{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:31:00Z","timestamp":1777397460794,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences","award":["95-04-38-33568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95-04-38-33568"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mater Sci: Mater Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral nerve repair is still one of the major clinical challenges which has received a great deal of attention. Nerve tissue engineering is a novel treatment approach that provides a permissive environment for neural cells to overcome the constraints of repair. Conductivity and interconnected porosity are two required characteristics for a scaffold to be effective in nerve regeneration. In this study, we aimed to fabricate a conductive scaffold with controlled porosity using polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (Chit), FDA approved materials for the use in implantable medical devices. A novel method of using tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) and formaldehyde was applied for in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the scaffolds. In order to achieve desirable porosity, different percentage of polyethylene oxide (PEO) was used as sacrificial fiber. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) results demonstrated the complete removing of PEO from the scaffolds after washing and construction of interconnected porosities, respectively. Elemental and electrical analysis revealed the successful synthesis of AuNPs with uniform distribution and small average diameter on the PCL\/Chit scaffold. Contact angle measurements showed the effect of porosity on hydrophilic properties of the scaffolds, where the porosity of 75\u201380% remarkably improved surface hydrophilicity. Finally, the effect of conductive nanofibrous scaffold on Schwann cells morphology and vaibility was investigated using FE-SEM and MTT assay, respectively. The results showed that these conductive scaffolds had no cytotoxic effect and support the spindle-shaped morphology of cells with elongated process which are typical of Schwann cell cultures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-021-06519-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T11:06:11Z","timestamp":1618311971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Fabrication and evaluation of porous and conductive nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yasaman","family":"Pooshidani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Zoghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Haghbin Nazarpak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2728-7446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Hassannejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"6519_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33968","volume":"106","author":"M Rajabi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rajabi M, Firouzi M, Hassannejad Z, Haririan I, Zahedi P. Fabrication and characterization of electrospun laminin\u2010functionalized silk fibroin\/poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibrous scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater. 2018;106:1595\u201304.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"6519_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1002\/term.383","volume":"5","author":"L Ghasemi\u2010Mobarakeh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghasemi\u2010Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Morshed M, et al. Application of conductive polymers, scaffolds and electrical stimulation for nerve tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2011;5:e17\u201335.","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"6519_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/09506608.2016.1252551","volume":"62","author":"M Farokhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Shokrgozar MA, Kaplan DL, Kim H-W, Kundu SC. Prospects of peripheral nerve tissue engineering using nerve guide conduits based on silk fibroin protein and other biopolymers. Int Mater Rev. 2017;62:367\u201391.","journal-title":"Int Mater Rev"},{"key":"6519_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2012.0437","volume":"19","author":"QL Loh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Loh QL, Choong C. Three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: role of porosity and pore size. Tissue Eng Part B: Rev. 2013;19:485\u201302.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B: Rev"},{"key":"6519_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-013-7145-8","volume":"48","author":"Y-F Goh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goh Y-F, Shakir I, Hussain R. Electrospun fibers for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound dressing. J Mater Sci. 2013;48:3027\u201354.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci"},{"key":"6519_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1021\/nn406363j","volume":"8","author":"J Xie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xie J, Liu W, MacEwan MR, Bridgman PC, Xia Y. Neurite outgrowth on electrospun nanofibers with uniaxial alignment: the effects of fiber density, surface coating, and supporting substrate. ACS Nano. 2014;8:1878\u201385.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"6519_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.08.007","volume":"29","author":"L Ghasemi-Mobarakeh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Morshed M, Nasr-Esfahani M-H, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun poly (\u025b-caprolactone)\/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2008;29:4532\u20139.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"6519_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2018.03.021","volume":"142","author":"MP Sekar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sekar MP, Roopmani P, Krishnan UM. Development of a novel porous polyvinyl formal (PVF) microfibrous scaffold for nerve tissue engineering. Polymer. 