{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:26:01Z","timestamp":1794219961055,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MD016328-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MD016328-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Behav Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pandemic uncertainty led Latino day laborers (jornaleros) to rely on their close networks for direction. Social-norms research distinguishes descriptive norms (what trusted others do), injunctive norms (what they say one should do), and normative beliefs (how much they care about compliance); yet the relative weight of family, friends, coworkers, and neighbors in shaping vaccine choices remains unknown. To compare the influence of descriptive and injunctive norms from each referent group on COVID-19 vaccination among Latino day laborers in Houston, Texas. Two cross-sectional surveys (Phase 1 N = 199; Phase 2 N = 359) were conducted at 14 hiring corners in 2021\u20132023. Three distinct multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the associations between vaccination compliance status and (1) individual norm items, (2) overall norm scores across referents, and (3) referent-specific norm scores, adjusting for demographic characteristics. In Phase 1, family descriptive norms were significantly associated with vaccination compliance (aOR = 1.976, 95% CI [1.297\u20133.011],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.002). Additionally, the cumulative descriptive norm score across referents was significantly associated with vaccine compliance (aOR = 2.443, 95% CI [1.213, 4.918],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.012). In Phase 2, the cumulative normative beliefs score across referents was significantly associated with vaccination compliance (aOR = 1.347, 95% CI [1.004, 1.807],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.047). A subsequent referent-specific analysis confirmed this effect was driven exclusively by family norms (aOR = 1.677, 95% CI [1.141, 2.466],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.009). In the absence of clear institutional guidance, family remained the decisive normative referent for jornaleros, surpassing physically co-present referents such as coworkers and fellow day laborers, even when family members were likely geographically distant or located outside the United States. Interventions must leverage these kin-based norms, and sustained funding is critical to expand culturally grounded research and strengthen the Latino public-health workforce. Identify how distinct social referent groups influence vaccination behavior among Latino day laborers and assess how family-centered norms can inform and potentially transform future public health interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-026-00709-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:14:26Z","timestamp":1789586066000},"page":"1129-1142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond social cues: the normative influence of social referents on COVID-19 vaccine compliance among Latino day laborers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6770-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Del Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6653-7586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahed","family":"Maroufy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2122-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Esquer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"709_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281497","volume":"18","author":"N Abad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abad, N., Messinger, S. D., Huang, Q., Hendrich, M. A., Johanson, N., Fisun, H., Lewis, Z., Wilhelm, E., Baack, B., Bonner, K. E., Kobau, R., & Brewer, N. T. (2023). A qualitative study of behavioral and social drivers of COVID-19 vaccine confidence and uptake among unvaccinated Americans in the US April-May 2021. PLoS ONE,18(2), Article e0281497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0281497","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"709_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","volume":"50","author":"I Ajzen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,50(2), 179\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"5","key":"709_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0884-z","volume":"4","author":"JJV Bavel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bavel, J. J. V., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N., Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E. J., Fowler, J. H., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., \u2026 Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour,4(5), 460\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-020-0884-z","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17","volume":"3","author":"Z Bursac","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bursac, Z., Gauss, C. H., Williams, D. K., & Hosmer, D. W. (2008). Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source Code for Biology and Medicine,3(1), 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17","journal-title":"Source Code for Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"709_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000336","volume":"147","author":"KM Cahill","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cahill, K. M., Updegraff, K. A., Causadias, J. M., & Korous, K. M. (2021). Familism values and adjustment among Hispanic\/Latino individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin,147(9), 947\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000336","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"709_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12050511","volume":"12","author":"YM Castellon-Lopez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Castellon-Lopez, Y. M., Klomhaus, A. M., Garcia, C., Marquez, D., Avila, H., Gravette, H., Lopez-Chang, R., Ortega, B., Norris, K. C., Brown, A. F., & Blanco, L. (2024). MivacunaLA (MyshotLA): A community-partnered mobile phone intervention to improve COVID-19 vaccination behaviors among low-income, Spanish-speaking, and immigrant Latino parents or caregivers. Vaccines,12(5), Article 511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines12050511","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"709_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4810665\/v1","author":"J Catindig","year":"2024","unstructured":"Catindig, J., Atkinson, J., Llamas, A., & Fernandez-Es, M. E. (2024). Self-rated health of Latino day laborers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4810665\/v1","journal-title":"Review"},{"key":"709_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cialdini, R. B., Kallgren, C. A., & Reno, R. R. (1991). A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. Vol. 24, pp. 201\u2013234). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60330-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60330-5"},{"issue":"8","key":"709_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12791","volume":"17","author":"AS English","year":"2023","unstructured":"English, A. S., Wang, S., Zhang, Q., & Talhelm, T. (2023). Cultural traits or social norms? Both responsibilism and norms linked to accepting COVID-19 vaccine. Social and Personality Psychology Compass,17(8), Article e12791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/spc3.12791","journal-title":"Social and Personality Psychology Compass"},{"issue":"2","key":"709_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-018-0752-3","volume":"21","author":"ME Fern\u00e1ndez-Esquer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Esquer, M. E., Gallardo, K. R., & Diamond, P. M. (2019). Predicting the influence of situational and immigration stress on Latino day laborers\u2019 workplace injuries: An exploratory structural equation model. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,21(2), 364\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10903-018-0752-3","journal-title":"Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-023-00413-x","volume":"47","author":"JL Foust","year":"2024","unstructured":"Foust, J. L., & Taber, J. M. (2024). Injunctive social norms and perceived message tailoring are associated with health information seeking. Journal of Behavioral Medicine,47(1), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10865-023-00413-x","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"709_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa114","volume":"76","author":"MA Garcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia, M. A., Homan, P. A., Garc\u00eda, C., & Brown, T. H. (2021). The color of COVID-19: Structural racism and the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on older Black and Latinx adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series b, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences,76(3), e75\u2013e80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa114","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series b, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38593-w","volume":"13","author":"SL Heiman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heiman, S. L., Claessens, S., Ayers, J. D., Guevara Beltr\u00e1n, D., Van Horn, A., Hirt, E. R., Aktipis, A., & Todd, P. M. (2023). Descriptive norms caused increases in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific Reports,13(1), Article 11856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-38593-w","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"709_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-022-01329-5","volume":"24","author":"LN Ibekwe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ibekwe, L. N., Atkinson, J. S., Guerrero-Luera, R., King, Y. A., Rangel, M. L., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Esquer, M. E. (2022). Perceived discrimination and injury at work: A cross-sectional study among Latino day laborers. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,24(4), 987\u2013995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10903-022-01329-5","journal-title":"Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health"},{"key":"709_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer, D. W., & Lemeshow, S. (2013). Applied logistic regression. Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2011.569936","volume":"8","author":"G Katiria Perez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katiria Perez, G., & Cruess, D. (2014). The impact of familism on physical and mental health among Hispanics in the United States. Health Psychology Review,8(1), 95\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17437199.2011.569936","journal-title":"Health Psychology Review"},{"key":"709_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.11.024","volume":"78","author":"A Lac","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lac, A., & Donaldson, C. D. (2018). Testing competing models of injunctive and descriptive norms for proximal and distal reference groups on alcohol attitudes and behavior. Addictive Behaviors,78, 153\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.11.024","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"2","key":"709_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x","volume":"15","author":"MK Lapinski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lapinski, M. K., & Rimal, R. N. (2005). An explication of social norms. Communication Theory,15(2), 127\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"issue":"9","key":"709_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091402","volume":"10","author":"C Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, C., Parker, T., Pejavara, K., Smith, D., Tu, R., & Tu, P. (2022). \u201cI would never push a vaccine on you\u201d: A qualitative study of social norms and pressure in vaccine behavior in the U.S. Vaccines,10(9), Article 1402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10091402","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"4","key":"709_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-025-00578-7","volume":"48","author":"T Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin, T., Wang, Y., Thier, K., & Nan, X. (2025). Normative influence in a time of distrust and polarization: How perceived social norms predict COVID-19 vaccination intentions among Black Americans. Journal of Behavioral Medicine,48(4), 644\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10865-025-00578-7","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"709_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26443","volume":"325","author":"L Lopez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lopez, L., Hart, L. H., & Katz, M. H. (2021). Racial and ethnic health disparities related to COVID-19. JAMA,325(8), 719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.26443","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"709_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247454","volume":"16","author":"D Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez, D., Parilli, C., Scartascini, C., & Simpser, A. (2021). Let\u2019s (not) get together! The role of social norms on social distancing during COVID-19. PLoS ONE,16(3), Article e0247454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0247454","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"709_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18060\/3040","author":"NJ Negi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Negi, N. J., Michalopoulos, L., Boyas, J., & Overdorff, A. (2013). Social networks that promote well-being among Latino migrant day laborers. Advances in Social Work. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18060\/3040","journal-title":"Advances in Social Work"},{"issue":"4","key":"709_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198119831753","volume":"46","author":"KC Organista","year":"2019","unstructured":"Organista, K. C., Jung, W., & Neilands, T. B. (2019). Working and living conditions and psychological distress in Latino migrant day laborers. Health Education & Behavior,46(4), 637\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1090198119831753","journal-title":"Health Education & Behavior"},{"key":"709_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2005953","author":"KR Page","year":"2020","unstructured":"Page, K. R., Venkataramani, M., Beyrer, C., & Polk, S. (2020). Undocumented U.S. Immigrants and Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp2005953","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"29","key":"709_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2118770119","volume":"119","author":"N Rabb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rabb, N., Bowers, J., Glick, D., Wilson, K. H., & Yokum, D. (2022). The influence of social norms varies with \u201cothers\u201d groups: Evidence from COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,119(29), Article e2118770119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2118770119","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"709_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650205275385","volume":"32","author":"RN Rimal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rimal, R. N., & Real, K. (2005). How behaviors are influenced by perceived norms: A test of the theory of normative social behavior. Communication Research,32(3), 389\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093650205275385","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"709_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2021.1973702","volume":"38","author":"Y Ryoo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ryoo, Y., & Kim, W. (2023). Using descriptive and injunctive norms to encourage COVID-19 social distancing and vaccinations. Health Communication,38(4), 732\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10410236.2021.1973702","journal-title":"Health Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"709_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/07399863870094003","volume":"9","author":"F Sabogal","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sabogal, F., Mar\u00edn, G., Otero-Sabogal, R., Mar\u00edn, B. V., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (1987). Hispanic familism and acculturation: What changes and what doesn\u2019t? Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences,9(4), 397\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07399863870094003","journal-title":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"709_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/09637214221109572","volume":"31","author":"PW Schultz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schultz, P. W. (2022). Secret agents of influence: Leveraging social norms for good. Current Directions in Psychological Science,31(5), 443\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09637214221109572","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"709_CR31","first-page":"33","volume-title":"The social psychology of intergroup relations","author":"H Tajfel","year":"1979","unstructured":"Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33\u201347). Brooks\/Cole."},{"key":"709_CR32","volume-title":"Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory","author":"JC Turner","year":"1987","unstructured":"Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Blackwell."},{"issue":"12","key":"709_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.12.037","volume":"75","author":"EA Viruell-Fuentes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Viruell-Fuentes, E. A., Miranda, P. Y., & Abdulrahim, S. (2012). More than culture: Structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health. Social Science & Medicine,75(12), 2099\u20132106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.12.037","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1348\/014466608X295207","volume":"48","author":"KM White","year":"2009","unstructured":"White, K. M., Smith, J. R., Terry, D. J., Greenslade, J. H., & McKimmie, B. M. (2009). Social influence in the theory of planned behaviour: The role of descriptive, injunctive, and in\u2010group norms. British Journal of Social Psychology,48(1), 135\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/014466608X295207","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"709_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868310366144","volume":"14","author":"E Zell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zell, E., & Alicke, M. D. (2010). The local dominance effect in self-evaluation: Evidence and explanations. Personality and Social Psychology Review,14(4), 368\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1088868310366144","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"709_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2932","volume":"53","author":"H Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, H., C\u00e1rdenas, D., & Reynolds, K. J. (2023). Norms and COVID-19 health behaviours: A longitudinal investigation of group factors. European Journal of Social Psychology,53(4), 720\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2932","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"709_CR37","first-page":"23","volume":"18","author":"J Zhuang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhuang, J., Schrodt, P., & Guan, M. (2024). Social norms, referent group specificity, and college students\u2019 COVID-19 vaccination intentions: Risk and efficacy perceptions as boundary conditions of normative influence. International Journal of Communication,18, 23\u201323.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00709-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00709-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00709-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:02:51Z","timestamp":1794218571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00709-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00709-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-7715","1573-3521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-7715","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3521","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study received approval from the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston (Protocol HSC-SPH-20-1389).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}