{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T20:12:52Z","timestamp":1789071172640,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Catharina Health Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Hartstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018890","name":"Dutch Cardiovascular Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Monit Comput"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Video-based monitoring technologies enable continuous and contactless monitoring of vital signs. This study evaluates the clinical concordance and determinants of performance of contactless video-based heart and respiratory rate monitoring compared with reference standards in a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective observational study, 35 intensive care unit patients were continuously monitored for 24\u00a0h. Video-based heart rate and respiratory rate were compared with the clinical reference standard. Agreement was assessed using Bland\u2013Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and error grid analyses. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) identified factors affecting agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For heart rate, bias was 2.1\u00a0bpm (limits\u2009\u2212\u200933.6 to 37.7), with 81.9% within \u00b1\u20095\u00a0bpm and 99.3% in error grid zones A\/B. ICC was 0.43. For respiratory rate, bias was \u2212\u20092.4 breaths\/min (limits\u2009\u2212\u200914.3 to 9.5), with 63.5% within \u00b1\u20093 breaths and 87.5% in zones A\/B. ICC was 0.41. High heart rate, atrial fibrillation, norepinephrine administration, and movement reduced agreement for heart rate; movement reduced agreement for respiratory rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Video-based monitoring shows promise for detecting abnormal vital signs in critically ill patients, but improved robustness to motion is needed for reliable clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-026-01440-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:15:54Z","timestamp":1778663754000},"page":"1113-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical validation of video-based vital sign monitoring in the intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9781-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Cramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"van Esch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Verstappen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Kloeze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Twisk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Stuijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bergmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svitlana","family":"Zinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"De Bie Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"van \u2019t Veer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Arthur","family":"Bouwman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Montenij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1440_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harford M, Catherall J, Gerry S, Young JD, Watkinson P. Availability and performance of image-based, non-contact methods of monitoring heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation: A systematic review. Physiol Meas Inst Phys Publishing. 2019;40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab1f1d.","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab1f1d"},{"key":"1440_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2023.547","volume":"7","author":"MJ Bautista","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bautista MJ, Kowal M, Cave DGW, Downey C, Jayne DG. Clinical applications of contactless photoplethysmography for monitoring in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Transl Sci. 2023;7:e129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cts.2023.547.","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"1440_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00543-z","volume":"5","author":"J Jorge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jorge J, Villarroel M, Tomlinson H, Gibson O, Darbyshire JL, Ede J, et al. Non-contact physiological monitoring of post-operative patients in the intensive care unit. NPJ Digit Med. 2022;5:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-021-00543-z.","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"1440_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-025-00719-x","volume":"13","author":"IC Cramer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cramer IC, Cox EGM, de Kok JWTM, Koeze J, Visser M, Bouma HR, et al. Quantification of facial cues for acute illness: a systematic scoping review. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2025;13:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-025-00719-x.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"1440_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2021.10.034","volume":"48","author":"JA van der Stam","year":"2022","unstructured":"van der Stam JA, Mestrom EHJ, Scheerhoorn J, Jacobs F, de Hingh IHJT, van Riel NAW, et al. Accuracy of vital parameters measured by a wearable patch following major abdominal cancer surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2022;48:917\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejso.2021.10.034.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1440_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Breteler MJM, KleinJan EJ, Dohmen DAJ, Leenen LPH, van Hillegersberg R, Ruurda JP, et al. Vital Signs Monitoring with Wearable Sensors in High-risk Surgical Patients. Anesthesiology. 2020;132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003029.","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003029"},{"key":"1440_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chan PY, McNeil J, Nguyen T, Ryan N, Hopper I. Novel wearable and contactless monitoring devices to identify deteriorating patients in the clinical setting: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev. 2020;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-020-01370-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01370-1"},{"key":"1440_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zabihi M, Bahrami Rad A, Katsaggelos AK, Kiranyaz S, Narkilahti S, Gabbouj M. Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in ECG Hand-held Devices Using a Random Forest Classifier. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22489\/CinC.2017.069-336","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2017.069-336"},{"key":"1440_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3422","DOI":"10.3390\/app15073422","volume":"15","author":"RJC van Esch","year":"2025","unstructured":"van Esch RJC, Cramer IC, Verstappen C, Kloeze C, Bouwman RA, Dekker L, et al. Camera-Based Continuous Heart and Respiration Rate Monitoring in the ICU. Appl Sci. 2025;15:3422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app15073422.