{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:41:07Z","timestamp":1792593667077,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W-1193\/2193\/3193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W-1193\/2193\/3193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009502","name":"Montana Agricultural Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009502","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Montana State University Vice President for Research and Economic Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Chem Ecol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The endophytic fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Alternaria oxytropis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is vertically transmitted through silky crazyweed (\n                    <jats:italic>Oxytropis sericea<\/jats:italic>\n                    Nutt.) and produces the neurotoxin swainsonine, yet its influence on host chemical signaling remains unclear. Here we characterize the floral and foliar volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-)\n                    <jats:italic>O. sericea<\/jats:italic>\n                    using dynamic headspace GC-MS on greenhouse- and field-grown plants \u2013 the first characterization of volatile profiles in this species. Endophyte infection had a negligible effect on VOC composition, explaining less than 1% of compositional variance in both greenhouse and field settings, with no compound differing consistently by infection status. Seven volatiles were reliably detected across both environments. The dominant axes of variation (PCA) instead reflected differences among individuals and between size-matched E+\/E- plant across years. These accounted for most compositional variance (72.6% greenhouse, 64.9% field), and VOC profiles differed markedly between collection years, likely reflecting fine-scale environmental and physiological variation. Ancillary nectar assays and pollinator observations revealed no consistent differences between E\u2009+\u2009and E- plants, and seed set was unaffected regardless of endophyte status. Swainsonine in floral organs was roughly an order of magnitude lower than in leaves and near-trace in nectar, indicating that any localized chemical defense is likely decoupled from scent chemistry. Together, these findings position the\n                    <jats:italic>Oxytropis-Alternaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    association toward the commensal end of the symbiotic continuum: the fungus maintains vertical transmission while the host shows no detectable effect on volatile signaling, pollinator attraction, or reproductive output, despite the resources required to sustain fungal alkaloid biosynthesis. This system offers a tractable model for understanding how endophyte associations persist in the absence of measurable host benefit.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-026-01773-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:01:48Z","timestamp":1792591308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Volatile Insensitivity and Localized Alkaloids Support Commensalism in the Oxytropis sericea\u2013Alternaria oxytropis Association"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8827-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackson R.","family":"Strand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8413-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Burkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8568-113X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3218-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dale R.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5192-3418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Keith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosie","family":"Wallander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5273-3738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David K.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5486-2354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy M.","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1773_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01838.x","volume":"15","author":"LS Adler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adler LS, Seifert MG, Wink M, Morse GE (2012) Reliance on pollinators predicts defensive chemistry across tobacco species. Ecol Lett 15:1140\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01838.x","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"1773_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"DM Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates DM, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"1773_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(94)90246-1","volume":"9","author":"JL Bronstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bronstein JL (1994) Conditional outcomes in mutualistic interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 9:214\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0169-5347(94)90246-1","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"1773_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00049-016-0227-8","volume":"27","author":"A Br\u00fcckner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Br\u00fcckner A, Heethoff M (2017) A chemo-ecologists\u2019 practical guide to compositional data analysis. Chemoecology 27:33\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00049-016-0227-8","journal-title":"Chemoecology"},{"key":"1773_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcy193","volume":"123","author":"DR Campbell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Campbell DR, Sosenski P, Raguso RA (2019) Phenotypic plasticity of floral volatiles in response to increasing drought stress. Ann Botany 123:601\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aob\/mcy193","journal-title":"Ann