{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T22:13:50Z","timestamp":1785017630047,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Hospital Association young pharmacists research fund project","award":["YP2202436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YP2202436"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Fluoresc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-025-04662-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T09:33:56Z","timestamp":1770197636000},"page":"2457-2467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phosphorus-Nitrogen Co-doped Carbon Dots for Fluorescence Detection of Tigecycline: Mechanistic Exploration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"4662_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1289396","volume":"9","author":"L Korczak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Korczak L, Majewski P, Iwaniuk D, Sacha P, Matulewicz M, Wieczorek P, Majewska P, Wieczorek A, Radziwon P, Tryniszewska E (2024) Molecular mechanisms of tigecycline-resistance among Enterobacterales. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 9(14):1289396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1289396","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"4662_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.04.006","volume":"25","author":"B Leng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leng B, Yan G, Wang C, Shen C, Zhang W, Wang W (2021) Dose optimisation based on pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic target of Tigecycline. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 25:315\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.04.006","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"19","key":"4662_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196139","volume":"27","author":"Y Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo Y, He Z, Gao P, Liu S, Zhu Y, Xie K, Dong Y (2022) Concurrent determination of Tigecycline, tetracyclines and their 4-epimer derivatives in chicken muscle isolated from a reversed-phase chromatography system using tandem mass spectrometry. Molecules 27(19):6139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27196139","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"4662_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9416","volume":"37","author":"Y Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan Y, Qu J, Di Y, Zhang C, Cheng X (2023) Measurement of tigecycline in dried blood spots by LC-MS\/MS and comparison tigecycline concentrations between whole blood and plasma. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 37(1):e9416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.9416","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"4662_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.119857","volume":"233","author":"C Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li C, Lu J, Feng YB, Guo YJ, Wang J, Song YJ, Li RD, Tian L (2023) Signal amplification strategy electrochemiluminescence based on porous graphite-phase carbon nitride: a novel ECL sensor for ultrasensitive detection of tigecycline. Carbon 233:119857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.119857","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"4662_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.123112","volume":"240","author":"D Duan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duan D, Fang X, Li K (2022) A peroxidase-like nanoenzyme based on strontium(II)-ion-exchanged Prussian blue analogue derivative SrCoO3\/Co3O4 nanospheres and carbon quantum dots for the colorimetric detection of tigecycline in river water. Talanta 240:123112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.123112","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"6","key":"4662_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1039\/d0ay02182b","volume":"13","author":"Q Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu Q, Xu X, Song S, Wu A, Liu L, Kuang H, Xu C (2021) Development of a monoclonal antibody-based immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of Tigecycline in human serum. Anal Methods 13(6):817\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0ay02182b","journal-title":"Anal Methods"},{"issue":"24","key":"4662_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.202300421","volume":"41","author":"JW Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao JW, Wang JC, Zeng LG, Zhou S, Yang XM (2023) Yellow-fluorescence carbon dots employed for pH sensing and detection of Tigecycline. Chin J Chem 41(24):3677\u20133683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cjoc.202300421","journal-title":"Chin J Chem"},{"key":"4662_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341681","volume":"1277","author":"X Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu X, Lin H, Lin B, Huang L, Wu P, Wu Y, Huang L (2023) An \u201cON-OFF\u201d fluorescent sensor based on a novel zinc-based flower-like structured metal-organic framework for sequential detection of deferasirox and tigecycline. Anal Chim Acta 1277:341681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341681","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"45","key":"4662_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7204","DOI":"10.1039\/c6tb02131j","volume":"4","author":"Q Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu Q, Kuang T, Liu Y, Cai L, Peng X, Sreenivasan Sreeprasad T, Zhao P, Yu Z, Li N (2016) Heteroatom-doped carbon dots: synthesis, characterization, properties, photoluminescence mechanism and biological applications. J Mater Chem B 4(45):7204\u20137219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6tb02131j","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"4662_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2013.12.085","volume":"70","author":"ZT Fan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fan ZT, Li YC, Li XH, Fan LZ, Zhou SX, Fang DC, Yang SH (2014) Surrounding media sensitive photoluminescence of boron-doped graphene quantum dots for highly fluorescent dyed crystals, chemical sensing and bioimaging. Carbon 