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As the chemical composition of CHCs varies from species to species, the CHC pattern represents a reliable indicator for parasitoids to discriminate host from non-host species. <jats:italic>Holepyris sylvanidis<\/jats:italic> is an ectoparasitoid of beetle larvae infesting stored products. Previous studies demonstrated that the larval CHC profile of the confused flour beetle, <jats:italic>Tribolium confusum<\/jats:italic>, comprises long chain linear and methyl-branched alkanes (methyl alkanes), which elicit trail following and host recognition in <jats:italic>H. sylvanidis<\/jats:italic>. Here we addressed the question, whether different behavioral responses of this parasitoid species to larvae of other beetle species are due to differences in the larval CHC pattern. Our study revealed that <jats:italic>H. sylvanidis<\/jats:italic> recognizes and accepts larvae of <jats:italic>T. confusum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. castaneum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. destructor<\/jats:italic> as hosts, whereas larvae of <jats:italic>Oryzaephilus surinamensis<\/jats:italic> were rejected. However, the latter species became attractive after applying a sample of <jats:italic>T. confusum<\/jats:italic> larval CHCs to solvent extracted larvae. Chemical analyses of the larval extracts revealed that CHC profiles of the <jats:italic>Tribolium<\/jats:italic> species were similar in their composition, while that of <jats:italic>O. surinamensis<\/jats:italic> differed qualitatively and quantitatively, i.e. methyl alkanes were present as minor components on the cuticle of all <jats:italic>Tribolium<\/jats:italic> larvae, but were absent in the <jats:italic>O. surinamensis<\/jats:italic> CHC profile. Furthermore, the parasitoid successfully recognized solvent extracted <jats:italic>T. confusum<\/jats:italic> larvae as hosts after they had been treated with a fraction of methyl alkanes. Our results show that methyl alkanes are needed for host recognition by <jats:italic>H. sylvanidis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-020-01227-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T23:02:32Z","timestamp":1604012552000},"page":"1032-1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Importance of Methyl-Branched Cuticular Hydrocarbons for Successful Host Recognition by the Larval Ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Awater-Salendo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartwig","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Hilker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1707-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"F\u00fcrstenau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1227_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-012-0189-4","volume":"38","author":"K Ablard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ablard K, Gries R, Khaskin G, Schaefer PW, Gries G (2012) Does the stereochemistry of methylated cuticular hydrocarbons contribute to mate recognition in the egg parasitoid wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae? 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