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"1440_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-025-01263-5","author":"I Cramer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cramer I, van Esch R, Verstappen C, Kloeze C, van Bussel B, Stuijk S, et al. Accuracy of remote, video-based supraventricular tachycardia detection in patients undergoing elective electrical cardioversion: a prospective cohort. J Clin Monit Comput. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10877-025-01263-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"1440_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2609282","volume":"64","author":"W Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang W, Den Brinker AC, Stuijk S, De Haan G. Algorithmic Principles of Remote PPG. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng IEEE Comput Soc. 2017;64:1479\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2016.2609282.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng IEEE Comput Soc"},{"key":"1440_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"075004","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ac5b49","volume":"43","author":"W Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang W, den Brinker AC. Algorithmic insights of camera-based respiratory motion extraction. Physiol Meas. 2022;43:075004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6579\/ac5b49.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"1440_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/10543400701329422","volume":"17","author":"JM Bland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG. Agreement Between Methods of Measurement with Multiple Observations Per Individual. J Biopharm Stat. 2007;17:571\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10543400701329422.","journal-title":"J Biopharm Stat"},{"key":"1440_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280211402548","volume":"22","author":"G Zou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zou G. Confidence interval estimation for the Bland\u2013Altman limits of agreement with multiple observations per individual. Stat Methods Med Res. 2013;22:630\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280211402548.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"1440_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15:155\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012.","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"1440_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01179-5","volume":"20","author":"LB Mokkink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mokkink LB, Boers M, van der Vleuten CPM, Bouter LM, Alonso J, Patrick DL, et al. COSMIN Risk of Bias tool to assess the quality of studies on reliability or measurement error of outcome measurement instruments: a Delphi study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20:293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-020-01179-5.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"1440_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.10.521","volume":"94","author":"CP Subbe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Subbe CP. Validation of a modified Early Warning Score in medical admissions. QJM. 2001;94:521\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/94.10.521.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"1440_CR18","unstructured":"ANSI\/AAMI EC13. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Cardiac Monitors, Heart Rate Meters, and Alarms. American National Standard. Guideline. Arlington, VA, USA. 2002. pp. 1\u201387."},{"key":"1440_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Villarroel M, Jorge J, Meredith D, Sutherland S, Pugh C, Tarassenko L. Non-contact vital-sign monitoring of patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment. Sci Rep. 2020;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-75152-z.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75152-z"},{"key":"1440_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang B, Hu S, Liu Z, Lin CL, Su J, Zhao C et al. Challenges and prospects of visual contactless physiological monitoring in clinical study. NPJ Digit. Med. Nature Research; 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-023-00973-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00973-x"},{"key":"1440_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-162048","volume":"64","author":"S Rasche","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rasche S, Trumpp A, Waldow T, Gaetjen F, Pl\u00f6tze K, Wedekind D, et al. Camera-based photoplethysmography in critical care patients. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc [Internet]. 2016;64:77\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/CH-162048.","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc [Internet]"},{"key":"1440_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40474","DOI":"10.2196\/40474","volume":"6","author":"JA van der Stam","year":"2023","unstructured":"van der Stam JA, Mestrom EHJ, Scheerhoorn J, Jacobs FENB, Nienhuijs S, Boer A-K, et al. The Accuracy of Wrist-Worn Photoplethysmogram\u2013Measured Heart and Respiratory Rates in Abdominal Surgery Patients: Observational Prospective Clinical Validation Study. JMIR Perioper Med. 2023;6:e40474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/40474.","journal-title":"JMIR Perioper Med"},{"key":"1440_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bawua LK, Miaskowski C, Hu X, Rodway GW, Pelter MM. A review of the literature on the accuracy, strengths, and limitations of visual, thoracic impedance, and electrocardiographic methods used to measure respiratory rate in hospitalized patients. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2021;26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anec.12885.","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12885"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10877-026-01440-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10877-026-01440-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10877-026-01440-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T20:02:24Z","timestamp":1789070544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10877-026-01440-0"}},"subtitle":["Clinical validation of video-based vital sign monitoring"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10877-026-01440-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"R. Bouwman and L. Montenij act as clinical consultants for Philips Research in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work the authors used GPT-5.2, an AI language model developed by OpenAI, in order to improve readability and language of the manuscript. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"R. Bouwman and L. Montenij act as clinical consultants for Philips Research in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}