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Despite molecular diagnostic advances, two-thirds of the 10 million annual TB cases are still diagnosed using direct smear microscopy which has ~50% sensitivity. To increase the analytical performance of smear microscopy, we developed and characterized a novel polymer (Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride [PDADMAC]) engraftment on inexpensive polystyrene (PS) specifically functionalized for mycobacterial capture. Engraftment is achieved via UV photopolymerization of DADMAC monomer on plasma-activated PS. The platform was tested on sputum from presumptive TB cases in Kampala, Uganda (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950), with an increased overall sensitivity of 81.8% (27\/33) vs. fluorescent smear microscopy 57% (19\/33) compared to a molecular (Cepheid GeneXpert MTB\/RIF) gold standard. Frugal smear diagnostic innovation that is rapid and does not require dedicated instrumentation may offer an important solution to bridge the TB diagnostic gap.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-024-06829-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T11:02:23Z","timestamp":1727694143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Selective mycobacterial capture with ultraviolet-polymerized poly-dimethyldiallyl chloride functionalized surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Xuesong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8345-6311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonolo S. 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