{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:40:30Z","timestamp":1777866030946,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Biological Engineering"},{"name":"A Graducation reform project of the 14th five year plan in zhejiang province of modern instrumental analysis technology"},{"name":"General Research Project of the Education of Zhejiang Province"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Level Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Testing and Control of Ningbo Characteristic Agricultural Products"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Fluoresc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-026-04764-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:39:12Z","timestamp":1775813952000},"page":"3169-3179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of an \u201cOff-On\u201d Fluorescence Sensing System Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dot\/Fe\u00b3\u207a for Sensitive Detection of Cysteine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Lihao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianyuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shancai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuhang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunjie","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"4764_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-019-09822-3","volume":"30","author":"T Furuichi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furuichi T, Tsukamoto M, Saito M, Sato Y, Oiji N, Yagami K, Fukumura R, Gondo Y, Guo L, Ikegawa S, Yamamori Y, Tomii K (2019) Crim1c140s mutant mice reveal the importance of cysteine 140 in the internal region 1 of CRIM1 for its physiological functions. Mamm Genome 30(11\u201312):329\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00335-019-09822-3","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"issue":"3","key":"4764_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13030335","volume":"13","author":"M Shellaiah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shellaiah M, Sun KW (2023) Review on carbon dot-based fluorescent detection of biothiols. Biosensors 13(3):335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios13030335","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"9","key":"4764_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4696","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1818","volume":"8","author":"T Rehman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rehman T, Shabbir MA, Inam Ur Raheem M, Manzoor MF, Ahmad N, Liu ZW, Ahmad MH, Siddeeg A, Abid M, Aadil RM (2020) Cysteine and homocysteine as biomarker of various diseases. Food Sci Nutr 8(9):4696\u20134707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.1818","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"4764_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pham TK, Buczek WA, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ, Collins MO (2021) Proteomic approaches to study cysteine oxidation: applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2021.678837","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.678837"},{"key":"4764_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111957","volume":"151","author":"Y Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen Y, Yue J, Shi W, Xu W, Xu S (2020) Target-triggered hot spot dispersion for cellular biothiol detection via background-free surface-enhanced raman scattering tags. Biosens Bioelectron 151:111957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111957","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"3","key":"4764_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.12.023","volume":"10","author":"M Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen M, Zhu J, Mu W, Guo L (2023) Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1): its functional role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Genes Dis 10(3):877\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.12.023","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"4764_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rudar M, Gachman A, Boersma M (2023) Technical note: simultaneous determination of amino thiols in pig tissue by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Anim Sci 101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skad017","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad017"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"4764_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.202300196","volume":"45","author":"AV Ivanov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ivanov AV, Popov MA, Aleksandrin V, Pudova PA, Galdobina MP, Metelkin AA, Kruglova MP, Maslennikov RA, Silina EV, Stupin VA, Kubatiev AA (2024) Simultaneous determination of cystine and other free aminothiols in blood plasma using capillary electrophoresis with ph-mediated stacking. Electrophoresis 45(5\u20136):411\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/elps.202300196","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4764_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slasd.2021.12.007","volume":"27","author":"S Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu S, Shi J, Li H, Li J, Zhu Y, Li B, Sun Y (2022) Development of a biotin\u2013streptavidin-enhanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) for high-throughput screening of KRASG12c inhibitors. SLAS Discov 27(2):107\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.slasd.2021.12.007","journal-title":"SLAS Discov"},{"issue":"2","key":"4764_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.111999","volume":"12","author":"JV Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar JV, Rhim J (2024) Fluorescent carbon quantum dots for food contaminants detection applications. J Environ Chem Eng 12(2):111999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2024.111999","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"issue":"52","key":"4764_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27184","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra47994c","volume":"4","author":"Y Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song Y, Zhu S, Yang B (2014) Bioimaging based on fluorescent carbon dots. RSC Adv 