2018;142:170\u201382.","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"6519_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15717","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015717","volume":"5","author":"JL Ifkovits","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ifkovits JL, Wu K, Mauck RL, Burdick JA. The influence of fibrous elastomer structure and porosity on matrix organization. PloS One. 2010;5:e15717.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"6519_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14176","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206962109","volume":"109","author":"BM Baker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baker BM, Shah RP, Silverstein AM, Esterhai JL, Burdick JA, Mauck RL. Sacrificial nanofibrous composites provide instruction without impediment and enable functional tissue formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012;109:14176\u201381.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"6519_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0689","volume":"15","author":"Ghasemi-Mobarakeh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghasemi-Mobarakeh, Prabhakaran MP, Morshed M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ramakrishna S. Electrical stimulation of nerve cells using conductive nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009;15:3605\u201319.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"6519_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21508","volume":"66","author":"H Jia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jia H, Wang Y, Tong XJ, et al. Sciatic nerve repair by acellular nerve xenografts implanted with BMSCs in rats xenograft combined with BMSCs. Synapse. 2012;66:256\u201369.","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"6519_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.12.014","volume":"74","author":"H Baniasadi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baniasadi H, Ahmad Ramezani SA, Mashayekhan S. Fabrication and characterization of conductive chitosan\/gelatin-based scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;74:360\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"6519_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-018-6144-3","volume":"29","author":"N Saderi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saderi N, Rajabi M, Akbari B, Firouzi M, Hassannejad Z. Fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticle-doped electrospun PCL\/chitosan nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2018;29:134\u201344.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"6519_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"046011","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/10\/4\/046011","volume":"10","author":"HT Nguyen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nguyen HT, Wei C, Chow JK, Nguy L, Nguyen HK, Schmidt CE. Electric field stimulation through a substrate influences Schwann cell and extracellular matrix structure. J Neural Eng. 2013;10:046011.","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"6519_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-019-0176-8","volume":"23","author":"C Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen C, Bai X, Ding Y, Lee IS. Electrical stimulation as a novel tool for regulating cell behavior in tissue engineering. Biomater Res. 2019;23:25.","journal-title":"Biomater Res"},{"key":"6519_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2007.0393","volume":"14","author":"MP Prabhakaran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prabhakaran MP, Venugopal JR, Chyan TT, et al. Electrospun biocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds for neural tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A. 2008;14:1787\u201397.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"6519_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.01.032","volume":"29","author":"BM Baker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baker BM, Gee AO, Metter RB, et al. The potential to improve cell infiltration in composite fiber-aligned electrospun scaffolds by the selective removal of sacrificial fibers. Biomaterials. 2008;29:2348\u201358.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"6519_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-018-4699-6","volume":"89","author":"M Deon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deon M, Morawski F, Passaia C, et al. Chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles supported on silica\/titania magnetic xerogel applied as antibacterial system. J Sol Gel Sci Technol. 2019;89:333\u201342.","journal-title":"J Sol Gel Sci Technol"},{"key":"6519_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201000261","volume":"11","author":"J Almod\u00f3var","year":"2011","unstructured":"Almod\u00f3var J, Kipper MJ. Coating electrospun chitosan nanofibers with polyelectrolyte multilayers using the polysaccharides heparin and N, N, N\u2010trimethyl chitosan. Macromol Biosci. 2011;11:72\u201376.","journal-title":"Macromol Biosci"},{"key":"6519_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.12.003","volume":"32","author":"BM Whited","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whited BM, Whitney JR, Hofmann MC, Xu Y, Rylander MN. Pre-osteoblast infiltration and differentiation in highly porous apatite-coated PLLA electrospun scaffolds. Biomaterials. 2011;32:2294\u201304.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"6519_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2012.10.019","volume":"35","author":"Z Hassannejad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassannejad Z, Khosroshahi ME. Synthesis and evaluation of time dependent optical properties of plasmonic\u2013magnetic nanoparticles. Optic Mater. 