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yamada A, Hayano J, Sakata S, Okada A, Mukai S, Ohte N, et al. Reduced ventricular response irregularity is associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2000;102(3):300\u20136.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"1202_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.06.043","volume":"116","author":"I Cygankiewicz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cygankiewicz I, Corino V, Vazquez R, Bayes-Genis A, Mainardi L, Zareba W, et al. Reduced irregularity of ventricular response during atrial fibrillation and long-term outcome in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2015;116(7):1071\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1202_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2011.07.024","volume":"44","author":"PG Platonov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Platonov PG, Holmqvist F. Atrial fibrillatory rate and irregularity of ventricular response as predictors of clinical outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Electrocardiol. 2011;44(6):673\u20137.","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"1202_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101470","volume":"57","author":"HU Dissanayake","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dissanayake HU, Bin YS, Ucak S, de Chazal P, Sutherland K, Cistulli PA. Association between autonomic function and obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2021;57:101470.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-0792(98)90001-6","volume":"2","author":"RP Smith","year":"1998","unstructured":"Smith RP, Veale D, P\u00e9pin JL, L\u00e9vy PA. Obstructive sleep apnoea and the autonomic nervous system. Sleep Med Rev. 1998;2(2):69\u201392.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"1202_CR36","unstructured":"Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Eur Heart J. 1996;17(3):354\u201381."},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13361","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13361","volume":"51","author":"AA Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan AA, Junejo RT, Thomas GN, Fisher JP, Lip GYH. Heart rate variability in patients with atrial fibrillation and hypertension. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51(1):e13361.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"9","key":"1202_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.03.053","volume":"8","author":"D Linz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Linz D, Schotten U, Neuberger HR, Bohm M, Wirth K. Negative tracheal pressure during obstructive respiratory events promotes atrial fibrillation by vagal activation. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(9):1436\u201343.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"22","key":"1202_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.014","volume":"54","author":"M Ghias","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghias M, Scherlag BJ, Lu Z, Niu G, Moers A, Jackman WM, et al. The role of ganglionated plexi in apnea-related atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(22):2075\u201383.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1202_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1160","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00173.2017","volume":"314","author":"SL Bober","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bober SL, Ciriello J, Jones DL. Atrial arrhythmias and autonomic dysfunction in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia. Am J Physiol-Heart Circ Physiol. 2018;314(6):H1160\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2006.035501","volume":"92","author":"DB Zoccal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zoccal DB, Bonagamba LGH, Oliveira FRT, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Machado BH. Increased sympathetic activity in rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia. Exp Physiol. 2007;92(1):79\u201385.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"1202_CR42","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Effects of intermittent hypoxia on blood gases plasma catecholamine and blood pressure","author":"MC Gonzalez-Martin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Martin MC, Vega-Agapito V, Prieto-Lloret J, Agapito MT, Castaneda J, Gonzalez C. Effects of intermittent hypoxia on blood gases plasma catecholamine and blood pressure. Arterial Chemoreceptors: Springer; 2009. p. 319\u201328."},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H805","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1997.273.2.H805","volume":"273","author":"L Liu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liu L, Nattel S. Differing sympathetic and vagal effects on atrial fibrillation in dogs: role of refractoriness heterogeneity. Am J Physiol-Heart Circ Physiol. 1997;273(2):H805\u201316.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1202_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1442OC","volume":"173","author":"R Mehra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mehra R, Benjamin EJ, Shahar E, Gottlieb DJ, Nawabit R, Kirchner HL, et al. Association of nocturnal arrhythmias with sleep-disordered breathing: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(8):910\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"1202_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.018011","volume":"133","author":"RM John","year":"2016","unstructured":"John RM, Kumar S. Sinus node and atrial arrhythmias. Circulation. 2016;133(19):1892\u2013900.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1202_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scherschel K, Hedenus K, Jungen C, Lemoine MD, R\u00fcbsamen N, Veldkamp MW, et al. Cardiac glial cells release neurotrophic S100B upon catheter-based treatment of atrial fibrillation. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(493).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav7770"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-022-01202-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10840-022-01202-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-022-01202-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T10:17:31Z","timestamp":1683800251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10840-022-01202-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-022-01202-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-8595"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-8595","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval for this trial was obtained from the Northern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC\/16\/HAWKE\/25) and the North Shore Private Hospital Ethics Committee (approval number 2016\u2013012). The study was performed in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): 12616001016426.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All the patients gave their informed written consent to participate in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"AMM reports in-kind support from Resmed Pty Ltd, Australia and Somnomed Australia.PAC has an appointment to an endowed academic Chair at the University of Sydney that was created from ResMed funding. He has received research support from ResMed, SomnoMed, Zephyr Sleep Technologies and Bayer. He is a consultant\/adviser to Zephyr Sleep Technologies, ResMed, SomnoMed and Signifier Medical Technologies. He has a pecuniary interest in SomnoMed related to a previous role in R&D (2004).KS reports in-kind support from SomnoMed for a previous investigator-initiated research study. PdeC holds an endowed academic chair at the University of Sydney, established through funding from ResMed and has received research support from ResMed, SpaceLabs and Somnomed. HUD has received funding from the ResMed Foundation.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}