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The investigation used autologous dentin in conjunction with a CSC material to form a composite implant designed for immediate tooth replacement.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two (2) beagles had a periodontal and radiographic examination performed to rule out any pre-treatment inflammation, significant periodontal disease, or mobility. Then, ination eleven (11) teeth were extracted and polyvinyl siloxane molds were made to fabricate three different types of implants: Particulate Implant (Test Group 1, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094), Shell Implant Alone (Test Group 2, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), Shell Implant with Emdogain\u00ae (Test Group 3, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093). Teeth in the control group were extracted, scaled (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), and then re-implanted into their respective fresh extraction sockets. At 4 weeks, a clinical, radiographic, and histologic assessment was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Clinical evaluation revealed no mobility in any of the test or control implants and no radiographic evidence of significant bone loss or active disease. Based on the MicroCT analysis, direct bone to implant contact was observed in some areas with an apparent periodontal ligament space. Implant-related inflammation, on average, was similar among all groups, with low numbers of infiltrates. Implant-related inflammatory reaction was generally minimal and not interpreted to be adverse.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The proposed novel composite materials revealed that not only do these materials demonstrate high biocompatibility, but also their successful integration in the alveolus is likely secondary to a partial ligamentous attachment. The current investigation may lead to the use of calcium silicate-based materials as custom dental implants. Further research on this novel composite\u2019s biomechanical properties is necessary to develop the optimal material composition for use as a load-bearing dental implant.<\/jats:p>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-021-06512-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T10:02:47Z","timestamp":1621677767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tissue reaction to novel customized calcium silicate cement based dental implants. 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The authors hereby announced that they have active cooperation in this scientific study and prepare the presented manuscript. The authors confirm that they have no financial involvement with any commercial company or organization with direct financial interest regarding the materials used in this study. The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study. MAS and AF have US patent applications on dental cement and its application in implant dentistry. MAS is a recipient of DenburTech and Techadvance Awards. Special thanks to Techadvance award for financial support. The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"61"}}