{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:54:22Z","timestamp":1793717662342,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,16]],"date-time":"2007-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1195171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,16]],"date-time":"2007-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1195171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-007-9144-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]],"date-time":"2007-11-15T18:22:59Z","timestamp":1195150979000},"page":"186-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders in Kuwait: First Report from Kuwait National Primary Immunodeficiency Registry (2004\u20132006)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Waleed","family":"Al-Herz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"9144_CR1","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Immunologic disorders in infants & children","author":"HD Ochs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ochs HD, Stiehm R, Winkelstein J. Antibody deficiencies. In: ER Stiehm, HD Ochs, JA Winkelstein, editors. Immunologic disorders in infants & children. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2004. pp. 356\u2013426.","edition":"5"},{"key":"9144_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4725","volume":"92","author":"C Cunningham-Rundles","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cunningham-Rundles C, Bodian C. Common variable immunodeficiency: clinical and immunological features of 248 patients. J Clin Immunol 1999;92:34\u201348.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9144_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70268-6","volume":"47","author":"M Woroniecka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Woroniecka M, Ballow M. Office evaluation of children with recurrent infections. Pediatr Clin North Am 2000;47(6):1211\u201323.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"18","key":"9144_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011023431806","volume":"343","author":"RH Buckley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buckley RH. Primary immunodeficiency diseases due to defects in lymphocytes. N Engl J Med 2000;343(18):1313\u201323.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9144_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1347","volume":"117","author":"L Notarangelo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Notarangelo L, Casanova JL, Conley ME, Chapel H, Fischer A, Puck J, et al. Primary immunodeficiency diseases: an update from international union of immunological societies primary immunodeficiency diseases classification committee meeting in Budapest, 2005. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:883\u201396.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9144_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62915-8","volume":"87","author":"N Tangsinmankong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tangsinmankong N, Bahna SL, Good RA. The immunologic workup of the child suspected of immunodeficiency. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001;87:362\u201370.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"9144_CR7","unstructured":"Immune Deficiency Foundation Diagnosting & Clinical Care Guidelines for Primary immunodeficiency Diseases: http:\/\/www.primaryimmune.org (July 1, 2007)."},{"key":"9144_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(86)90070-X","volume":"40","author":"ER Stiem","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stiem ER, Chin TW, Hass A, Peerless AG. Infectious complications of primary immunodeficiencies. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1986;40:69\u201389.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"9144_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-199408000-00005","volume":"7","author":"ABD Webster","year":"1994","unstructured":"Webster ABD. Infection in primary immunodeficiency syndrome. Curr Opin Infect Dis 1994;7:444\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9144_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026463900925","volume":"20","author":"AP Knutsen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Knutsen AP, Wall DA. Umbilical cord blood transplantation in severe T-cell immunodeficiency disorders: two-year experience. J Clin Immunol 2000;20:466\u201376.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9144_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5466.669","volume":"288","author":"M Cavazzana-Calvo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cavazzana-Calvo M, Hacein-Bay S, de Saint Basile G, Gross F, Yvon E, Nusbaum P, et al. Gene therapy of human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-X1 disease. Science 2000;288:669\u201372.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"9144_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.01.764","volume":"113","author":"RH Buckley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buckley RH. A historical review of bone marrow transplantation for primary immunodeficiencies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;113(4):793\u2013800.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9144_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-006-9047-x","volume":"26","author":"N Rezaei","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rezaei N, Aghamohammadi A, Moin M, Pourpak Z, Movahedi M, Gharazlou M, et al. Frequency and clinical manifestations of patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders in Iran: update from the Iranian primary immunodeficiency registry. J Clin Immunol 2006;26(6):519\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9144_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-006-9052-0","volume":"27","author":"LE Leiva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leiva LE, Zelazco M, Oleastro M, Carneiro-Sampaio M, Condino-Neto A, Costa-Caravalho BT, et al. Primary immunodeficiency diseases in Latin America: The second report of the LAGID registry. J Clin Immunol 2007;27(1):101\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9144_CR15","unstructured":"The European Society for Immunodeficiencies: http:\/\/www.esid.org\/statistics.php (July 15, 2007)."},{"issue":"2","key":"9144_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-005-2822-2","volume":"25","author":"WI Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee WI, Kuo ML, Huang JL, Lin SJ, Wu CJ. Distribution and clinical aspects of primary immunodeficiencies in a Taiwan pediatric tertiary hospital during a 20-year period. J Clin Immunol 2005;25(2):162\u201373.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9144_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-005-0360-9","volume":"25","author":"M Abuzakouk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abuzakouk M, Feighery C. Primary immunodeficiency disorders in the Republic of Ireland: first report of the national registry in children and adults. J Clin Immunol 2005;25(1):73\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9144_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0546(01)79031-3","volume":"29","author":"J Mila LIambi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mila LIambi J, Etxagibel Galdos A, Matamoros Flori N. The Spanish Registry of Primay Immunodeficiencies (REDIP). Allergol Immunopathol 2001;29(3):122\u20135.","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9144_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023247117133","volume":"18","author":"RA Al-Attas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Al-Attas RA, Rahi AH. Primary antibody deficiency in Arabs: first report from eastern Saudi Arabia. J Clin Immunol 1998;18(5):368\u201371.