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Vesical (T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub>) and nasopharyngeal (T<jats:sub>NPH<\/jats:sub>) temperature are usually measured. Whereas T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub> slowly responds to temperature changes, T<jats:sub>NPH<\/jats:sub> carries the risk of bleeding. The zero-heat-flux (ZHF) temperature monitoring systems SpotOn\u2122 (T<jats:sub>SpotOn<\/jats:sub>), and Tcore\u2122 (T<jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub>) measure temperature non-invasively. We evaluated accuracy and precision of the non-invasive devices, and of T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub> compared to T<jats:sub>NPH<\/jats:sub> for estimating temperature. In this prospective observational study in pediatric and adult patients accuracy and precision of T<jats:sub>SpotOn<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub>, and T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub> were analyzed using the Bland-Altman method. Proportion of differences (PoD) and Lin\u00b4s concordance correlation coefficient (LCC) were calculated. Data of 47 patients resulted in sets of matched measurements: 1073 for T<jats:sub>SpotOn<\/jats:sub> vs. T<jats:sub>NPH<\/jats:sub>, 874 for T<jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub> vs. T<jats:sub>NPH<\/jats:sub>, and 1102 for T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub> vs. T<jats:sub>NPH<\/jats:sub>. Accuracy was \u2212\u20090.39\u00a0\u00b0C for T<jats:sub>SpotOn<\/jats:sub>, -0.09\u00a0\u00b0C for T<jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub>, and 0.07\u00a0\u00b0C for T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub>. Precisison was between \u2212\u20091.12 and 0.35\u00a0\u00b0C for T<jats:sub>SpotOn<\/jats:sub>, -0.88 to 0.71\u00a0\u00b0C for T<jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub>, and \u2212\u20091.90 to 2.05\u00a0\u00b0C for T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub>. PoD\u2009\u2264\u20090.5\u00a0\u00b0C were 71% for T<jats:sub>SpotOn<\/jats:sub>, 71% for T<jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub>, and 60% for T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub>. LCC was 0.9455 for T<jats:sub>SpotOn<\/jats:sub>, 0.9510 for T<jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub>, and 0.9322 for T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub>. Temperatures below 25.2\u00a0\u00b0C (T<jats:sub>SpotOn<\/jats:sub>) or 27.1 (T<jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub>) could not be recorded non-invasively, but only with T<jats:sub>ves<\/jats:sub>. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00010720.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-024-01204-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T17:02:09Z","timestamp":1723309329000},"page":"205-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intraoperative zero-heat-flux thermometry overestimates nasopharyngeal temperature by 0.39\u00a0\u00b0C: an observational study in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ivo F.","family":"Brandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodor","family":"Tirilomis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Wieditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anselm","family":"Br\u00e4uer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-018-0658-6","volume":"18","author":"LK Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee LK, et al. 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We followed STROBE guidelines for reporting of observational studies.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Each patient consented to participate at least 24\u00a0h prior to surgery. Consent could be withdrawn by every patient at any time without reason and without any disadvantage regarding treatment.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Each patient consented to publish their data prior to data acquisition. Consent could be withdrawn by every patient at any time without reason and without any disadvantage regarding treatment.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"Prof. Dr. A. Br\u00e4uer is a member of the advisory board of 3\u00a0M Europe and has received payments from 3\u00a0M Germany, 3\u00a0M Europe, 3\u00a0M Asia Pacific Pte Ltd. for consultancy work.All other authors do not have any competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}