4(52):27184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c3ra47994c","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4764_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2021.159819","volume":"873","author":"M Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao M, Liu Y, Zhu M, Xia J, Xuan T, Jiang D, Zhou G, Li H (2021) A novel and highly stable dual-emission carbon dots-based phosphor. J Alloys Compd 873:159819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2021.159819","journal-title":"J Alloys Compd"},{"issue":"3","key":"4764_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2020.01.007","volume":"31","author":"J Zhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhong J, Chen X, Zhang M, Xiao C, Cai L, Khan WA, Yu K, Cui J, He L (2020) Blood compatible heteratom-doped carbon dots for bio-imaging of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Chin Chem Lett 31(3):769\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cclet.2020.01.007","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"4764_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.114528","volume":"177","author":"Q Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo Q, He S, Huang Y, Lei Z, Qiao J, Li Q, Xu D, Guo X, Wu Y (2022) Non-toxic fluorescent molecularly imprinted hydrogel based on wood-derived cellulose nanocrystals and carbon dots for efficient sorption and sensitive detection of tetracycline. Ind Crops Prod 177:114528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.114528","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"4764_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.125567","volume":"270","author":"Y Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia Y, Han B, Liu X, Liu Y, Sun Y, Lu C (2024) A highly water-soluble hydrogen-bond-induced emission carbon dots for ratiometric fluorescent detection of water content in organic solvents. Talanta 270:125567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.125567","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"4764_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2024.112276","volume":"162","author":"J Goswami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goswami J, Barman H, Hazarika P, Manna P, Devi A, Saikia L (2024) Biomass-derived phosphorous-doped carbon quantum dots (p-CQD): an excellent biocompatible material for in-vitro cell imaging. Inorg Chem Commun 162:112276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inoche.2024.112276","journal-title":"Inorg Chem Commun"},{"key":"4764_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2022.116098","volume":"287","author":"E Dhandapani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhandapani E, Maadeswaran P, Mohan Raj R, Raj V, Kandiah K, Duraisamy N (2023) A potential forecast of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as an ultrasensitive and selective fluorescence probe for hg (II) ions sensing. Mater Sci Engineering: B 287:116098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mseb.2022.116098","journal-title":"Mater Sci Engineering: B"},{"key":"4764_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abed EM, Yazdian F, Sepahi AA, Rasekh B (2025) Synthesis and evaluation of PCL\/chitosan\/CQD-fe magnetic nanocomposite for wound healing: emphasis on gene expression. Eng Life Sci 25(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/elsc.202400038","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.202400038"},{"issue":"24","key":"4764_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13626","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b04211","volume":"89","author":"W Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song W, Duan W, Liu Y, Ye Z, Chen Y, Chen H, Qi S, Wu J, Liu D, Xiao L, Ren C, Chen X (2017) Ratiometric detection of intracellular lysine and ph with one-pot synthesized dual emissive carbon dots. Anal Chem 89(24):13626\u201313633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b04211","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"4764_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-019-02387-z","volume":"29","author":"R Tabaraki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tabaraki R, Abdi O (2019) Microwave assisted synthesis of n-doped carbon dots: an easy, fast and cheap sensor for determination of aspartic acid in sport supplements. J Fluoresc 29(3):751\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10895-019-02387-z","journal-title":"J Fluoresc"},{"key":"4764_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.125258","volume":"603","author":"G Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li G, Pei M, Liu P (2020) DOX-conjugated CQD-based nanosponges for tumor intracellular ph-triggered DOX release and imaging. Colloids Surf A 603:125258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.125258","journal-title":"Colloids Surf A"},{"issue":"12","key":"4764_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6462","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400366s","volume":"114","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Chen F (2014) Microwave-assisted preparation of inorganic nanostructures in liquid phase. Chem Rev 114(12):6462\u20136555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr400366s","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"4764_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s40097-021-00431-8","volume":"12","author":"AR Nallayagari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nallayagari AR, Sgreccia E, Pizzoferrato R, Cabibbo M, Kaciulis S, Bolli E, Pasquini L, Knauth P, Di Vona ML (2022) Tuneable properties of carbon quantum dots by different synthetic methods. J Nanostructure Chem 12(4):565\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40097-021-00431-8","journal-title":"J Nanostructure Chem"},{"key":"4764_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2024.134089","volume":"693","author":"X Qian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qian X, Wang Z, Chen Z, El-Bahy SM, Li D, Qin L, Li C, El-Bahy ZM, Zhao J (2024) Green-emitting carbon quantum dots as efficient fluorescent probes for Cu2\u2009+\u2009and EDTA detection by turn-on-off strategy. Colloids Surf A 693:134089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2024.134089","journal-title":"Colloids Surf A"},{"key":"4764_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.111084","volume":"204","author":"L Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang L, Liu YQ, Huang C, Han M, Yao BY, Leng YL, Li XH, Zhang YP, Cai XH (2024) Fluorescent carbon dots based on nitrogen doped dialdehyde starch for highly selective fe3+\/glyphosate detection and its applications. Microchem J 204:111084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2024.111084","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"4764_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2017.05.069","volume":"529","author":"Z Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie Z, Sun X, Jiao J, Xin X (2017) Ionic liquid-functionalized carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for sensitive and selective detection of iron ion and ascorbic acid. Colloids Surf Physicochem Eng Asp 529:38\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2017.05.069","journal-title":"Colloids Surf Physicochem Eng Asp"},{"issue":"6","key":"4764_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202400715","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.202400715","volume":"90","author":"S Sharma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sharma S, Chowdhury P (2025) Urea-based carbon quantum dots for recognition of fe3\u2009+\u2009by fluorescence quenching and pb2\u2009+\u2009by fluorescence enhancement. ChemPlusChem 90(6):e202400715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cplu.202400715","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"4764_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.01.004","volume":"194","author":"SK Tammina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tammina SK, Yang D, Koppala S, Cheng C, Yang Y (2019) Highly photoluminescent n, p doped carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of dopamine and temperature. J Photochem Photobiol B 194:61\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.01.004","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"4764_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131898","volume":"376","author":"L Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu L, Zhang J, Yang G, Tang Y, Zhang X, Huang X, Zhai W, Fodjo EK, Kong C (2022) Green preparation of carbon quantum dots with wolfberry as on-off-on nanosensors for the detection of fe3\u2009+\u2009and l-ascorbic acid. Food Chem 376:131898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131898","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"19","key":"4764_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9846","DOI":"10.1021\/ac502446m","volume":"86","author":"H Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang H, Chen Y, Liang M, Xu L, Qi S, Chen H, Chen X (2014) Solid-phase synthesis of highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for sensitive and selective probing ferric ions in living cells. Anal Chem 86(19):9846\u20139852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac502446m","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"70","key":"4764_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44144","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA08400E","volume":"7","author":"P Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu P, Li W, Wu Q, Liu Y, Liu S (2017) Hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from microcrystalline cellulose for the detection of fe3+ ions in an acidic environment. RSC Adv 7(70):44144\u201344153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7RA08400E","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4764_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152389","volume":"811","author":"H Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren H, Li M, Liu Y, Zhao T, Zhang R, Duan E (2022) Nitrogen-rich carbon quantum dots (n-CQDs) based on natural deep eutectic solvents: simultaneous detection and treatment of trace co2\u2009+\u2009under saline conditions. Sci Total Environ 811:152389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152389","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4764_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Das GS, Shim JP, Bhatnagar A, Tripathi KM, Kim T (2019) Biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for visible-light-induced photocatalysis and label-free detection of fe(III) and ascorbic acid. Sci Rep 9(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-49266-y","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49266-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"4764_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2022.103560","volume":"33","author":"M Esmaeili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Esmaeili M, Wu Z, Chen D, Singh A, Sonar P, Thiel D, Li Q (2022) Composition and concentration-dependent photoluminescence of nitrogen-doped carbon dots. Adv Powder Technol 33(5):103560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apt.2022.103560","journal-title":"Adv Powder Technol"},{"key":"4764_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2015.04.059","volume":"142","author":"B Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi B, Zhang L, Lan C, Zhao J, Su Y, Zhao S (2015) One-pot green synthesis of oxygen-rich nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and their potential application in ph-sensitive photoluminescence and detection of mercury(II) ions. Talanta 142:131\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2015.04.059","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"12","key":"4764_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5351","DOI":"10.1021\/ac3007939","volume":"84","author":"W Lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu W, Qin X, Liu S, Chang G, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Asiri AM, Al-Youbi AO, Sun X (2012) Economical, green synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and their use as probes for sensitive and selective detection of mercury(II) ions. Anal Chem 84(12):5351\u20135357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac3007939","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"4764_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qu D, Zheng M, Zhang L, Zhao H, Xie Z, Jing X, Haddad RE, Fan H, Sun Z (2014) Formation mechanism and optimization of highly luminescent n-doped graphene quantum dots. Sci Rep 