70:149\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2013.12.085","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"14","key":"4662_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201200166","volume":"22","author":"LL Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li LL, Ji J, Fei R, Wang CZ, Lu Q, Zhang JR, Jiang LP, Zhu JJ (2012) A facile microwave avenue to electrochemiluminescent two color graphene quantum dots. Adv Funct Mater 22(14):2971\u20132979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201200166","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"issue":"8","key":"4662_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm16005f","volume":"22","author":"D Pan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pan D, Guo L, Zhang J, Xi C, Xue Q, Huang H (2012) Cutting sp2 clusters in graphene sheets into colloidal graphene quantum dots with strong green fluorescence. J Mater Chem A 22(8):3314\u20133318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c2jm16005f","journal-title":"J Mater Chem A"},{"issue":"2","key":"4662_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1021\/nn2040395","volume":"6","author":"SJ Zhuo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhuo SJ, Shao MW, Lee ST (2012) Upconversion and downconversion fluorescent graphene quantum dots: ultrasonic preparation and photocatalysis. ACS Nano 6(2):1059\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/nn2040395","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"21","key":"4662_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6216","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201802441","volume":"57","author":"K Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang K, Wang Y, Gao X, Cai CZ, Lin HW (2018) Facile, quick, and gram-scale synthesis of ultralong room temperature phosphorescent carbon dots by microwave irradiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 57(21):6216\u20136220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201802441","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"4662_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114848","volume":"219","author":"J Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin J, Huang X, Kou E, Cai W, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li W, Zheng Y, Lei B (2023) Carbon dot based sensing platform for real-time imaging Cu<Superscript>2+<\/Superscript> distribution in plants and environment. Biosens Bioelectron 219:114848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114848","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"6","key":"4662_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-021-03859-7","volume":"414","author":"G Ning","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ning G, Li B, Liu J, Xiao Q, Huang S (2022) Red-emission carbon dots as fluorescent on-off-on probe for highly sensitive and selective detection of Cu2\u2009+\u2009and glutathione. Anal Bioanal Chem 414(6):2219\u20132233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-021-03859-7","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"4662_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-022-05337-y","volume":"189","author":"G Ning","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ning G, Mu P, Li B, Liu J, Xiao Q, Huang S (2022) on-off-on\" determination of nitrite. Mikrochim Acta 189(6):230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-022-05337-y","journal-title":"Mikrochim Acta"},{"issue":"3","key":"4662_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.143343","volume":"310","author":"G Ning","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ning G, Wang F, Zhang R, Du H, Weng T, Wang X, Zhou T, Zhang G, Zhang Z (2025) Polyvalent aptamer DNA nanoassembly based near-infrared carbon dots and rolling circle amplification for synergistic therapy of breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 310(3):143343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.143343","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4662_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.127436","volume":"285","author":"G Ning","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ning G, Wang F, Du H, Zhang R, Huo X, Wang X, Zhou T, Zhang G, Zhang Z (2025) Discrimination of normal\/cancer cells in bioimaging through a rolling circle amplification-enhanced red carbon dots-embedded multivalent aptamers nanoplatform. Talanta 285:127436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.127436","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"4662_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152842","volume":"493","author":"MX Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang MX, Liang YL, Zhang YA, Zhang LM, Wang N, Zhou Y, Wang YF, Cui ML, Yu ZX, Zhang MZ, Ma YN (2024) Oral\u2002carbon\u2002dot\u2002nanozymes with red fluorescence and superoxide dismutase-like activity for colitis\u2002bioimaging\u2002and inflammation management. Chem Eng J 493:152842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152842","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"4662_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.03.032","volume":"289","author":"C Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li C, Wang H, Luo Y, Wen G, Jiang Z (2019) A novel gold nanosol SERS quantitative analysis method for trace Na\u2009+\u2009based on carbon dot catalysis. Food Chem 289:531\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.03.032","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"42","key":"4662_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13307","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c03687","volume":"24","author":"J Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu J, Li C, Zhu Y, Hu J, Nan Y, Chen X, Liu KK, Wang H, Shan C, Xu W, Lou Q (2024) Long-wavelength afterglow emission with nearly 100% efficiency through space-confined energy transfer in organic-carbon dot hybrid. Nano Lett 24(42):13307\u201313314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c03687","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"issue":"20","key":"4662_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202110393","volume":"32","author":"J Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo J, Lu Y, Xie A, Li