{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:44:31Z","timestamp":1792100671624,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Behav Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-026-00718-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:52:12Z","timestamp":1792097532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How alexithymia impacts the association between interpersonal trauma and somatization"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Hannah F.","family":"Dobbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4417-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Lilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.131227","volume":"204","author":"E Alisic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alisic, E., Zalta, A. K., Van Wesel, F., Larsen, S. E., Hafstad, G. S., Hassanpour, K., & Smid, G. E. (2014). Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: Meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 204(5), 335\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.131227","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"718_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(98)00026-2","volume":"79","author":"P Andreski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Andreski, P., Chilcoat, H., & Breslau, N. (1998). Post-traumatic stress disorder and somatization symptoms: A prospective study. Psychiatry Research, 79(2), 131\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-1781(98)00026-2","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"718_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000287950","volume":"45","author":"M Bagby","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bagby, M., Taylor, G. J., & Ryan, D. (1986). Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Relationship with personality and psychopathology measures. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 45(4), 207\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000287950","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90005-1","volume":"38","author":"RM Bagby","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale\u2014I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 23\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90005-1","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"718_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.109940","volume":"131","author":"RM Bagby","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D., & Taylor, G. J. (2020). Twenty-five years with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 131, 109940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.109940","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"718_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.903","volume":"62","author":"AJ Barsky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barsky, A. J., Orav, E. J., & Bates, D. W. (2005). Somatization increases medical utilization and costs independent of psychiatric and medical comorbidity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(8), 903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.903","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"718_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000228028.07069.59","volume":"44","author":"AJ Barsky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barsky, A. J., Orav, E. J., & Bates, D. W. (2006). Distinctive patterns of medical care utilization in patients who somatize. Medical Care, 44(9), 803\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mlr.0000228028.07069.59","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981","volume":"46","author":"C Benjet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benjet, C., Bromet, E., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Ruscio, A. M., Shahly, V., Stein, D. J., Petukhova, M., Hill, E., Alonso, J., Atwoli, L., Bunting, B., Bruffaerts, R., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., de Girolamo, G., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Huang, Y., & Koenen, K. C. (2016). The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: Results from the world mental health survey consortium. Psychological Medicine, 46(2), 327\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291715001981","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsz102","volume":"45","author":"KE Boerner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boerner, K. E., Green, K., Chapman, A., Stanford, E., Newlove, T., Edwards, K., & Dhariwal, A. (2020). Making sense of somatization: A systematic review of its relationship to pediatric pain. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 45(2), 156\u2013169","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-018-0245-0","volume":"12","author":"H Bohman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bohman, H., L\u00e5ftman, S. B., Cleland, N., Lundberg, M., P\u00e4\u00e4ren, A., & Jonsson, U. (2018). Somatic symptoms in adolescence as a predictor of severe mental illness in adulthood: A long-term community-based follow-up study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 12(1), 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-018-0245-0","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"key":"718_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown, S., Fite, P. J., Stone, K., Richey, A., & Bortolato, M. (2018). Associations between emotional abuse and neglect and dimensions of alexithymia: The moderating role of sex. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 10(3), 300\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000279","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000279"},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000036","volume":"22","author":"K Cameron","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cameron, K., Ogrodniczuk, J., & Hadjipavlou, G. (2014). Changes in alexithymia following psychological intervention: A review. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 22(3), 162\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000036","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v34n03_01","volume":"34","author":"M Cloitre","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cloitre, M., Cohen, L. R., Edelman, R. E., & Han, H. (2001). Posttraumatic stress disorder and extent of trauma exposure as correlates of medical problems and perceived health among women with childhood abuse. Women & Health, 34(3), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J013v34n03_01","journal-title":"Women & Health"},{"key":"718_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corrigan, P. (2004). How stigma interferes with mental health care. American Psychologist, 59(7), 614\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.59.7.614","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.7.614"},{"key":"718_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Demir, S. (2022). Comparison of normality tests in terms of sample sizes under different skewness and kurtosis coefficients. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 9(2), 397\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21449\/ijate.1101295","DOI":"10.21449\/ijate.1101295"},{"issue":"4","key":"718_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197710)33:4<981::AID-JCLP2270330412>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"33","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Derogatis, L. R., & Cleary, P. A. (1977). Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the scl-90: A study in construct validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 981\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-4679(197710)33:4%3C981::AID-JCLP2270330412%3E3.0.CO;2-0","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR17","first-page":"13","volume":"9","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"1973","unstructured":"Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., & Covi, L. (1973). SCL-90: An outpatient psychiatric rating scale\u2013preliminary report. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 9(1), 13\u201328.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.06.033","volume":"75","author":"JE Dimsdale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dimsdale, J. E., Creed, F., Escobar, J., Sharpe, M., Wulsin, L., Barsky, A., Lee, S., Irwin, M. R., & Levenson, J. (2013). Somatic symptom disorder: An important change in DSM. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 75(3), 223\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.06.033","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-019-09704-6","volume":"91","author":"M Eger Aydogmus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eger Aydogmus, M. (2020). Social stigma towards people with medically unexplained symptoms: The somatic symptom disorder. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(2), 349\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11126-019-09704-6","journal-title":"Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-5-1","volume":"5","author":"A Elklit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elklit, A., & Christiansen, D. M. (2009). Predictive factors for somatization in a trauma sample. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 5(1), 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1745-0179-5-1","journal-title":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health"},{"key":"718_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5798372","volume":"2017","author":"M Faramarzi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Faramarzi, M., & Khafri, S. (2017). Role of alexithymia, anxiety, and depression in predicting self-efficacy in academic students. The Scientific World Journal, 2017, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/5798372","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2024-017506","volume":"34","author":"E Faugno","year":"2025","unstructured":"Faugno, E., Galbraith, A. A., Walsh, K., Maglione, P. J., Farmer, J. R., & Ong, M. S. (2025). Experiences with diagnostic delay among underserved racial and ethnic patients: A systematic review of the qualitative literature. BMJ Quality & Safety, 34(3), 190\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2024-017506","journal-title":"BMJ Quality & Safety"},{"key":"718_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13803","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13803","volume":"10","author":"O Feussner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feussner, O., Rehnisch, C., Rabkow, N., & Watzke, S. (2022). Somatization symptoms\u2014Prevalence and risk, stress and resilience factors among medical and dental students at a mid-sized German university. PeerJ, 10, e13803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.13803","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3109\/08039489709109078","volume":"51","author":"CV Ford","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ford, C. V. (1997). Somatic symptoms, somatization, and traumatic stress: An overview. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 51(1), 5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08039489709109078","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20320","volume":"21","author":"PA Frewen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frewen, P. A., Dozois, D. J. A., Neufeld, R. W. J., & Lanius, R. A. (2008). Meta-analysis of alexithymia in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(2), 243\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20320","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"718_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859107","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.859107","volume":"10","author":"B Gavurova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gavurova, B., Ivankova, V., Rigelsky, M., Mudarri, T., & Miovsky, M. (2022). Somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression among college students in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 859107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.859107","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"718_CR26","unstructured":"Glasheen, C., Batts, K., Karg, R., & Hunter, D. (2016). Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 changes on the national survey on drug use and health. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration."},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0247902","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247902","volume":"16","author":"R Gomez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gomez, R., Stavropoulos, V., Zarate, D., & Palikara, O. (2021). Symptom Checklist-90-Revised: A structural examination in relation to family functioning. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0247902","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"718_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grover, S., & Naskar, C. (2024). General concept of somatization. In S. K. Chaturvedi, S. Grover, S. Nagendrappa, B. Vajawat, D. Bhugra, & C. Naskar (Eds.), Somatization Across Cultures (pp. 11\u201326). Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780192858290.003.0002"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.06.033","volume":"146","author":"MY G\u00fcle\u00e7","year":"2013","unstructured":"G\u00fcle\u00e7, M. Y., Altinta\u015f, M., \u0130nan\u00e7, L., Bezgin, \u00c7. H., Koca, E. K., & G\u00fcle\u00e7, H. (2013). Effects of childhood trauma on somatization in major depressive disorder: The role of alexithymia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 146(1), 137\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2012.06.033","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"718_CR30","unstructured":"Harper, C. C., Paige, A. M., & Senior, X. V. (2019). Examining childhood trauma in relationship to anxiety, somatization, and locus of control among University Students (Publication No. 13863832) [Master\u2019s Thesis, Brenau University]. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global."},{"key":"718_CR31","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (3rd ed.). Guilford Press."},{"issue":"7","key":"718_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001323","volume":"209","author":"R Heshmati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heshmati, R., Azmoodeh, S., & Caltabiano, M. L. (2021). Pathway linking different types of childhood trauma to somatic symptoms in a subclinical sample of female college students: The mediating role of experiential avoidance. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 209(7), 497\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001323","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease"},{"key":"718_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hogeveen, J., & Grafman, J. (2021). Alexithymia. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology (Vol. 183, pp. 47\u201362). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-822290-4.00004-9","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822290-4.00004-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01495-5","volume":"273","author":"B Hogg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hogg, B., Gardoki-Souto, I., Valiente-G\u00f3mez, A., Rosa, A. R., Fortea, L., Radua, J., Amann, B. L., & Moreno-Alc\u00e1zar, A. (2023). Psychological trauma as a transdiagnostic risk factor for mental disorder: An umbrella meta-analysis. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 273(2), 397\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-022-01495-5","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"718_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14084","volume":"100","author":"C Iloson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iloson, C., M\u00f6ller, A., Sundfeldt, K., & Bernhardsson, S. (2021). Symptoms within somatization after sexual abuse among women: A scoping review. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 100(4), 758\u2013767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.14084","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"sup5","key":"718_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353383","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1353383","volume":"8","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Bromet, E. J., Cardoso, G., Degenhardt, L., De Girolamo, G., Dinolova, R. V., Ferry, F., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Haro, J. M., Huang, Y., Karam, E. G., Kawakami, N., Lee, S., Lepine, J. P., Levinson, D., & Koenen, K. C. (2017). Trauma and PTSD in the WHO world mental health surveys. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(sup5), 1353383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2017.1353383","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"718_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1177\/01492063231177785","volume":"49","author":"DJ Ketchen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ketchen, D. J., Roccapriore, A. Y., & Connelly, B. L. (2023). Using old data: When is it appropriate? Journal of Management, 49(8), 2541\u20132548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01492063231177785","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"key":"718_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, H.-Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5395\/rde.2013.38.1.52","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2013.38.1.52"},{"key":"718_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.09.004","volume":"55","author":"E Kinnaird","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kinnaird, E., Stewart, C., & Tchanturia, K. (2019). Investigating alexithymia in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 55, 80\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.09.004","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"718_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-018-0927-y","volume":"9","author":"EB Kroska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kroska, E. B., Roche, A. I., & O\u2019Hara, M. W. (2018). Childhood trauma and somatization: Identifying mechanisms for targeted intervention. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1845\u20131856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12671-018-0927-y","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.2.210","volume":"12","author":"ES Kubany","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kubany, E. S., Haynes, S. N., Leisen, M. B., Owens, J. A., Kaplan, A. S., Watson, S. B., & Burns, K. (2000). Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: The traumatic life events questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 12(2), 210\u2013224","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"718_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-012-0289-y","volume":"43","author":"BB Kugler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kugler, B. B., Bloom, M., Kaercher, L. B., Truax, T. V., & Storch, E. A. (2012). Somatic symptoms in traumatized children and adolescents. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 43(5), 661\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-012-0289-y","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry & Human Development"},{"key":"718_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lanzara, R., Scipioni, M., & Conti, C. (2019). A clinical-psychological perspective on somatization among immigrants: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02792","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02792"},{"key":"718_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.02.004","volume":"90","author":"SC Liao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liao, S. C., Ma, H. M., Lin, Y. L., & Huang, W. L. (2019). Functioning and quality of life in patients with somatic symptom disorder: The association with comorbid depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 90, 88\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.02.004","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"718_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101003194.x","volume":"101","author":"R Lieb","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lieb, R., Pfister, H., Mastaler, M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2000). Somatoform syndroms and disorders in a representative population sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, comorbidity and impairments. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 101, 194\u2013208.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"718_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115635","volume":"331","author":"B Lignier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lignier, B., Petot, J. M., Canada, B., Nicolas, M., Courtois, R., & De Oliveira, P. (2024). The structure of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised: Global distress, somatization, hostility, and phobic anxiety scales are reliable and robust across community and clinical samples from four European countries. Psychiatry Research, 331, 115635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115635","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022947","volume":"4","author":"MM Lilly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lilly, M. M., & Valdez, C. E. (2012). Interpersonal trauma and PTSD: The roles of gender and a lifespan perspective in predicting risk. Psychological Trauma: Theory Research Practice and Policy, 4(1), 140\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0022947","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory Research Practice and Policy"},{"issue":"11","key":"718_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.11.1358","volume":"145","author":"ZJ Lipowski","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lipowski, Z. J. (1988). Somatization: The concept and its clinical application. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145(11), 1358\u20131368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.145.11.1358","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016659488","volume":"19","author":"AE L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez, A. E., Serrano-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, E. R., Ruiz-P\u00e1rraga, G. T., G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, L., Ram\u00edrez-Maestre, C., & Esteve, R. (2018). Physical health consequences of interpersonal trauma: A systematic review of the role of psychological variables. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 19(3), 305\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838016659488","journal-title":"Trauma Violence & Abuse"},{"issue":"7","key":"718_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-019-0829-6","volume":"21","author":"MA Lumley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lumley, M. A., & Schubiner, H. (2019). Emotional awareness and expression therapy for chronic pain: Rationale, principles and techniques, evidence, and critical review. Current Rheumatology Reports, 21(7), 30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-019-0829-6","journal-title":"Current Rheumatology Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"718_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001036","volume":"158","author":"MA Lumley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lumley, M. A., Schubiner, H., Lockhart, N. A., Kidwell, K. M., Harte, S. E., Clauw, D. J., & Williams, D. A. (2017). Emotional awareness and expression therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and education for fibromyalgia: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Pain, 158(12), 2354\u20132363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001036","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"718_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luoni, C., Agosti, M., Crugnola, S., Rossi, G., & Termine, C. (2018). Psychopathology, dissociation and somatic symptoms in adolescents who were exposed to traumatic experiences. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02390","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02390"},{"key":"718_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.111068","volume":"163","author":"D Maroti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maroti, D., Lumley, M. A., Schubiner, H., Lilliengren, P., Bileviciute-Ljungar, I., Lj\u00f3tsson, B., & Johansson, R. (2022). Internet-based emotional awareness and expression therapy for somatic symptom disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 163, 111068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.111068","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600005205","volume":"6","author":"F Mart\u00ednez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-S\u00e1nchez, F., Ato-Garc\u00eda, M., & Ortiz-Soria, B. (2003). Alexithymia\u2014State or Trait? The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 51\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1138741600005205","journal-title":"The Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.07.011","volume":"77","author":"JS McCall-Hosenfeld","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCall-Hosenfeld, J. S., Winter, M., Heeren, T., & Liebschutz, J. M. (2014). The association of interpersonal trauma with somatic symptom severity in a primary care population with chronic pain: Exploring the role of gender and the mental health sequelae of trauma. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 77(3), 196\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.07.011","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"718_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90024-8","volume":"38","author":"AC Mcfarlane","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mcfarlane, A. C., Atchison, M., Rafalowicz, E., & Papay, P. (1994). Physical symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(7), 715\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90024-8","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"718_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111161","volume":"166","author":"B McGhie-Fraser","year":"2023","unstructured":"McGhie-Fraser, B., Lucassen, P., Ballering, A., Abma, I., Brouwers, E., Van Dulmen, S., & Olde Hartman, T. (2023). Persistent somatic symptom related stigmatisation by healthcare professionals: A systematic review of questionnaire measurement instruments. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 166, 111161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111161","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"718_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2026.2219","author":"EJ Mellen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mellen, E. J., Poplin, T., Jovanovic, T., Rowland, G. E., House, S. L., Beaudoin, F. L., An, X., Stevens, J. S., Neylan, T. C., Clifford, G. D., Linnstaedt, S. D., Germine, L. T., Rauch, S. L., Haran, J. P., Storrow, A. B., Lewandowski, C., Musey, P. I., Hendry, P. L., Sheikh, S., & Ressler, K. J. (2026). Prior sexual violence, PTSD symptoms, and recovery trajectories after new trauma. JAMA Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2026.2219","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"718_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.10.020","volume":"40","author":"M Mikolajczak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mikolajczak, M., & Luminet, O. (2006). Is alexithymia affected by situational stress or is it a stable trait related to emotion regulation? Personality and Individual Differences, 40(7), 1399\u20131408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2005.10.020","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"6","key":"718_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13056","volume":"29","author":"KP Morie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morie, K. P., Zhai, Z. W., Potenza, M. N., & Mayes, L. C. (2020). Alexithymia, emotion-regulation strategies, and traumatic experiences in prenatally cocaine\u2010exposed young adults. The American Journal on Addictions, 29(6), 492\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajad.13056","journal-title":"The American Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psycom.2022.100047","volume":"2","author":"G Mourad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mourad, G., Jaarsma, T., Str\u00f6mberg, A., & Johansson, P. (2022). Somatization in women and men with non-cardiac chest pain compared to the general Swedish population. Psychiatry Research Communications, 2(2), 100047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psycom.2022.100047","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"718_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2021059","volume":"62","author":"S Nair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nair, S., Kwan, S., Ng, C., & Teo, D. (2021). Approach to the patient with multiple somatic symptoms. Singapore Medical Journal, 62(5), 252\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11622\/smedj.2021059","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.3.409","volume":"60","author":"FH Norris","year":"1992","unstructured":"Norris, F. H. (1992). Epidemiology of trauma: Frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(3), 409\u2013418.","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"718_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1091","volume":"302","author":"ML Paras","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paras, M. L., Murad, M. H., Chen, L. P., Goranson, E. N., Sattler, A. L., Colbenson, K. M., Elamin, M. B., Seime, R. J., Prokop, L. J., & Zirakzadeh, A. (2009). Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of somatic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal Of The American Medical Association, 302(5), 550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2009.1091","journal-title":"Journal Of The American Medical Association"},{"key":"718_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105226","volume":"120","author":"K Piontek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piontek, K., Wiesmann, U., Apfelbacher, C., V\u00f6lzke, H., & Grabe, H. J. (2021). The association of childhood maltreatment, somatization and health-related quality of life in adult age: Results from a population-based cohort study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 120, 105226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105226","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"11","key":"718_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0877-1","volume":"49","author":"HG Rohlof","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rohlof, H. G., Knipscheer, J. W., & Kleber, R. J. (2014). Somatization in refugees: A review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(11), 1793\u20131804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-014-0877-1","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"718_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90020-5","volume":"38","author":"JK Salminen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Salminen, J. K., Saarij\u00e4rvi, S., \u00c4\u00e4irel\u00e4, E., & Tamminen, T. (1994). Alexithymia\u2014state or trait? One-year follow-up study of general hospital psychiatric consultation out-patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(7), 681\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90020-5","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3999(98)00053-1","volume":"46","author":"JK Salminen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Salminen, J. K., Saarij\u00e4rvi, S., A\u00e4rel\u00e4, E., Toikka, T., & Kauhanen, J. (1999). Prevalence of alexithymia and its association with sociodemographic variables in the general population of Finland. Journal of psychosomatic research, 46(1), 75\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3999(98)00053-1","journal-title":"Journal of psychosomatic research"},{"key":"718_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.26685\/urncst.485","volume":"7","author":"S Satish","year":"2023","unstructured":"Satish, S., & Pal, Z. (2023). A bias recognized is a bias sterilized: A literature review on how biased datasets have led to the long-standing misdiagnosing of people of color (POC) and female patients. Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology Journal, 7, 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26685\/urncst.485","journal-title":"Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology Journal"},{"key":"718_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S125421","volume":"10","author":"A Schlarb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schlarb, A., Cla\u00dfen, M., Hellmann, S., V\u00f6gele, C., & Gulewitsch, M. D. (2017). Sleep and somatic complaints in university students. Journal of Pain Research, 10, 1189\u20131199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S125421","journal-title":"Journal of Pain Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"718_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002840","volume":"45","author":"L Shanahan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shanahan, L., Zucker, N., Copeland, W. E., Bondy, C. L., Egger, H. L., & Costello, E. J. (2015). Childhood somatic complaints predict generalized anxiety and depressive disorders during young adulthood in a community sample. Psychological Medicine, 45(8), 1721\u20131730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291714002840","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"718_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, A., Singh, R., & Singh, A. K. (2024). A review-based theoretical analysis on somatization of psychological symptoms and physical manifestation of trauma in youths: In M. Sofologi, D. Katsarou, & E. Efthymiou (Eds.), Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies (pp. 273\u2013294). IGI Global. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/979-8-3693-4022-6.ch014","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-4022-6.ch014"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01607.x","volume":"63","author":"Z Solomon","year":"1990","unstructured":"Solomon, Z., Mikulincer, M., & Habershaim, N. (1990). Life-events, coping strategies, social resources, and somatic complaints among combat stress reaction casualties. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 63(2), 137\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01607.x","journal-title":"British Journal of Medical Psychology"},{"key":"718_CR75","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2014). Trauma-informed care in behavioral health services. Treatment improvement protocol (TIP) Series 57. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4801. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration."},{"issue":"8","key":"718_CR76","first-page":"879","volume":"99","author":"DH Suite","year":"2007","unstructured":"Suite, D. H., La Bril, R., Primm, A., & Harrison-Ross, P. (2007). Beyond misdiagnosis, misunderstanding and mistrust: Relevance of the historical perspective in the medical and mental health treatment of people of color. Journal of the National Medical Association, 99(8), 879\u2013885.","journal-title":"Journal of the National Medical Association"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"718_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000288571","volume":"57","author":"GJ Taylor","year":"1992","unstructured":"Taylor, G. J., Bagby, M., & Parker, J. D. A. (1992). The revised Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Some reliability, validity, and normative data. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 57(1\u20132), 34\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000288571","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"key":"718_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.10.014","volume":"115","author":"O von dem Knesebeck","year":"2018","unstructured":"von dem Knesebeck, O., Lehmann, M., L\u00f6we, B., & Makowski, A. C. (2018). Public stigma towards individuals with somatic symptom disorders\u2013Survey results from Germany. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 115, 71\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.10.014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000433","volume":"12","author":"KPM Zorzella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zorzella, K. P. M., Muller, R. T., Cribbie, R. A., Bambrah, V., & Classen, C. C. (2020). The role of alexithymia in trauma therapy outcomes: Examining improvements in PTSD, dissociation, and interpersonal problems. Psychological Trauma: Theory Research Practice and Policy, 12(1), 20\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000433","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory Research Practice and Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"718_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.6.1203","volume":"103","author":"L Zwaigenbaum","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zwaigenbaum, L., Szatmari, P., Boyle, M. H., & Offord, D. R. (1999). Highly somatizing young adolescents and the risk of depression. Pediatrics, 103(6), 1203\u20131209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.103.6.1203","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00718-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00718-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00718-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:52:14Z","timestamp":1792097534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00718-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10865-026-00718-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-7715","1573-3521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-7715","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3521","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"We have no known conflict of interest to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Northern Illinois University Institutional Review Board (IRB Protocol #HS09-0391).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participants for the study consented digitally before being able to complete the survey per the IRB, so all data was collected anonymously.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Information regarding the publication of data in aggregate was included in the informed consent process.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}