4(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep05294","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05294"},{"issue":"1","key":"4764_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201400307","volume":"3","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang J, Peng F, Lu Y, Zhong Y, Wang S, Xu M, Ji X, Su Y, Liao L, He Y (2015) Large-scale green synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanodots and their use in optics applications. Adv Opt Mater 3(1):103\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adom.201400307","journal-title":"Adv Opt Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"4764_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-023-03300-5","volume":"34","author":"J Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie J, Wu Z, Sun J, Lv C, Sun Q (2023) Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots derived from lycium barbarum for effective fluorescence detection of cr (VI) sensing. J Fluoresc 34(2):571\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10895-023-03300-5","journal-title":"J Fluoresc"},{"key":"4764_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2018.12.011","volume":"372","author":"R Atchudan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Atchudan R, Edison TNJI, Perumal S, Clament Sagaya Selvam N, Lee YR (2019) Green synthesized multiple fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as an efficient label-free optical nanoprobe for in vivo live-cell imaging. J Photochem Photobiol Chem 372:99\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2018.12.011","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol Chem"},{"issue":"94","key":"4764_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52583","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA10601F","volume":"4","author":"J Ju","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ju J, Zhang R, He S, Chen W (2014) Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots-based fluorescent probe for the sensitive turn-on detection of glutathione and its cellular imaging. RSC Adv 4(94):52583\u201352589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C4RA10601F","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4764_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.02.018","volume":"152","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Cui P, Zhang F, Feng X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu X (2016) Fluorescent probes for off-on highly sensitive detection of hg(2)(+) and l-cysteine based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots. Talanta 152:288\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.02.018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"4764_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ding H, Li X, Chen X, Wei J, Li X, Xiong H (2020) Surface states of carbon dots and their influences on luminescence. J Appl Phys 127(23). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5143819","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5143819"},{"issue":"4","key":"4764_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s42823-020-00222-1","volume":"31","author":"R Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu R, Zhang Y, Piao Y, Meng L (2021) Development of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for highly selective and sensitive detection of the heavy-ion fe3+. Carbon Lett 31(4):821\u2013829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42823-020-00222-1","journal-title":"Carbon Lett"},{"issue":"24","key":"4764_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7756","DOI":"10.1021\/ja062677d","volume":"128","author":"Y Sun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sun Y, Zhou B, Lin Y, Wang W, Fernando KAS, Pathak P, Meziani MJ, Harruff BA, Wang X, Wang H, Luo PG, Yang H, Kose ME, Chen B, Veca LM, Xie S (2006) Quantum-sized carbon dots for bright and colorful photoluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 128(24):7756\u20137757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja062677d","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"70","key":"4764_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8835","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc33796g","volume":"48","author":"S Sahu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sahu S, Behera B, Maiti TK, Mohapatra S (2012) Simple one-step synthesis of highly luminescent carbon dots from orange juice: application as excellent bio-imaging agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 48(70):8835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c2cc33796g","journal-title":"Chem Commun (Camb)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4764_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12017","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1247\/1\/012017","volume":"1247","author":"D Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez D, \u00c1lvarez J, Racedo F (2019) Development of a steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy system and a time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy system. Journal of Physics. Conf Ser 1247(1):12017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/1247\/1\/012017","journal-title":"Conf Ser"},{"key":"4764_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.04.071","volume":"232","author":"C Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang C, Wang Y, Shi H, Yan Y, Liu E, Hu X, Fan J (2019) A strong blue fluorescent nanoprobe for highly sensitive and selective detection of mercury(II) based on sulfur doped carbon quantum dots. Mater Chem Phys 232:145\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.04.071","journal-title":"Mater Chem Phys"},{"key":"4764_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2023.105128","volume":"154","author":"C Ho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ho C, Lee T, Li X, Chen C (2024) Repurposing of waste ammonium sulfate as s,n-doped carbon quantum dots: a sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for the determination of tetracycline. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 154:105128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtice.2023.105128","journal-title":"J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng"},{"key":"4764_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142852","volume":"467","author":"MA Ahmad Farid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad Farid MA, Lease J, Yoshito A (2024) Lignocellulosic biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs): a novel approach utilizing organosolv lignin from moso bamboo waste. J Clean Prod 467:142852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142852","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"4764_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.105075","volume":"157","author":"S Erdemir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erdemir S, Malkondu S, Kocyigit O (2020) A blue\/red dual-emitting multi-responsive fluorescent probe for fe3+, cu2\u2009+\u2009and cysteine based on isophorone-antharecene. Microchem J 157:105075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2020.105075","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"issue":"18","key":"4764_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11255","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b01030","volume":"8","author":"L Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen L, Song L, Zhang Y, Wang P, Xiao Z, Guo Y, Cao F (2016) Nitrogen and sulfur codoped reduced graphene oxide as a general platform for rapid and sensitive fluorescent detection of biological species. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(18):11255\u201311261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6b01030","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"4764_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2021.120132","volume":"262","author":"U Latief","year":"2021","unstructured":"Latief U, Ul Islam S, Khan ZMSH, Khan MS (2021) A facile green synthesis of functionalized carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for a highly selective and sensitive detection of fe3\u2009+\u2009ions. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 262:120132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2021.120132","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"issue":"9","key":"4764_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1134\/s1061934822090039","volume":"77","author":"F Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng F, Zhou X, Cheng W, Ma J, Jiang H (2022) A carbon dots probe for specific determination of cysteine based on inner filter effect. J Anal Chem 77(9):1141\u20131146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s1061934822090039","journal-title":"J Anal Chem"},{"key":"4764_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.07.084","volume":"273","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liang R, Liu W, Zhao Q, Zhu X, Yang L, Zou P, Wang X, Ding F, Rao H (2018) A dual-mode probe for colorimetric and fluorometric detection of cysteine based on phosphorus\/nitrogen co-doped CQDs and gold nanorods. Sens Actuators B Chem 273:1627\u20131634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2018.07.084","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"key":"4764_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.02.018","volume":"152","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Cui P, Zhang F, Feng X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu X (2016) Fluorescent probes for off-on highly sensitive detection of hg2\u2009+\u2009and l-cysteine based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots. Talanta 152:288\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.02.018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"12","key":"4764_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-018-0980-3","volume":"410","author":"X Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen X, Gong F, Cao Z, Zou W, Gu T (2018) Highly cysteine-selective fluorescent nanoprobes based on ultrabright and directly synthesized carbon quantum dots. Anal Bioanal Chem 410(12):2961\u20132970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-018-0980-3","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"4764_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-023-05919-4","volume":"190","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Abdulkhaleq AMA, Wang J, Zhou X (2023) Rational design of a novel acryl-modified CQDs fluorescent probe for highly selective detection and imaging of cysteine in vitro and in vivo. Mikrochim Acta 190(8):331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-023-05919-4","journal-title":"Mikrochim Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"4764_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1039\/c9ra09019c","volume":"10","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Y, Qin X, Yuan C, Wang Y (2020) Switch on fluorescence mode for determination of l-cysteine with carbon quantum dots and au nanoparticles as a probe. RSC Adv 10(4):1989\u20131994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c9ra09019c","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4764_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137427","volume":"488","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Y, Li J, Yu T, Cai H, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhou H, Yin P (2025) Multi-signal fluorescent probe for simultaneous differentiation and imaging of hg2+, cys, hcy, and GSH in living cells and zebrafish. J Hazard Mater 488:137427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137427","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"4764_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.04.024","volume":"185","author":"H Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li H, Zhao L, Xu Y, Zhou T, Liu H, Huang N, Ding J, Li Y, Ding L (2018) Single-hole hollow molecularly imprinted polymer embedded carbon dot for fast detection of tetracycline in honey. Talanta 185:542\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.04.024","journal-title":"Talanta"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fluorescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04764-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04764-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04764-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:52:12Z","timestamp":1777535532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04764-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04764-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-4994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-4994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}