G, Liang Z, Wang C, Yang X, Chen S (2022) Yellow-emissive carbon dots with high solid-state photoluminescence. Adv Funct Mater 32(20):2110393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202110393","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"issue":"18","key":"4662_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11288","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b01577","volume":"8","author":"X Gong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gong X, Zhang Q, Gao Y, Shuang S, Choi M, Dong C (2016) Phosphorus and nitrogen dual-doped hollow carbon dot as a nanocarrier for doxorubicin delivery and biological imaging. Appl Mater Interfaces 8(18):11288\u201311297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6b01577","journal-title":"Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"4662_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2019.06.061","volume":"152","author":"Q Su","year":"2019","unstructured":"Su Q, Lu C, Yang X (2019) Efficient room temperature phosphorescence carbon dots: information encryption and dual-channel pH sensing. Carbon 152:609\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2019.06.061","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"37","key":"4662_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13234","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b08416","volume":"139","author":"M Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu M, Kim S, Mao L, Fujitsuka M, Zhang J, Wang X, Majima T (2017) Metal-free photocatalyst for H evolution in visible to near-infrared region: black phosphorus\/graphitic carbon nitride. J Am Chem Soc 139(37):13234\u201313242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.7b08416","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"17","key":"4662_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10717","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b01325","volume":"8","author":"B Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi B, Su Y, Zhang L, Huang M, Liu R, Zhao S (2016) Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanodots as a novel fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of Fe3\u2009+\u2009in human serum and living cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(17):10717\u201310725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6b01325","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"6158","key":"4662_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242603","volume":"342","author":"J Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang J, Chen P, Yuan B, Ji W, Cheng Z, Qiu X (2013) Real-space identification of intermolecular bonding with atomic force microscopy. Science 342(6158):611\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1242603","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"4662_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04917","volume":"92","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H, Su D, Gao H, Yan X, Kong D, Jin R, Liu X, Wang C, Lu G (2020) Design of red emissive carbon dots: robust performance for analytical applications in pesticide monitoring. Anal Chem 92(4):3198\u20133205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04917","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"4662_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12206","DOI":"10.1021\/ac503215z","volume":"86","author":"W Zhai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhai W, Wang C, Yu P, Wang Y, Mao L (2014) Single-layer MnO<Subscript>2<\/Subscript> nanosheets suppressed fluorescence of 7-hydroxycoumarin: mechanistic study and application for sensitive sensing of ascorbic acid in vivo. Anal Chem 86:12206\u201312213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac503215z","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"4662_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12748","DOI":"10.1039\/c5cc04905a","volume":"51","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Jiang K, Zhu J, Zhang L, Lin H (2015) A FRET-based carbon dot-MnO<Subscript>2<\/Subscript> nanosheet architecture for glutathione sensing in human whole blood samples. Chem Commun 51:12748\u201312751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c5cc04905a","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"4662_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b13949","volume":"9","author":"AH Malik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malik AH, Iyer PK (2017) Conjugated polyelectrolyte based sensitive detection and removal of antibiotics Tetracycline from water. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(5):4433\u20134439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6b13949","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"5","key":"4662_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1039\/c5nr08177g","volume":"8","author":"M Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin M, Zou HY, Yang T, Liu ZX, Liu H, Huang CZ (2016) An inner filter effect based sensor of Tetracycline hydrochloride as developed by loading photoluminescent carbon nanodots in the electrospun nanofibers. Nanoscale 8(5):2999\u20133007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c5nr08177g","journal-title":"Nanoscale"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fluorescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10895-025-04662-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10895-025-04662-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10895-025-04662-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T12:38:47Z","timestamp":1776343127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10895-025-04662-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10895-025-04662-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-4994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-4994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no ethical approvals required for this research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"All authors have seen and approved the study submitted, and no part of the work submitted has been published or is under consideration for publication elsewhere.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}