{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:56:09Z","timestamp":1785333369319,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology of the University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Monit Comput"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). We hypothesized that a reduction in intraoperative renal (SrO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) or cerebral (ScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) tissue oxygen saturation is associated with postoperative AKI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a prospective observational study including fifty pediatric patients with non-cyanotic heart disease undergoing elective surgical repair with cardiopulmonary bypass. Intraoperative SrO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and ScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy (O3\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Regional Oximetry). Relative decreases of 10% and 20% from baseline SrO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and ScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were analysed, calculating the total time below the threshold, area under the threshold, and time-weighted average. The primary outcome was the association between intraoperative SrO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and ScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      decreases, and the occurrence of postoperative AKI defined with the \u2018Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes\u2019 criteria. Secondary outcomes included the association between other known or potential risk factors for AKI and postoperative AKI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of postoperative AKI was 18.4%. There was no association between the duration and extent of intraoperative reductions of SrO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and ScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      below 10% and 20% from baseline, and postoperative AKI (e.g., area under the threshold for ScO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      decreases below 10%: 36.8 [11.8 to 419.9] % min in patients with AKI vs. 9.6 [0.6 to 92.8] % min in patients without AKI,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.117). Preoperative serum creatinine, body mass index, intraoperative hypotension, and blood lactate were associated with postoperative AKI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A decrease in intraoperative renal or cerebral tissue oxygen saturation was not associated with postoperative AKI in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for non-cyanotic congenital heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-025-01345-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T06:29:27Z","timestamp":1756880967000},"page":"405-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intraoperative renal and cerebral tissue oxygen saturation measurements to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in pediatric cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-6171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Massari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8630-992X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Modestini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5349-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelia K.","family":"Niezen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Carina","family":"Zoutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9184-4190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas W. L.","family":"Scheeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0025-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Accord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9421-3836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"van Amsterdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0421-536X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel M. R. F.","family":"Struys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0597-6462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaap Jan","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-021-02680-4","volume":"42","author":"RG Abbasciano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abbasciano RG, Hoxha S, Gaburro D, Surdo S, Menon T, Gottin L, et al. Impact on renal function and hospital outcomes of an individualized management of cardiopulmonary bypass in congenital heart surgery: a pilot study. Pediatr Cardiol. 2021;42:1862\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-021-02680-4.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"1345_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.12.012","volume":"146","author":"MA Hazle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hazle MA, Gajarski RJ, Aiyagari R, Yu S, Abraham A, Donohue J, et al. Urinary biomarkers and renal near-infrared spectroscopy predict intensive care unit outcomes after cardiac surgery in infants younger than 6 months of age. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;146:861\u2013e8671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.12.012.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1345_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.108.800011","volume":"119","author":"CE Hobson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hobson CE, Yavas S, Segal MS, Schold JD, Tribble CG, Layon AJ, et al. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased long-term mortality after cardiothoracic surgery. Circulation. 2009;119:2444\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.108.800011.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1345_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0b013e31821201d3","volume":"39","author":"S Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li S, Krawczeski CD, Zappitelli M, Devarajan P, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Coca SG, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery: a prospective multicenter study. Crit Care Med. 2011;39:1493\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ccm.0b013e31821201d3.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1345_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05297-0","volume":"37","author":"J Van den Eynde","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van den Eynde J, Delpire B, Jacquemyn X, Pardi I, Rotbi H, Gewillig M, et al. Risk factors for acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2022;37:509\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-021-05297-0.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"1345_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102397","volume":"12","author":"G Kourelis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kourelis G, Kanakis M, Samanidis G, Tzannis K, Bobos D, Kousi T, et al. Acute kidney injury predictors and outcomes after cardiac surgery in children with congenital heart disease: an observational cohort study. Diagnostics. 2022;12: 2397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12102397.