{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T07:21:25Z","timestamp":1794640885126,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interv Card Electrophysiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-026-02370-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:04:14Z","timestamp":1781683454000},"page":"2719-2725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving bystander CPR and AED training among college students: strategies and barriers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Mi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aanya","family":"Kabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meghana","family":"Bomma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avani","family":"Lakkireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Gopinnathannair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina K.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhanunjaya","family":"Lakkireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2370_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001123","volume":"147","author":"CW Tsao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142023 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147(8):e93\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/cir.0000000000001123.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2370_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.11.077","volume":"55","author":"ML Weisfeldt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weisfeldt ML, Sitlani CM, Ornato JP, et al. Survival after application of automatic external defibrillators before arrival of the emergency medical system: evaluation in the resuscitation outcomes consortium population of 21 million. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:1713\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.11.077.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2370_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e275","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001412","volume":"153","author":"LP Palaniappan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Palaniappan LP, Allen NB, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2026 Heart disease and stroke statistics: A report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2026;153(9):e275\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/cir.0000000000001412.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2370_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1405796","volume":"372","author":"I Hasselqvist-Ax","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hasselqvist-Ax I, Riva G, Herlitz J, et al. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2307\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1405796.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2370_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109901","volume":"190","author":"J Toy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Toy J, Bosson N, Schlesinger S, Gausche-Hill M. Racial and ethnic disparities in the provision of bystander CPR after witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States. Resuscitation. 2023;190:109901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109901.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"17","key":"2370_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1110700","volume":"367","author":"C Sasson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sasson C, Magid DJ, Chan P, et al. Association of neighborhood characteristics with bystander-initiated CPR. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(17):1607\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1110700.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2370_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000024170","volume":"100","author":"S Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee S, Ahn KO, Cha M. Community-level socioeconomic status and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Medicine. 2021;100(3):e24170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000024170.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2370_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-022-01863-1","volume":"17","author":"YM Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang YM, Lin LT, Jiang JH, Jiang Y, Jin XQ. Public knowledge and attitudes toward automated external defibrillators use among first aid eLearning course participants: a survey. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2022;17:119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13019-022-01863-1.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2370_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang EPC, Chiang WC, Hsieh MJ et al. Public knowledge, attitudes and willingness regarding bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a nationwide survey in Taiwan. 2019;118(2):572\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.07.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.07.018"},{"key":"2370_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046694","volume":"11","author":"J Mao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mao J, Chen F, Xing D, Zhou H, Jia L, Zhang Y. Knowledge, training and willingness to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students in Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e046694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046694.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2370_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12293","volume":"34","author":"GG Salvatierra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salvatierra GG, Palazzo SJ, Emery A. High school CPR\/AED training in Washington State. Public Health Nurs. 2017;34:238\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phn.12293.","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs"},{"key":"2370_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.004128","author":"CM Hansen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hansen CM, Zinckernagel L, Ersb\u00f8ll AK, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in schools following 8 years of mandating legislation in Denmark: A nationwide survey. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.116.004128.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2370_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.1101","volume":"70","author":"LE Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown LE, Lynes C, Carroll T, Halperin H. CPR instruction in U.S. high schools: what is the state in the nation? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:2688\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.1101.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2370_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.09.057","volume":"22","author":"A Katapadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Katapadi A, Bawa D, Garg J, et al. Are high school cardiopulmonary resuscitation education mandates working? Insights from a high school survey on CPR knowledge, attitudes, and readiness. Heart Rhythm. 2025;22(7):e165\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.09.057.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"2","key":"2370_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.07.033","volume":"22","author":"A Katapadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Katapadi A, Lakkireddy A, Korlakunta S, et al. A novel scoring system and correlative analysis of the strength and effectiveness of nationwide high school cardiopulmonary resuscitation mandates: insights from a high school CPR study. Heart Rhythm. 2025;22(2):554\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.07.033.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2370_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.9256","volume":"3","author":"Y Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu Y, Meng Q, Munot S, Nguyen TN, Redfern J, Chow CK. Assessment of community interventions for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e209256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.9256.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2370_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.14423\/smj.0000000000000818","volume":"111","author":"LM Petruncio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petruncio LM, French DM, Jauch EC. Public CPR and AED knowledge: an opportunity for educational outreach in South Carolina. South Med J. 2018;111:349\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14423\/smj.0000000000000818.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2370_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2008.11.023","volume":"80","author":"S Hamasu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hamasu S, Morimoto T, Kuramoto N, et al. Effects of BLS training on factors associated with attitude toward CPR in college students. Resuscitation. 2009;80:359\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2008.11.023.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2370_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000032736","volume":"102","author":"PMA Artero","year":"2023","unstructured":"Artero PMA, Rios MP, Greif R, et al. Efficiency of virtual reality for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training of adult laypersons: a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102:e32736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000032736.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2370_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/28595","volume":"10","author":"S Ricci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ricci S, Calandrino A, Borgonovo G, Chirico M, Casadio M. Viewpoint: virtual and augmented reality in basic and advanced life support training. JMIR Serious Games. 2022;10:e28595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/28595.","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"2370_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245719","author":"A Scapigliati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scapigliati A, Zace D, Matsuyama T, et al. Community initiatives to promote basic life support implementation-A scoping review. J Clin Med. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10245719.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2370_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2022.2066976","volume":"72","author":"NMG Friedman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Friedman NMG, Koenig GJ, Marks JA, Hilton MT, Glick JE. Characteristics and outcomes of cardiac arrests reported in the National Collegiate Emergency Medical Services Foundation data registry. J Am Coll Health. 2024;72:690\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2022.2066976.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"key":"2370_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.09.392","volume":"98","author":"SC Brooks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brooks SC, Simmons G, Worthington H, Bobrow BJ, Morrison LJ. The PulsePoint Respond mobile device application to crowdsource basic life support for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: challenges for optimal implementation. Resuscitation. 2016;98:20\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.09.392.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2370_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2105","volume":"128","author":"RM Sutton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sutton RM, Niles D, Meaney PA, et al. Low-dose, high-frequency CPR training improves skill retention of in-hospital pediatric providers. Pediatrics. 2011;128(1):e145\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-2105.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2370_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/52230","volume":"10","author":"CY Chien","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chien CY, Tsai SL, Huang CH, et al. Effectiveness of blended versus traditional refresher training for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: prospective observational study. JMIR Med Educ. 2024;10:e52230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/52230.","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"issue":"9","key":"2370_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2951-7","volume":"39","author":"K Couper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Couper K, Salman B, Soar J, Finn J, Perkins GD. Debriefing to improve outcomes from critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(9):1513\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-2951-7.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2370_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291717000344","volume":"47","author":"PC Gronholm","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gronholm PC, Thornicroft G, Laurens KR, Evans-Lacko S. Mental health-related stigma and pathways to care for people at risk of psychotic disorders or experiencing first-episode psychosis: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2017;47(11):1867\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291717000344.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2370_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.09.008","volume":"96","author":"M Ringh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ringh M, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, et al. Mobile-phone dispatch of laypersons for CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2015;96:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.09.008.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-026-02370-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10840-026-02370-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10840-026-02370-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T06:50:53Z","timestamp":1794639053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10840-026-02370-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-026-02370-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-8595"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-8595","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}