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9144_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70257-4","volume":"100","author":"KW Baumgart","year":"1997","unstructured":"Baumgart KW, Britton WJ, Kemp A, French M, Roberton D. The spectrum of immunodeficiency disorders in Australia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100(3):415\u201323.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9144_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916954","volume":"8","author":"O Ryser","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ryser O, Morell A, Hitzig WH. Primary immunodeficiencies in Switzerland: first report of the national registry in adults and children. J Clin Immunol 1988;8(6):479\u201385.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9144_CR22","first-page":"53","volume":"19","author":"G Luzi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Luzi G, Pesce AM, Rinaldi S. Primary immunodeficiencies in Italy. Data revised from the Italian Register of Immunodeficiencies-IRID (1977\u201388). Allergol Immunopathol 1991;19(2):53\u20137.","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9144_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915474","volume":"1","author":"H Hayakawa","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hayakawa H, Iwata T, Yata J, Kobayashi N. Primay immunodefiedncy syndrome in Japan. Overview of a nationwide survey on primary immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Immunol 1981;1(1):31\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9144_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916891","volume":"2","author":"A Fasth","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fasth A. Primary immunodeficiency disorders in Sweden: cases among children 1974\u20131979. J Clin Immunol 1982;2:86\u201392.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9144_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026416017763","volume":"20","author":"A Stary-Pedersen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stary-Pedersen A, Abrahamsen TG, Froland SS. Primary immunodeficiency diseases in Norway. J Clin Immunol 2000;20(6):477\u201384.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9144_CR26","unstructured":"Kuwait Health 2004\u20132006. Health & Vital Statistics Division, Department of Statistics & Medical Records. Ministry of Health, State of Kuwait."},{"issue":"2","key":"9144_CR27","first-page":"97","volume":"26","author":"AG White","year":"1988","unstructured":"White AG, Raju KT, Abouna GM. A six year experience with recurrent infections and immunodeficiency in children in Kuwait. J Clin Lab Immunol 1988;26(2):97\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Immunol"},{"key":"9144_CR28","first-page":"349","volume":"63","author":"A Zimran","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zimran A, Rudensky B, Kramer MR. Hereditary complement deficiency in survivors of meningococcal disease. High prevalence of C7\/C8 deficiency in Sphardic (Moroccan) Jews. Q I Med 1987;63:349\u201358.","journal-title":"Q I Med"},{"key":"9144_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05350.x","volume":"81","author":"M Schlesinger","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schlesinger M, Nave Z, Levi Y, Fishelson Z. Prevalence of hereditary properdin, C7 and C8 deficiencies in patients with meningococcal infections. Clin Exp Immunol 1990;81:423\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9144_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70270-4","volume":"47","author":"ME Elder","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elder ME. T-cell immunodeficiencies. Pediatr Clin North Am 2000;47(6):1253\u201373.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"9144_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70246-5","volume":"134","author":"P Quartier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Quartier P, Debre M, De Blic J, de Sauverzac R, Sayegh N, Jabado N, et al. Early and prolonged intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in childhood agammaglobulinemia: a retrospectic survey of 31 patients. J Pediatr 1999;134:589\u201396.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"9144_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.124999","volume":"109","author":"PJ Busse","year":"2002","unstructured":"Busse PJ, Razvi S, Cunningham-Rundles C. Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the prevention of pneumonia in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:1001\u20134.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9144_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.278.22.2018","volume":"278","author":"G Stadtmauer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stadtmauer G, Cunningham-Rundles C. Outcome analysis and cost assessment in immunologic disorders. JAMA 1997;278:2018\u201323.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9144_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.127711","volume":"141","author":"ME Conley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Conley ME, Howard V. Clinical findings leading to the diagnosis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia. J Pediatr 2002;141:566\u201371.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"9144_CR35","unstructured":"Jeffrey Modell Foundation: http:\/\/www.jmfworld.com\/ (July 15, 2007)."},{"key":"9144_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902183400703","volume":"340","author":"RH Buckley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Buckley RH, Schiff SE, Schiff RI, Market L, Williams LW, Roberts JL, et al. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency. N Engl J Med 1999;340:508\u201316.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9144_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.3.872","volume":"99","author":"LA Myers","year":"2002","unstructured":"Myers LA, Patel DD, Puck JM, Buckley RH. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency in the neonatal period leads to superior thymic output and improved survival. Blood 2002;99:872\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9144_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12513-5","volume":"361","author":"C Antoine","year":"2003","unstructured":"Antoine C, Muller S, Cant A, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Veys P, Vossen J, et al.; European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantatoin; European Society for Immunodeficiency. Long-term survival and transplantation of haemopoietic stem cells for immunodeficiencies: report of the European experience 1968\u201399. Lancet 2003;361:553\u201360.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10875-007-9144-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10875-007-9144-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10875-007-9144-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10875-007-9144-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T02:39:05Z","timestamp":1744166345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10875-007-9144-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10875-007-9144-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-9142","1573-2592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-9142","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2007","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2007","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}