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"1345_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15270","volume":"64","author":"HD Ozcanoglu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ozcanoglu HD, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk E, Tan\u0131d\u0131r \u0130C, \u015eahin GT, Ozalp S, Y\u0131ld\u0131z O, et al. The comparison of three different acute kidney injury classification systems after congenital heart surgery. Pediatr Int. 2022;64: e15270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.15270.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"1345_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0000000000002968","volume":"132","author":"SD Gumbert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gumbert SD, Kork F, Jackson ML, Vanga N, Ghebremichael SJ, Wang CY, et al. Perioperative acute kidney injury. Anesthesiology. 2020;132:180\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aln.0000000000002968.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1345_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1097\/eja.0000000000000782","volume":"35","author":"M Bojan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bojan M, Basto Duarte MC, Lopez V, Tourneur L, Vicca S, Froissart M. Low perfusion pressure is associated with renal tubular injury in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a secondary analysis of an observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(8):581\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/eja.0000000000000782.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1345_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep299","volume":"103","author":"JM Murkin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murkin JM, Arango M. Near-infrared spectroscopy as an index of brain and tissue oxygenation. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103(Suppl 1):i3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aep299.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1345_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-9960-5","volume":"32","author":"LA Ortmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ortmann LA, Fontenot EE, Seib PM, Eble BK, Brown R, Bhutta AT. Use of near-infrared spectroscopy for estimation of renal oxygenation in children with heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol. 2011;32:748\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-011-9960-5.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"1345_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14271","volume":"107","author":"CL Hunter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hunter CL, Oei JL, Suzuki K, Lui K, Schindler T. Patterns of use of near-infrared spectroscopy in neonatal intensive care units: international usage survey. Acta Paediatr. 2018;107:1198\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.14271.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"1345_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-3-58","volume":"3","author":"T Miyamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miyamoto T, Miyaji K, Okamoto H, Kohira S, Tomoyasu T, Inoue N, et al. Higher cerebral oxygen saturation may provide higher urinary output during continuous regional cerebral perfusion. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;3:58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-8090-3-58.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"1345_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-010-9839-x","volume":"32","author":"GE Owens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Owens GE, King K, Gurney JG, Charpie JR. Low renal oximetry correlates with acute kidney injury after infant cardiac surgery. Pediatr Cardiol. 2011;32:183\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-010-9839-x.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"1345_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruf B, Bonelli V, Balling G, H\u00f6rer J, Nagdyman N, Braun SL, et al. Intraoperative renal near-infrared spectroscopy indicates developing acute kidney injury in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A case-control study. Crit Care. 2015;19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-015-0760-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0760-9"},{"key":"1345_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.06.045","volume":"127","author":"D Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang D, Ouyang C, Zhao X, Cui B, Dai F, Meng L, et al. Renal tissue desaturation and acute kidney injury in infant cardiac surgery: a prospective propensity score-matched cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2021;127:620\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2021.06.045.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1345_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062085","volume":"12","author":"Y Wakamatsu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wakamatsu Y, Nakanishi K, Satoh T, Kawasaki S, Amano A. Use of renal near-infrared spectroscopy and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin monitoring as indicators of acute kidney injury in pediatric cardiac surgery. J Clin Med. 2023;12: 2085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12062085.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1345_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2013.03.035","volume":"27","author":"H Jung Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung Kim H, Yeon Park J, Man Seo D, Jin Yun T, Park J-J, Gwak M. Acute kidney injury and renal regional oxygen saturation during aortic arch reconstruction in infants. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2013;27:1153\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2013.03.035.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"1345_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135111411932","volume":"2","author":"C Colasacco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Colasacco C, Worthen M, Peterson B, Lamberti J, Spear R. Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring to predict postoperative renal insufficiency following repair of congenital heart disease. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2011;2:536\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2150135111411932.","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"key":"1345_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-020-01733-1","volume":"67","author":"M Modestini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Modestini M, Hoffmann L, Niezen C, Armocida B, Vos JJ, Scheeren TWL. Cerebral oxygenation during pediatric congenital cardiac surgery and its association with outcome: a retrospective observational study. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia\/Journal canadien d\u2019anesth\u00e9sie. 2020;67:1170\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-020-01733-1.