Botany"},{"key":"1773_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2307\/1943154","volume":"69","author":"G Carroll","year":"1988","unstructured":"Carroll G (1988) Fungal endophytes in stems and leaves: From latent pathogen to mutualistic symbiont. Ecology 69:2\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1943154","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"1773_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12279","volume":"17","author":"SA Chamberlain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chamberlain SA, Bronstein JL, Rudgers JA (2014) How context dependent are species interactions? Ecol Lett 17:881\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ele.12279","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"1773_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-009-9710-9","volume":"35","author":"D Cook","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cook D, Gardner DR, Ralphs MH, Pfister JA, Welch KD, Green BT (2009a) Swainsoninine concentrations and endophyte amounts of undifilum oxytropis in different plant parts of Oxytropis sericea. J Chem Ecol 35:1272\u20131278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10886-009-9710-9","journal-title":"J Chem Ecol"},{"key":"1773_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2111\/1551-501X-31.1.16","volume":"31","author":"D Cook","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cook D, Ralphs MH, Welch KD, Stegelmeier BL (2009b) Locoweed poisoning in livestock. Rangelands 31:16\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2111\/1551-501X-31.1.16","journal-title":"Rangelands"},{"key":"1773_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-017-0820-5","volume":"43","author":"D Cook","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cook D, Gardner DR, Pfister JA, Stonecipher CA, Robins JG, Morgan JA (2017) Effects of elevated CO2 on the swainsonine chemotypes of astragalus lentiginosus and astragalus mollissimus. J Chem Ecol 43:307\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10886-017-0820-5","journal-title":"J Chem Ecol"},{"key":"1773_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1100133","volume":"98","author":"KJ Delaney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delaney KJ, Klypina N, Maruthavanan J, Lange C, Sterling TM (2011) Locoweed dose responses to nitrogen: Positive for biomass and primary physiology, but inconsistent for an alkaloid. Am J Bot 98:1956\u20131965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3732\/ajb.1100133","journal-title":"Am J Bot"},{"key":"1773_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-023-01459-6","volume":"50","author":"Y Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng Y, Yu X, Yin J, Chen L, Zhao N, Gao Y, Ren A (2024) Epichlo\u00eb endophyte enhanced insect resistance of host grass leymus chinensis by affecting volatile organic compound emissions. J Chem Ecol 50:1067\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10886-023-01459-6","journal-title":"J Chem Ecol"},{"key":"1773_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12145","volume":"198","author":"N Dudareva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dudareva N, Klempien A, Muhlemann JK, Kaplan I (2013) Biosynthesis, function and metabolic engineering of plant volatile organic compounds. New Phytol 198:16\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nph.12145","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"1773_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2737\/feis-species-review-oxyser","volume-title":"Oxytropis sericea, white locoweed","author":"LL Esser","year":"1993","unstructured":"Esser LL (1993) Oxytropis sericea, white locoweed. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory"},{"key":"1773_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/42.2.360","volume":"42","author":"SH Faeth","year":"2002","unstructured":"Faeth SH (2002) Fungal endophytes: Common host plant symbionts but uncommon mutualists. Integr Comp Biol 42:360\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icb\/42.2.360","journal-title":"Integr Comp Biol"},{"key":"1773_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-009-9654-0","volume":"35","author":"A Fontana","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fontana A, Reichelt M, Hempel S, Gershenzon J, Unsicker SB (2009) The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on direct and indirect defense metabolites of Plantago lanceolata L. J Chem Ecol 35:833\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10886-009-9654-0","journal-title":"J Chem Ecol"},{"key":"1773_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c09049","volume":"72","author":"K Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu K, Schardl CL, Cook D, Cao X, Ling N, He C, Wu D, Xue L, Li Y, Shi Z (2024) Multiomics reveals mechanisms of Alternaria oxytropis inhibiting pathogenic fungi in Oxytropis ochrocephala. J Agric Food Chem 72:2397\u20132409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c09049","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"1773_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1021\/jf010596p","volume":"49","author":"DR Gardner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gardner DR, Molyneux RJ, Ralphs MH (2001) Analysis of swainsonine: Extraction methods, detection, and measurement in populations of locoweeds (Oxytropis spp). J Agric Food Chem 49:4573\u20134580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf010596p","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"1773_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8083","DOI":"10.1021\/jf3024062","volume":"60","author":"DS Grum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grum DS, Cook D, Gardner DR, Roper JM, Pfister JA, Ralphs MH (2012) Influence of seed endophyte amounts on swainsonine concentrations in Astragalus and Oxytropis