2013;35:644\u201351.","journal-title":"Optic Mater"},{"key":"6519_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2007.02.032","volume":"167","author":"X Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li X, Cheruvally G, Kim J-K, et al. Polymer electrolytes based on an electrospun poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) membrane for lithium batteries. J Power Sources. 2007;167:491\u20138.","journal-title":"J Power Sources"},{"key":"6519_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-016-0729-3","volume":"52","author":"J-H Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee J-H, Kim Y-J. Effect of bimodal pore structure on the bioactivity of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)\/poly (\u03b3-glutamic acid)\/Pluronic 17R4 nerve conduits. J Mater Sci. 2017;52:4923\u201333.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci"},{"key":"6519_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32208","volume":"91","author":"MF Leong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leong MF, Rasheed MZ, Lim TC, Chian KS. In vitro cell infiltration and in vivo cell infiltration and vascularization in a fibrous, highly porous poly (d, l\u2010lactide) scaffold fabricated by cryogenic electrospinning technique. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009;91:231\u201340.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"6519_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35614","volume":"104","author":"PT Hwang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hwang PT, Murdock K, Alexander GC, et al. Poly (\u025b\u2010caprolactone)\/gelatin composite electrospun scaffolds with porous crater\u2010like structures for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2016;104:1017\u201329.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"6519_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.0306","volume":"13","author":"J Nam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nam J, Huang Y, Agarwal S, Lannutti J. Improved cellular infiltration in electrospun fiber via engineered porosity. Tissue Eng. 2007;13:2249\u201357.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng"},{"key":"6519_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1089\/107632701753337663","volume":"7","author":"C Miller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miller C, Jeftinija S, Mallapragada S. Micropatterned Schwann cell\u2013seeded biodegradable polymer substrates significantly enhance neurite alignment and outgrowth. Tissue Eng. 2001;7:705\u201315.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng"},{"key":"6519_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.10.025","volume":"29","author":"SY Chew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chew SY, Mi R, Hoke A, Leong KW. The effect of the alignment of electrospun fibrous scaffolds on Schwann cell maturation. Biomaterials. 2008;29:65\u201361.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"6519_CR30","first-page":"421","volume":"2017","author":"P Shih-Wen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shih-Wen P, Ching-Wen L, Ing-Ming C, Gou-Jen W. Nerve guidance conduit with a hybrid structure of a PLGA microfibrous bundle wrapped in a micro\/nanostructured membrane. Int J Nanomed. 2016;2017:421\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"6519_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.04.008","volume":"37","author":"K Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang K, Zheng H, Liang S, Gao C. Aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds coated with graphene oxide for promoting neural cell growth. Acta Biomaterialia. 2016;37:131\u201342.","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"6519_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0001-8","volume":"6","author":"JI Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim JI, Hwang TI, Aguilar LE, Park CH, Kim CS. A controlled design of aligned and random nanofibers for 3D bi-functionalized nerve conduits fabricated via a novel electrospinning set-up. Sci Rep. 2016;6:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6519_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-013-4905-6","volume":"24","author":"F Zamani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zamani F, Amani-Tehran M, Latifi M, Shokrgozar MA. The influence of surface nanoroughness of electrospun PLGA nanofibrous scaffold on nerve cell adhesion and proliferation. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2013;24:1551\u201360.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"6519_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4881","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-005-3885-4","volume":"40","author":"RB Diego","year":"2005","unstructured":"Diego RB, Olmedilla MP, Aroca \u00c1S, et al. Acrylic scaffolds with interconnected spherical pores and controlled hydrophilicity for tissue engineering. J Mater Sci. 2005;40:4881\u201387.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci"},{"key":"6519_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9797(02)00163-7","volume":"259","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Khang G, Lee YM, Lee HB. The effect of surface wettability on induction and growth of neurites from the PC-12 cell on a polymer surface. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003;259:228\u201335.","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"6519_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31297","volume":"83","author":"J Soria","year":"2007","unstructured":"Soria J, Mart\u00ednez Ramos C, Bahamonde O, et al. Influence of the substrate\u2019s hydrophilicity on the in vitro Schwann cells viability. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2007;83:463\u201370.