{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:48:30Z","timestamp":1777679310286,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interv Card Electrophysiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-024-01819-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T16:02:27Z","timestamp":1716998547000},"page":"1821-1831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Functional substrate analysis in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Pietro","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9883-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Magnocavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo Maria","family":"Cauti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Polselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Niscola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico Giovanni","family":"Della Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambra","family":"del Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Iaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Quaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piccirillo","family":"Gianfranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1819_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist C, \u2026 Zakirov NU. 2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw260","volume":"38","author":"P Kirchhof","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kirchhof P, Calkins H. Catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(1):20\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw260.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1819_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brooks S, Metzner A, Wohlmuth P, Lin T, Wissner E, Tilz R, \u2026 Ouyang F. Insights into ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: lessons from 6\u2010year clinical outcomes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2018;29(2):257\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.13401.","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13401"},{"key":"1819_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nattel S. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation. JACC: Clin Electrophysiol. 2017;3(5):425\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.03.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.03.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"1819_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.10.027","volume":"12","author":"S Kirubakaran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kirubakaran S, Chowdhury RA, Hall MCS, Patel PM, Garratt CJ, Peters NS. Fractionation of electrograms is caused by colocalized conduction block and connexin disorganization in the absence of fibrosis as AF becomes persistent in the goat model. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(2):397\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.10.027.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"8","key":"1819_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.04.021","volume":"6","author":"H Yamabe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamabe H, Morihisa K, Tanaka Y, Uemura T, Enomoto K, Kawano H, Ogawa H. Mechanisms of the maintenance of atrial fibrillation: role of the complex fractionated atrial electrogram assessed by noncontact mapping. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6(8):1120\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.04.021.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"1819_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kalifa J, Tanaka K, Zaitsev AV, Warren M, Vaidyanathan R, Auerbach D, \u2026 Berenfeld O. Mechanisms of wave fractionation at boundaries of high-frequency excitation in the posterior left atrium of the isolated sheep heart during atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2006;113(5):626\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.575340.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.575340"},{"key":"1819_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frontera A, Pagani S, Limite LR, Peirone A, Fioravanti F, Enache B, \u2026 Della Bella P. Slow conduction corridors and pivot sites characterize the electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation. JACC: Clin Electrophysiol. 2022;8(5):561\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.019"},{"key":"1819_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jadidi AS, Lehrmann H, Keyl C, Sorrel J, Markstein V, Minners J, \u2026 Arentz T. Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation targeting low-voltage areas with selective activation characteristics. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2016;9(3):e002962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.002962.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.002962"},{"key":"1819_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kottkamp H, Schreiber D, Moser F, Rieger A. Therapeutic approaches to atrial fibrillation ablation targeting atrial fibrosis. JACC: Clin Electrophysiol. 2017;3(7):643\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.05.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.05.009"},{"key":"1819_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yagishita A, Gimbel JR, De Oliveira S, Manyam H, Sparano D, Cakulev I, \u2026 Arruda M. Long\u2010term outcome of left atrial voltage\u2010guided substrate ablation during atrial fibrillation: a novel adjunctive ablation strategy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2017;28(2):147\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.13122.","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13122"},{"key":"1819_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nademanee K, McKenzie J, Kosar E, Schwab M, Sunsaneewitayakul B, Vasavakul T, \u2026 Ngarmukos T. A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(11):2044\u20132053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.054.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.054"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14803","volume":"32","author":"DG La\u021bcu","year":"2021","unstructured":"La\u021bcu DG, Enache B, Hasni K, Wedn AM, Zarqane N, Pathak A, Saoudi N. Sequential ultrahigh-density contact mapping of persistent atrial fibrillation: an efficient technique for driver identification. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021;32(1):29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.14803.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"1819_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seitz J, Bars C, Th\u00e9odore G, Beurtheret S, Lellouche N, Bremondy M, \u2026 Kalifa J. AF ablation guided by spatiotemporal electrogram dispersion without pulmonary vein isolation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(3):303\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.065.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.065"},{"key":"1819_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sau A, Kapadia S, Al-Aidarous S, Howard J, Sohaib A, Sikkel MB, \u2026 Ng FS. Temporal trends and lesion sets for persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis and meta-regression. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2023;16(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCEP.123.011861.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.123.011861"},{"key":"1819_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-022-01246-5","author":"S Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu S, Li H, Yi S, Yao J, Chen X. Comparing the efficacy of catheter ablation strategies for persistent atrial fibrillation: a Bayesian analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-022-01246-5.","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"1819_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rossi P, Cauti, FM, Polselli M, Magnocavallo M, Niscola M, Fanti V, \u2026 Bianchi S. Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation based on atrial electrogram duration map: methodology and clinical outcomes from the AEDUM pilot study. J Interv Cardiac Electrophysiol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-023-01721-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-023-01721-7"},{"key":"1819_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1ero M, Valderr\u00e1bano M, Baluja A, Kreidieh O, Mart\u00ednez-Sande JL, Garc\u00eda-Seara J, \u2026 Sarkozy A (2018). Validating left atrial low voltage areas during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter using multielectrode automated electroanatomic mapping. JACC: Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4(12):1541\u20131552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.015"},{"key":"1819_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rossi P, Cauti FM, Niscola M, Magnocavallo M, Polselli M, Capone S, \u2026 Bianchi S. Ventricular electrograms duration map to detect ventricular arrhythmia substrate: the vedum project study. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2023;16(8):447\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCEP.122.011729.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.122.011729"},{"issue":"5","key":"1819_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.962928","volume":"4","author":"RJ Hunter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hunter RJ, Diab I, Tayebjee M, Richmond L, Sporton S, Earley MJ, Schilling RJ. Characterization of fractionated atrial electrograms critical for maintenance of atrial fibrillation: a randomized, controlled trial of ablation strategies (the CFAE AF trial). Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2011;4(5):622\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.962928.","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"1819_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rossi P, Cauti FM, Limite LR, Iaia L, Allegretti G, Di Renzi P, \u2026 Bianchi S. Interatrial conduction times in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients with normal atrial volume and their correlation with areas of local prolonged bipolar electrograms. J Electrocardiol. 2020;58:19\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2019.09.017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2019.09.017"},{"key":"1819_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rossi P, Cauti FM, Polselli M, Bianchi S. Map of prolonged electrogram duration to guide atrial substrate ablation for atrial fibrillation recurrence following durable pulmonary vein isolation. J Innov Cardiac Rhythm Manag. 2020;12(S1):35\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19102\/icrm.2021.120124S.","DOI":"10.19102\/icrm.2021.120124S"},{"key":"1819_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verma A, Jiang C, Betts TR, Chen J, Deisenhofer I, Mantovan R, \u2026 Sanders P. Approaches to catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(19):1812\u20131822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1408288.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408288"},{"key":"1819_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Campos FO, Wiener T, Prassl AJ, Weber dos Santos R, Sanchez-Quintana D, Ahammer H, \u2026 Hofer E. Electroanatomical characterization of atrial microfibrosis in a histologically detailed computer model. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2013;60(8):2339\u20132349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2013.2256359.","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2013.2256359"},{"key":"1819_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qureshi NA, Kim SJ, Cantwell CD, Afonso VX, Bai W, Ali RL, \u2026 Lim PB. Voltage during atrial fibrillation is superior to voltage during sinus rhythm in localizing areas of delayed enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging: an assessment of the posterior left atrium in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2019;16(9):1357\u20131367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.05.032.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.05.032"},{"key":"1819_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blandino A, Bianchi F, Grossi S, Biondi-Zoccai G, Conte MR, Gaido L, \u2026 Rametta F. Left atrial substrate modification targeting low-voltage areas for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis: low-voltage af ablation meta-analysis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2017;40(2):199\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.13015.","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13015"},{"issue":"3","key":"1819_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-019-00537-8","volume":"56","author":"I Sim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sim I, Bishop M, O\u2019Neill M, Williams SE. Left atrial voltage mapping: defining and targeting the atrial fibrillation substrate. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2019;56(3):213\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-019-00537-8.","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1819_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-022-01162-8","volume":"64","author":"P Rossi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rossi P, Cauti FM, Polselli M, Corradetti S, Bianchi S. Local inhomogeneous conduction and non-uniform anisotropism in a normal voltage atrial map. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2022;64(3):759\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-022-01162-8.","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1819_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"058101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.88.058101","volume":"88","author":"G Bub","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bub G, Shrier A, Glass L. Spiral wave generation in heterogeneous excitable media. Phys Rev Lett. 2002;88(5):058101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.88.058101.","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"21","key":"1819_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.21.2650","volume":"102","author":"MJ Schalij","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schalij MJ, Boersma L, Huijberts M, Allessie MA. Anisotropic reentry in a perfused 2-dimensional layer of rabbit ventricular myocardium. Circulation. 2000;102(21):2650\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.102.21.2650.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1819_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rostock T, Rotter M, Sanders P, Takahashi Y, Ja\u00efs P, Hocini M, \u2026 Ha\u00efssaguerre M. High-density activation mapping of fractionated electrograms in the atria of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3(1):27\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.09.019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.09.019"},{"issue":"7","key":"1819_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03071.x","volume":"34","author":"EP Gerstenfeld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gerstenfeld EP, Lavi N, Bazan V, Gojraty S, Kim SJ, Michele J. Mechanism of complex fractionated electrograms recorded during atrial fibrillation in a canine model. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011;34(7):844\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03071.x.","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"1819_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Knecht S, Pradella M, Reichlin T, M\u00fchl A, Bossard M, Stieltjes B, \u2026 Sticherling C. Left atrial anatomy, atrial fibrillation burden, and P-wave duration\u2014relationships and predictors for single-procedure success after pulmonary vein isolation. EP Europace. 2018;20(2):271\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euw376","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw376"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-024-01819-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10840-024-01819-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-024-01819-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T07:08:42Z","timestamp":1732864122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10840-024-01819-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-024-01819-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-8595"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-8595","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent from all the patients was obtained before each procedure.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"MN and ADG are currently Abbott employees. All the other authors have nothing to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}