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anesthesia\/Journal canadien d'anesth\u00e9sie"},{"key":"1345_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","volume":"61","author":"E von Elm","year":"2008","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61:344\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1345_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/pcc.0000000000001767","volume":"20","author":"PS Adams","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adams PS, Vargas D, Baust T, Saenz L, Koh W, Blasiole B, et al. Associations of perioperative renal oximetry via near-infrared spectroscopy, urinary biomarkers, and postoperative acute kidney injury in infants after congenital heart surgery: should creatinine continue to be the gold standard?? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019;20:27\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pcc.0000000000001767.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1345_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cce.0000000000000063","volume":"1","author":"M Flechet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flechet M, G\u00fciza F, Scharlaeken I, Vlasselaers D, Desmet L, Van den Berghe G, et al. Near-infrared-based cerebral oximetry for prediction of severe acute kidney injury in critically ill children after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Explor. 2019;1(12): e0063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/cce.0000000000000063.","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"1345_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2020.04.015","volume":"32","author":"YY Kulyabin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kulyabin YY, Bogachev-Prokophiev AV, Soynov IA, Omelchenko AY, Zubritskiy AV, Gorbatykh YN. Clinical assessment of perfusion techniques during surgical repair of coarctation of aorta with aortic arch hypoplasia in neonates: a pilot prospective randomized study. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020;32:860\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2020.04.015.","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1345_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.4103\/ijccm.ijccm_459_16","volume":"21","author":"S Amini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amini S, Abbaspour H, Morovatdar N, Robabi HN, Soltani G, Tashnizi MA. Risk factors and outcome of acute kidney injury after congenital heart surgery: a prospective observational study. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2017;21:847\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijccm.ijccm_459_16.","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1345_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew307","volume":"117","author":"F Neunhoeffer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neunhoeffer F, Wiest M, Sandner K, Renk H, Heimberg E, Haller C, et al. Non-invasive measurement of renal perfusion and oxygen metabolism to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in neonates and infants after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117:623\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aew307.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1345_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.09.049","volume":"36","author":"K Bochmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bochmann K, Meineri M, Ender JK, von Aspern K, Flo Forner A, Janai AR, et al. Interventions triggered during routine use of NIRS cerebral oxygenation monitoring in cardiac surgical patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2022;36:2022\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.09.049.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"1345_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0127","volume":"41","author":"TL Cleto-Yamane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cleto-Yamane TL, Gomes CLR, Suassuna JHR, Nogueira PK. Acute kidney injury epidemiology in pediatrics. J Bras Nefrol. 2019;41:275\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0127.","journal-title":"J Bras Nefrol"},{"key":"1345_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.13","volume":"2","author":"Summary of Recommendation Statements","year":"2012","unstructured":"Summary of Recommendation Statements. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;2:143\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/kisup.2012.13.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"1345_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivz197","volume":"29","author":"M Bojan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bojan M, Bonaveglio E, Dolcino A, Mirabile C. Somatic and cerebral near infrared spectroscopy for the monitoring of perfusion during neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2019;29:955\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icvts\/ivz197.","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"1345_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/pcc.0000000000000674","volume":"17","author":"KM Gist","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gist KM, Kaufman J, da Cruz EM, Friesen RH, Crumback SL, Linders M, et al. A decline in intraoperative renal near-infrared spectroscopy is associated with adverse outcomes in children following cardiac surgery. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016;17:342\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pcc.0000000000000674.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1345_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1097\/pcc.0000000000001656","volume":"19","author":"R Joffe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joffe R, Al Aklabi M, Bhattacharya S, Cave D, Calleja T, Garros D, et al. Cardiac surgery-associated kidney injury in children and renal oximetry. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19:839\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pcc.0000000000001656.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1345_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e759","DOI":"10.1097\/pcc.0000000000002495","volume":"21","author":"JS Roberts","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roberts JS, Yanay O, Barry D. Age-Based percentiles of measured mean arterial pressure in pediatric patients in a hospital setting. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020;21:e759\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pcc.0000000000002495.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1345_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/pcc.0b013e3181b806fc","volume":"11","author":"MG Gaies","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gaies MG, Gurney JG, Yen AH, Napoli ML, Gajarski RJ, Ohye RG, et al. Vasoactive-inotropic score as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2010;11:234\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pcc.0b013e3181b806fc.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1345_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_234_21","volume":"15","author":"P Doctor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Doctor P, Aggarwal S, Garcia R. Is there an association of near-infrared spectroscopy with low cardiac output and adverse outcomes in single-ventricle patients after stage 1 palliation? Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2022;15:249\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/apc.apc_234_21.","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"1345_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-022-00944-9","volume":"37","author":"IN De Keijzer","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Keijzer IN, Massari D, Niezen CK, Bokkers RPH, Vos JJ, Scheeren TWL. Agreement of somatic and renal near-infrared spectroscopy with reference blood samples during a controlled hypoxia sequence: a healthy volunteer study. J Clin Monit Comput. 2023;37:805\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10877-022-00944-9.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"1345_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-022-00815-3","volume":"36","author":"J-H Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee J-H, Song I-S, Kang P, Ji S-H, Jang Y-E, Kim E-H, et al. Validation of the Masimo O3\u2122 regional oximetry device in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Clin Monit Comput. 2022;36:1703\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10877-022-00815-3.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"1345_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2015.06.006","volume":"35","author":"B Cardoso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cardoso B, Laranjo S, Gomes I, Freitas I, Trigo C, Fragata I, et al. [Acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery: risk factors and outcomes. Proposal for a predictive model]. Rev Port Cardiol. 2016;35:99\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.repc.2015.06.006.","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"1345_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.06.050","volume":"94","author":"SI Aydin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aydin SI, Seiden HS, Blaufox AD, Parnell VA, Choudhury T, Punnoose A, et al. Acute kidney injury after surgery for congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;94:1589\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.06.050.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"1345_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000480358","volume":"46","author":"D Hirano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hirano D, Ito A, Yamada A, Kakegawa D, Miwa S, Umeda C, et al. Independent risk factors and 2-year outcomes of acute kidney injury after surgery for congenital heart disease. Am J Nephrol. 2017;46:204\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000480358.","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"1345_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166328","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166328","volume":"11","author":"S-K Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park S-K, Hur M, Kim E, Kim WH, Park JB, Kim Y, et al. Risk factors for acute kidney injury after congenital cardiac surgery in infants and children: a retrospective observational study. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0166328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0166328.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1345_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/pcc.0000000000000984","volume":"18","author":"CA Algaze","year":"2017","unstructured":"Algaze CA, Koth AM, Faberowski LW, Hanley FL, Krawczeski CD, Axelrod DM. Acute kidney injury in patients undergoing the extracardiac Fontan operation with and without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18:34\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pcc.0000000000000984.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1345_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-5-71","volume":"5","author":"HD Kanji","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kanji HD, Schulze CJ, Hervas-Malo M, Wang P, Ross DB, Zibdawi M, et al. Difference between pre-operative and cardiopulmonary bypass mean arterial pressure is independently associated with early cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;5:71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-8090-5-71.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"1345_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0048","DOI":"10.1097\/ea9.0000000000000048","volume":"3","author":"H Jung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jung H, Mohr N, Hulde N, Krannich A, Storm C, Von Dossow V. Intraoperative hypotension and its association with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery: a large retrospective cohort study. Eur J Anaesthesiol Intensive Care. 2024;3:e0048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ea9.0000000000000048.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol Intensive Care"},{"key":"1345_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05234-1","volume":"37","author":"JE Fishbein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fishbein JE, Barone M, Schneider JB, Meyer DB, Hagen J, Bakar A, et al. Blood pressure variability during pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol. 2022;37:871\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-021-05234-1.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10877-025-01345-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10877-025-01345-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10877-025-01345-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T03:49:21Z","timestamp":1775447361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10877-025-01345-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10877-025-01345-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"M.M.R.F. Struys: No conflicts of interests have to be reported for this study. In general and not related to this study, his research group\/department received (over the last 3 years) research grants and consultancy fees from Masimo (Irvine, CA, USA), Becton Dickinson (Eysins, Switzerland), Fresenius-Kabi (Bad Homburg, Germany), Paion (Aachen, Germany), Medcaptain Europe (Andelst, The Netherlands), Baxter (Chicago, IL, USA), Eagle Pharmaceuticals Inc (Woodcliff, NJ, USA), HanaPharm (Seoul, Republic of Korea). He receives royalties on intellectual property from Demed Medical (Sinaai, Belgium) and the Ghent University (Gent, Belgium). T.W.L. Scheeren received research grants and honoraria from Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA, USA) and Masimo Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA) for consulting and lecturing in the past (payments made to institution). T.W.L. Scheeren is currently working as Senior Medical Director for BD Advanced Patient Monitoring (Heidelberg, Germany). The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The Medical Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Groningen (Chairperson Prof. W.A. Kamps) reviewed our research protocol on April 20th, 2021 (METc 2021\/191) and determined that it did not fall under the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO). The study was successfully registered in the Netherlands Trial Register on November 3rd, 2021 (NL9852).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from both parents before surgery.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}