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Discs were prepared by uniaxial pressing of milled ZNF\/TCP powders and sintered at 1200 \u00b0C. Cytocompatibility of all composites was confirmed by SEM observations of human osteoblasts (h-OBs) and MTT assays. At 4-wt% ZNF addition, the composites containing Zn\n                    <jats:sub>0.8<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ni\n                    <jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    (Z8NF) exhibited the greatest extent of early cell spreading and were selected for further investigation. For Z8NF\/TCP composites containing 4\u201312\u2009wt% Z8NF, the 8\u201312\u2009wt% samples demonstrated the highest levels of cell colonization, while MTT assays suggested non-cytotoxic behavior, with cell viabilities comparable to\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -TCP. High-temperature sintering induced partial transformation of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -TCP to\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -calcium pyrophosphate (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -CPP), as evidenced by XRD and Rietveld refinement. Increasing Z8NF content promoted\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -CPP formation and increased composite porosity, whereas densification and Vickers hardness decreased accordingly. Rietveld refinement further indicated that the detectable crystalline Z8NF phase persisted as a minor yet stable secondary phase (\u2009&lt;\u20092\u2009wt%) and did not participate in Ca\u2013P lattice substitution. For the 8\u201312\u2009wt% composites, saturation magnetization decreased with increasing Z8NF because of higher porosity and dilution by the non-magnetic\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -TCP\/\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -CPP matrix, while coercivity increased owing to enhanced effective magnetic anisotropy in the more porous microstructure. Overall, the Z8NF\/TCP composites combined biodegradability, bioactivity, and tunable soft-magnetic properties, suggesting their potential for bone repair and bone tissue engineering applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-026-07004-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T18:20:51Z","timestamp":1769710851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable Zn-Ni spinel ferrite\/ \u03b2-TCP composite ceramics exhibiting enhanced cell colonization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Piyapong","family":"Pankaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poomirat","family":"Nawarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7837-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroenporn","family":"Chokboribal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"7004_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-018-0149-3","volume":"23","author":"J Jeong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeong J, Kim JH, Shim JH, Hwang NS, Heo CY. 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