locoweeds. J Agric Food Chem 60:8083\u20138089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf3024062","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"1773_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7050400","volume":"7","author":"H Guan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guan H, Liu X, Mur LAJ, Fu Y, Wei Y, Wang J, He W (2021) Rethinking of the roles of endophyte symbiosis and mycotoxin in Oxytropis Plants. J Fungi 7:400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7050400","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"1773_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-00964-4","volume":"15","author":"JG Harrison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrison JG, Beltran LP, Buerkle CA, Cook D, Gardner DR, Parchman TL, Poulson SR, Forister ML (2021) A suite of rare microbes interacts with a dominant, heritable, fungal endophyte to influence plant trait expression. ISME J 15:2763\u20132778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396-021-00964-4","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"1773_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190590","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0590","volume":"375","author":"CV Hawkes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hawkes CV, Bull JJ, Lau JA (2020) Symbiosis and stress: how plant microbiomes affect host evolution. Phil Trans R Soc B 375:20190590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2019.0590","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"1773_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1017\/wsc.2025.10026","volume":"73","author":"B Keith","year":"2025","unstructured":"Keith B, Ahortor M, Linse G, Greenwood M, Ward S, Cook D, Sterling TM (2025) The locoweed\u2013endophyte complex as commensalism: a multigenerational study. Weed Sci 73:e55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/wsc.2025.10026","journal-title":"Weed Sci"},{"key":"1773_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2012.05008.x","volume":"71","author":"D Kessler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kessler D, Bhattacharya S, Diezel C, Rothe E, Gase K, Sch\u00f6ttner M, Baldwin IT (2012) Unpredictability of nectar nicotine promotes outcrossing by hummingbirds in Nicotiana attenuata. Plant J 71:529\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2012.05008.x","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"1773_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1017\/wsc.2017.21","volume":"65","author":"N Klypina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klypina N, Pinch M, Schutte BJ, Maruthavanan J, Sterling TM (2017) Water-deficit stress tolerance differs between two Locoweed Genera (Astragalus and Oxytropis) with Fungal Endophytes. Weed Sci 65:626\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/wsc.2017.21","journal-title":"Weed Sci"},{"key":"1773_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2005.00961.x","volume":"19","author":"G Kudo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kudo G, Harder LD (2005) Floral and inflorescence effects on variation in pollen removal and seed production among six legume species. Funct Ecol 19:245\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2005.00961.x","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1773_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","volume":"82","author":"A Kuznetsova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB, Christensen RHB (2017) lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models. J Stat Soft 82(13):1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","journal-title":"J Stat Soft"},{"key":"1773_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erl254","volume":"58","author":"MJ Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee MJ, Pate JS, Harris DJ, Atkins CA (2007) Synthesis, transport and accumulation of quinolizidine alkaloids in Lupinus albus L. and L. angustifolius L. J Exp Bot 58:935\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/erl254","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"key":"1773_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1017\/s174217052200014x","volume":"37","author":"SC Malone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malone SC, Menalled FD, Weaver DK, Seipel TF, Hofland ML, Runyon JB, Bourgault M, Boss DL, Trowbridge AM (2022) Cropping systems alter plant volatile emissions in the field through soil legacy effects. Renew Agric Food Syst 37:375\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s174217052200014x","journal-title":"Renew Agric Food Syst"},{"key":"1773_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-011720-040844","volume":"51","author":"KA Mathis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathis KA, Bronstein JL (2020) Our current understanding of commensalism. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 51:167\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-011720-040844","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst"},{"key":"1773_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6801763","volume":"216","author":"RJ Molyneux","year":"1982","unstructured":"Molyneux RJ, James LF (1982) Loco intoxication: Indolizidine alkaloids of spotted locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus). Science 216:190\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.6801763","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1773_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-007-9227-0","volume":"54","author":"M Mucciarelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mucciarelli M, Camusso W, Maffei M, Panicco P, Bicchi C (2007) Volatile terpenoids of endophyte-free and infected peppermint (Mentha piperita L.): Chemical partitioning of a symbiosis. Microb Ecol 