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"6519_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1039\/tf9444000546","volume":"40","author":"A Cassie","year":"1944","unstructured":"Cassie A, Baxter S. Wettability of porous surfaces. Trans Faraday Soc. 1944;40:546\u201351.","journal-title":"Trans Faraday Soc"},{"key":"6519_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/357372","volume":"2015","author":"R Mad Jin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mad Jin R, Sultana N, Baba S, Hamdan S, Ismail AF. Porous PCL\/chitosan and nHA\/PCL\/chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: fabrication and evaluation. J Nanomater. 2015;2015:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nanomater"},{"key":"6519_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00217-3","volume":"29","author":"G-l Ming","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ming G-l, Henley J, Tessier-Lavigne M, Song H-J, Poo M-M. Electrical activity modulates growth cone guidance by diffusible factors. Neuron. 2001;29:441\u201352.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"6519_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2007.04.044","volume":"48","author":"W-E Teo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Teo W-E, Gopal R, Ramaseshan R, Fujihara K, Ramakrishna S. A dynamic liquid support system for continuous electrospun yarn fabrication. Polymer. 2007;48:3400\u201305.","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"6519_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cossms.2016.03.006","volume":"21","author":"S Vial","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vial S, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Recent advances using gold nanoparticles as a promising multimodal tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci. 2017;21:92\u2013112.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci"},{"key":"6519_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(89)90028-7","volume":"3","author":"SW Jones","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jones SW. On the resting potential of isolated frog sympathetic neurons. Neuron. 1989;3:153\u201361.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"6519_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200400044","volume":"4","author":"Y Wan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wan Y, Wu H, Wen D. Porous\u2010conductive chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering, 1. Macromol Biosci. 2004;4:882\u201390.","journal-title":"Macromol Biosci"},{"key":"6519_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.200800764","volume":"30","author":"J Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu J, Hu J, Quan B, Wei Z. Decorating polypyrrole nanotubes with Au nanoparticles by an in situ reduction process. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2009;30:936\u201340.","journal-title":"Macromol Rapid Commun"},{"key":"6519_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36365","volume":"106","author":"US Demir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Demir US, Shahbazi R, Calamak S, Ozturk S, Gultekinoglu M, Ulubayram K. Gold nano\u2010decorated aligned polyurethane nanofibers for enhancement of neurite outgrowth and elongation. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2018;106:1604\u201313.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"6519_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1021\/am405839b","volume":"6","author":"M Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng M, Wang H, Zhang Z, Li N, Fang X, Xu S. Gold nanorod-embedded electrospun fibrous membrane as a photothermal therapy platform. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014;6:1569\u201375.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"6519_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5403","DOI":"10.1021\/nl302810c","volume":"12","author":"T Cohen-Karni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cohen-Karni T, Jeong KJ, Tsui JH, et al. Nanocomposite gold-silk nanofibers. Nano Lett. 2012;12:5403\u201306.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"6519_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.22146\/ijc.21585","volume":"8","author":"A Adlim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Adlim A, Bakar MA. Preparation of chitosan-gold nanoparticles: Part 2. The role of chitosan. Indones. J. Chem. 2008;8:320\u201326.","journal-title":"Indones. J. Chem"},{"key":"6519_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01012471","volume":"20","author":"M Montenegro","year":"1990","unstructured":"Montenegro M, Pletcher D, Liolios E, Mazur D, Zawodzinski C. A microelectrode study of the reduction of formaldehyde in neutral concentrated aqueous solutions. J. Appl. Electrochem. 1990;20:54\u201359.","journal-title":"J. Appl. Electrochem"},{"key":"6519_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1021\/la00033a010","volume":"9","author":"DG Duff","year":"1993","unstructured":"Duff DG, Baiker A, Edwards PP. A new hydrosol of gold clusters. 1. Formation and particle size variation. Langmuir. 1993;9:2301\u201309.","journal-title":"Langmuir"}],"container-title":["Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10856-021-06519-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10856-021-06519-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10856-021-06519-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T01:14:49Z","timestamp":1666746889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10856-021-06519-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10856-021-06519-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4530","1573-4838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4530","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4838","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"46"}}