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These magnets are based on the metastable ferromagnetic $$\\tau$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u03c4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-phase with L1$$_0$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n 0<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> structure, which requires well controlled synthesis to prevent the formation of secondary phases, detrimental for magnetic properties. Here, we investigate the formation of $$\\tau$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u03c4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-phase in Mn\u2013Al\u2013C using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and compare with conventional annealing. The effect of SPS parameters (pressure and electric current) on the phase formation is also studied. Single $$\\tau$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u03c4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-phase is obtained for annealing 5\u00a0min at $$500~^\\circ \\hbox {C}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n 500<\/mml:mn>\n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n C<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>\u00a0 with SPS. In addition, we show that the initial grain size of the $$\\epsilon$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u03f5<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-phase is influencing the $$\\tau$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u03c4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-phase transformation and fraction at a given annealing condition, independently of the annealing method used. A faster transformation was observed for smaller initial $$\\epsilon$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \u03f5<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-grains. The samples obtained by SPS showed comparable magnetic properties with the conventional annealed ones, reaching coercivity of 0.18\u00a0T and saturation magnetization of 114\u00a0Am$$^2$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>\/kg in the optimized samples. The similarity in coercivity is related to the microstructure, as we reveal the presence of structure defects like twin boundaries and dislocations in both materials.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-022-07002-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T22:02:37Z","timestamp":1646517757000},"page":"6056-6065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Formation of pure $$\\tau$$-phase in Mn\u2013Al\u2013C by fast annealing using spark plasma sintering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Maccari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0816-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Aubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Radulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Skokov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Gutfleisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"7002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1984610","volume":"31","author":"AJJ Koch","year":"1960","unstructured":"Koch AJJ, Hokkeling P, vd Steeg MG, de Vos KJ (1960) New material for permanent magnets on a base of Mn and Al. 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