54:685\u2013696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00248-007-9227-0","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"key":"1773_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16060274","volume":"16","author":"NG Mwangi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mwangi NG, Stevens M, Wright AJD, Edwards SG, Hare MC, Back MA (2024) Grass\u2013Endophyte Interactions and Their Associated Alkaloids as a Potential Management Strategy for Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Toxins 16:274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins16060274","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"1773_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1139\/cjb-2017-0117","volume":"96","author":"AI Noor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noor AI, Nava A, Cooke P, Cook D, Creamer R (2018) Evidence for nonpathogenic relationships of Alternaria section Undifilum endophytes within three host locoweed plant species. Botany 96:187\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjb-2017-0117","journal-title":"Botany"},{"key":"1773_CR35","unstructured":"Oksanen J, Simpson G, Blanchet F, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin P, O'Hara R, Solymos P, Stevens M, Szoecs E, Wagner H, Bedward M, Bolker B, Borcard D, Carvalho G, De Caceres M, Durand S, Evangelista H, Hannigan G, Hill M, Lahti L, Martino C, Ouellette M, Ribeiro Cunha E, Smith T, Stier A, Ter Braak C, Weedon J (2026). vegan: Community Ecology Package.R package version 2.8-0. https:\/\/vegandevs.github.io\/vegan\/"},{"key":"1773_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1139\/B10-026","volume":"88","author":"E Oldrup","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oldrup E, McLain-Romero J, Padilla A, Moya A, Gardner D, Creamer R (2010) Localization of endophytic Undifilum fungi in locoweed seed and influence of environmental parameters on a locoweed in vitro culture system. Botany 88:512\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/B10-026","journal-title":"Botany"},{"key":"1773_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5799","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz334","volume":"70","author":"SL Otterbach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Otterbach SL, Yang T, Kato L, Janfelt C, Geu-Flores F (2019) Quinolizidine alkaloids are transported to seeds of bitter narrow-leafed lupin. J Exp Bot 70:5799\u20135808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/erz334","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"key":"1773_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-015-3277-7","volume":"178","author":"N Pangesti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pangesti N, Weldegergis BT, Langendorf B, Van Loon JJA, Dicke M, Pineda A (2015) Rhizobacterial colonization of roots modulates plant volatile emission and enhances the attraction of a parasitoid wasp to host-infested plants. Oecologia 178:1169\u20131180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-015-3277-7","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"1773_CR39","volume-title":"Behavioral and Sensory Responses of Endemic Braconid Parasitoids to Changes in Volatile Emissions Induced by Wheat Stem Sawfly","author":"OG Perez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perez OG (2009) Behavioral and sensory responses of endemic braconid parasitoids to changes in volatile emissions induced by wheat stem sawfly. Cephus cinctus Herbivory. Montana State University, Ph.D."},{"key":"1773_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1139\/b08-130","volume":"87","author":"BM Pryor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pryor BM, Creamer R, Shoemaker RA, McLain-Romero J, Hambleton S (2009) Undifilum, a new genus for endophytic Embellisia oxytropis and parasitic Helminthosporium bornmuelleri on legumes. Botany 87:178\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/b08-130","journal-title":"Botany"},{"key":"1773_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095601","volume":"39","author":"RA Raguso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Raguso RA (2008) Wake Up and Smell the Roses: The Ecology and Evolution of Floral Scent. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 39:549\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095601","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst"},{"key":"1773_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2011.03.001","volume":"4","author":"MH Ralphs","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ralphs MH, Cook D, Gardner DR, Grum DS (2011) Transmission of the locoweed endophyte to the next generation of plants. Fungal Ecol 4:251\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.funeco.2011.03.001","journal-title":"Fungal Ecol"},{"key":"1773_CR57","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2026","unstructured":"R Core Team (2026) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"1773_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcae014","volume":"133","author":"FM Realini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Realini FM, Escobedo VM, Ueno AC, Bast\u00edas DA, Schardl CL, Biganzoli F, Gundel PE (2024) Anti-herbivory defences delivered by Epichlo\u00eb fungal endophytes: a quantitative review of alkaloid concentration variation among hosts and plant parts. Ann Botany 133:509\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aob\/mcae014","journal-title":"Ann Botany"},{"key":"1773_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2009.02773.x","volume":"182","author":"RJ Rodriguez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodriguez RJ, White JF Jr, Arnold AE, Redman RS (2009) Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles. New Phytol 182:314\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2009.02773.x","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"1773_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.319","volume":"29","author":"K Saikkonen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Saikkonen K, Faeth SH, Helander M, Sullivan TJ (1998) Fungal endophytes: A Continuum of Interactions with Host Plants. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 29:319\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.319","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Syst"},{"key":"1773_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s13199-019-00635-1","volume":"79","author":"B Shankar Naik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shankar Naik B (2019) Functional roles of fungal endophytes in host fitness during stress conditions. Symbiosis 79:99\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13199-019-00635-1","journal-title":"Symbiosis"},{"key":"1773_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fnz148","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnz148","volume":"366","author":"MES S\u00f8rensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen MES, Lowe CD, Minter EJA, Wood AJ, Cameron DD, Brockhurst MA (2019) The role of exploitation in the establishment of mutualistic microbial symbioses. FEMS Microbiol Lett 366:fnz148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnz148","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"1773_CR48","first-page":"325","volume":"20","author":"DC Thompson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Thompson DC, Knight JL, Sterling TM, Murray LW (1995) Preference for specific varieties of woolly locoweed by a specialist weevil, Cleonidius travittatus (Say). Southwest Entomol 20:325\u2013333","journal-title":"Southwest Entomol"},{"key":"1773_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1126\/science.250.4985.1251","volume":"250","author":"TCJ Turlings","year":"1990","unstructured":"Turlings TCJ, Tumlinson JH, Lewis WJ (1990) Exploitation of herbivore-induced plant odors by host-seeking parasitic wasps. Science 250:1251\u20131253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.250.4985.1251","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1773_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1890\/06-0728.1","volume":"88","author":"JR Valdez Barillas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Valdez Barillas JR, Paschke MW, Ralphs MH, Child RD (2007) White locoweed toxicity is facilitated by a fungal endophyte and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Ecology 88:1850\u20131856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/06-0728.1","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"1773_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2012.06.006","volume":"43","author":"AD Vallotton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vallotton AD, Murray LW, Delaney KJ, Sterling TM (2012) Water deficit induces swainsonine of some locoweed taxa, but with no swainsonine-growth trade-off. Acta Oecol 43:140\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actao.2012.06.006","journal-title":"Acta Oecol"},{"key":"1773_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6944","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c01396","volume":"68","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Hou W, Christensen MJ, Li X, Xia C, Li C, Nan Z (2020) Role of Epichlo\u00eb endophytes in improving host grass resistance ability and soil properties. J Agric Food Chem 68:6944\u20136955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c01396","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"1773_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1603\/029.102.0320","volume":"102","author":"DK Weaver","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weaver DK, Buteler M, Hofland ML, Runyon JB, Nansen C, Talbert LE, Lamb P, Carlson GR (2009) Cultivar preferences of ovipositing wheat stem sawflies as influenced by the amount of volatile attractant. J Econ Entomol 102:1009\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1603\/029.102.0320","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"1773_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3114\/sim0015","volume":"75","author":"JHC Woudenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woudenberg JHC, Groenewald JZ, Binder M, Crous PW (2013) Alternaria redefined. Stud Mycol 75:171\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3114\/sim0015","journal-title":"Stud Mycol"},{"key":"1773_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00353-3","volume":"58","author":"Q Yue","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yue Q, Wang C, Gianfagna TJ, Meyer WA (2001) Volatile compounds of endophyte-free and infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb). Phytochemistry 58:935\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00353-3","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"1773_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2011.01.013","volume":"302","author":"MK Zapalski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zapalski MK (2011) Is absence of proof a proof of absence? Comments on commensalism. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology. Palaeoecology 302:484\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.palaeo.2011.01.013","journal-title":"Palaeoecology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Chemical Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10886-026-01773-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10886-026-01773-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10886-026-01773-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:01:52Z","timestamp":1792591312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10886-026-01773-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10886-026-01773-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-0331","1573-1561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-0331","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"98"}}